tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76715786744321809552024-03-08T11:49:09.284-08:00Darwin R. Barker Historical MuseumDarwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.comBlogger103125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-32091412691665016592014-02-04T10:38:00.003-08:002014-02-04T10:38:24.014-08:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Early Gasometer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">A note transcribed by Douglas
H. Shepard, September 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">James Edward Alexander, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Transatlantic Sketches</i> (1833) Vol.II,
pp.138-141<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Excerpt:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a small house on the banks of the stream
is the gasometer; a square reservoir for water has been dug under cover of a
roof; in this floats a large wooden box without a bottom; the gas rises in
this, and the weight of the box forces the gas into tubes, which distribute it
over the village.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-65039987974886359232014-02-04T10:38:00.001-08:002014-02-04T10:38:01.782-08:00
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Telegraph and the
Underground Railroad <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Was the telegraph used by the Underground Railroad (UGRR)
in Chautauqua County?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An examination of
one well documented incident, one well documented UGRR conductor, and one well
documented telegraph operator suggests the possibility.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
September 1851 a runaway slave called Harrison (also known as Harrison <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>) was kidnapped in Busti NY by
slave-catchers from Virginia. The ensuing chase and trial were a dramatic
episode in the history of the Underground Railroad in Chautauqua County, retold
many times through the years. One of those retellings was a long article by
Palmer K. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shankland</b> in the 18 July
1891 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saturday Times</i> of Jamestown. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shankland’s</b>
account was based on extensive interviews with older residents of Busti who
still had vivid memories of the events at a time when it was no longer
dangerous to name names.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>What <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shankland’s</b>
sources told him was that two men brought the news of the kidnapping to
Jamestown, and that Jamestown resident and UGRR conductor Silas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shearman</b> first thought of obtaining a
writ of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">habeas corpus</i>, but realizing
the time was too short, went instead “to Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Palmer’s</b> newspaper office, where the only telegraph operator in the
village was located and sent a message to George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> of Dunkirk…. He knew that George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> would arouse the friends of anti-slavery in the vicinity of
Dunkirk, who would give him every possible assistance.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">This
event took place after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which was
only six years after the advent of the telegraph. On 1 May 1844 the Whigs had held
their national convention in Baltimore, nominating Henry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clay</b>. The news was hand-carried to Annapolis Junction, where it was
wired to the Capitol and became the first news dispatch to use the electric
telegraph. In the rest of 1844 and into 1845, lines were established between
major eastern cities: Washington and Baltimore, Washington and New York, Boston
and New York, Boston and Springfield, Springfield and Buffalo, Buffalo and
Lockport, and so on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In early 1846 Philadelphia was connected to Harrisburg,
and on 8 September 1846 the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of
Fredonia, NY announced the following: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">We
learn from the Buffalo Commercial, that the “Atlantic Lake and Mississippi
Telegraph Company” have in contemplation the construction and continuation of
the Telegraph from Buffalo around the south side of Lake Erie to Detroit</i>.
The article added that the line between Albany and Buffalo had been in
operation for a short time. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
of 23 March 1847 noted that there was now “a branch from Cleveland to
Pittsburgh.” A representative of that company had already visited Fredonia
“with the view of locating a telegraphic station here.” The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> editor added ,“We earnestly hope
the requisite sum to secure a station at Fredonia will be pledged.” That his
wishes were not met is apparent from the issue of 12 October 1847, which urged,
“Let us have some action here, and that immediately.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>By 19 January 1848, the posts to carry the wires through
the village were up. The line running along the south side of Main Street was
in place, and the first dispatch was carried from Cleveland to Buffalo.
Finally, on 29 February 1848, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
was able to announce that “a station has been located here.” In the issue of 7
March 1848 the editor was able to thank “the courteous operators here” for
providing “communications <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">by lightning</i>.
. . between this village and Buffalo on Saturday last.” The operators were “Messrs.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cornell</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobb</b>.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Cornell</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> was a representative of the telegraph company, while
young Emory <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobb</b> was the one who
actually remained in the village, staffing the telegraph office for several
years before moving on. It was the issue of 14 March 1848 that specified where
the office was located: “over E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>
& Co.’s Store, where those wishing business transacted, will find the
gentlemanly and accommodating operator (Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobb</b>) always on hand.” That was approximately 32 West Main Street,
but the building no longer stands. A retrospective piece in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 1 January 1890 located the
office “in a room over <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Starr’s</b>
grocery, and a young man name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobb</b>,
now a prominent man in Chicago, placed in charge.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The next stage in the expansion of telegraph links was
the proposal to use the NY and Erie RR line as the corridor for a telegraph
line from NY City “to intersect the Erie & Michigan [telegraph] line at
Fredonia.” The 13 March 1849 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
noted that “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pew’s</b> Erie &
Alleghany Telegraph line is now in operation from this place to Sinclearville
and Warren, and doing considerable business. The wires on the N.Y. & Erie
line are strung hence to New York, and it is believed that the line will be put
in operation in less than two weeks.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>By the end of April 1849 the NY & Erie telegraph line
was up and running. The Buffalo <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Commercial</i>,
quoted in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 24 April 1849,
reported that the line “extends from New York to Fredonia, along the line of
the Erie railroad where it intersects the Erie & Michigan line. . . . The
intermediate places, where the line passes through and where offices are
already opened, are Sinclairville, Nunda, Dansville, Jefferson, Ithaca, Owego,
Binghamton, Middletown, Montrose, Goshen and Newburg.” The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> editor corrected that list, noting that Sinclairville was on
a different line, that no offices had yet been opened at Montrose and Pike, and
that there was an office at Honesdale PA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In April 1849 the NY & Erie line and the Alleghany
& Erie line were added to the Fredonia telegraph office connections. To
assist with the increased traffic, George French <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brigham</b> was added to the staff. Emory <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobb</b>, who had been managing the Erie & Michigan line continued
at the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">32 West Main Street</i> office as
well. In May 1849 a Fredonia & Pittsburgh line was under construction and
by December 1849 was about completed. The route for that line included Warren
PA,Youngsville, Columbus, Waterford, and the Erie Extension Canal line which
came from Pittsburgh. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of
18 December 1849 also reported that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">O’Reilly’s</b>
Atlantic, Lake & Mississippi line was now connected to a Fredonia office
“in the rear of the Post office.” The postmaster, at that point, was L. L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pratt</b>, appointed in May 1849 under the
aegis of the new Whig administration of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fillmore</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A serious fire in February 1850 almost destroyed the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> office. However, by October a new
building was up in Center Street, and by late December the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">O’Reilly</b> telegraph office had been moved there. The 1850 Census
shows George French <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brigham</b>, working
at the telegraph office but still living at the home of his parents, James and
Fanny (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brigham</b>. He then relocated to Dunkirk and was, according to an item
in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 15 April 1914, “the
first telegraph operator in Dunkirk, at the opening of the Erie Railroad in [15
May] 1851.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That being the case, it seems clear that when Silas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shearman</b> in September 1851 sent a
telegraph message intended for Dunkirk’s George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, an ardent abolitionist whose first wife was George French <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brigham’s</b> aunt Sophia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shearman</b> must have felt safe in entrusting its transmittal to the
young telegraph operator in Dunkirk, George French <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brigham</b>. Unfortunately, <b>Shearman’s</b> message to <b>Brigham</b>
and <b>French</b> did not arrive in time to intercept the kidnapping party on
its way to Buffalo, where a U. S. magistrate was waiting to send the refugee
Harrison back into slavery. From this example of the telegraph’s use among
Chautauqua County’s abolitionists, however, it seems plausible that the UGRR
may have utilized the telegraph on other occasions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-91738074798325757222014-02-04T10:37:00.003-08:002014-02-04T10:37:33.045-08:00
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Frisbee
Letter 1855<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Transcribed
by Douglas H. Shepard, September 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 9;"> </span>Fredonia,
Feb. 16, 1855<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dear Brother, Recd yours of the 19<sup>th</sup> ult.
In 21 days after its date — rather a long time on the way — had recd.later news
from Sevastopal — but was glad to hear from you, and especially that you were
all well. Am aware that it must be <u>very much</u> like work to do as you are
doing, but then, while it brings health for the prudent, it works out all the
requisites for enjoyment for the future; and still it is probable the real
happiness will be no greater when you have acquired all you <u>hope</u> to,
than you are now enjoying , for<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Hope
springs eternal in the human breast.” I did not suppose you had got into a
country of wolves; but I guess the crazy man’s “dumb’d old cook stove on
wheels” (the Locomotive) will scare them away ere long. We are all well, and so
are Joel’s folks. Our family is small — only wife and I and Sterne. Sterne is
doing for himself. He had been getting out an invention for Gate Latches and
window Blind Fasteners. The <u>principle</u> is a <u>movable </u>Catch (or
Ketch) All that have seen it think it is a good thing. He has made a bargain
with Pratt &c of Buffalo to manufacture and sell them (they like it much)
and give him a per centage on all they sell. He might do well with it and I
hope he will. Junius is doing well in Buffalo — is getting a first rate run of
trade, wholesale and retail — Glisan has about $5,000 cash into the concern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A
little about our business now — Nothing has been done with the stove and pipe
since you were here, until 2 or 3 weeks ago, when Massenberg wanted a stove for
the present — looked at this — I offered the Stove and pipe for $4. — he did
not like to buy it at that, but would give 6<sup>d</sup> a week for the <u>use</u>
of it till warm weather and I let him take it. Your note to Lamson for about
$10 will become due soon. Now if you will send me $6. in a week or two after
you receive this I will give you the Sage note — pay Lamson — take the Stove
and pipe and square off. This certainly will be a good trade for you. We have
had a good deal of winter for the last three weeks, and although it was warming
a day or two ago, it is snowing again to-day. I think you have sit with<u>
closed</u> doors since you wrote, by the accounts I have seen from the west.
Fayette was here a week or so after our storms commenced and was joking about
our cold wintry country, “so different from Iowa” — when at the <u>same time</u>
the cars were a week getting from Chicago to Rock Island and two or three weeks
to St. Louis! I have just seen in a Buffalo paper that only yesterday the snow
was so deep at Chicago that the trains were all day getting to the confines of
the city. I had a letter from Lucy not long ago. She is boarding in a family in
the suburbs of Chicago and doing their sewing. Henry is with Col. James. I sent
a paper to Geo. L. Nicholson<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a short
time ago, and he sent me a Valley paper, which I send you. It seems he is in
trade, in partnership with one Root, I suppose a son of Asahel Root, but don’t
know. I don’t think I shall go west the coming season. If I can get away at all
I should like to go east, and visit old Valley scenes once more; but I don’t
know how it will be. Every day and week brings its <s>weeks</s> cares and
wants, and besides I have got to repair up the old homestead and move this
spring, and that’s no small job. The old house too an’t big enough and I have
got to put on an addition — so it goes, the smaller the family the more room is
wanted. We have heard that Groves talked of moving back here — that he did not
like it very well there — that his folks and Sage’s had been sick a good deal.
Great rejoicing here over the re-election of Seward, and great mourning among
the Know Nothings. By the by have you got any of these critters out there with
you? There are lots of them here, but they don’t seem to be very harmonious
among themselves, and I think they are growing less. We are looking with
considerable anxiety for the passage of our Maine law, and it will be pretty
generally carried into effect. The old Whig and Democrat parties appear to be
pretty much used up and it would seem as though it was to be Know Nothing and
Anti K.N. It is a strange kind of a party, that one of the important things
about it is, to not let any body know that you belong to it. I suppose Glisan
and Sterne both belong to it. Glisan returned to-day from a a [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] K.N. gathering at Syracuse where it
is said there were 1700 gathered. Suppose they are marshaling their strength
for the Presidential Contest. — This has been Valentine week and we have had a
considerable run in the trade; but having a few left over thought I would send
the girls one if it did come late. Have not heard from uncle Israel in some
time. I believe Lucy told me when she was here last summer that Ansel Warren’s
mother and sister (Mrs Eaton) were keeping house for him — that old Mr. Warren
was dead. Nothing special in religious matters here; elder Kingsley, the
Baptist minister, has bought and fitted up the old Cushing place and expects to
move there this spring. Alford Stoddard owns the place you left here. Business
is pretty good here tho’ money is scarce. Several new dwelling houses are going
up the coming season, and I expect there will be a new Bank started here. I
shall continue to send you the Censor from which you will get most of the local
news, which will save me the time of writing. But you must write often. I
should like to come out there and see<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>you,
and if our lives are spared two or three years longer I think we shall do so.
Wife and I have this week been sitting for our Degerreotypes — had four taken
of each — one for each of our children and one to send to Syracuse. Should like
to send one to you and Lucy — perhaps we will by and by. You see now I am not
in your debt for a long letter. Wife sends a great deal of love. Lucy too, and
says her aunt Eliza must fulfil her threat to write a long letter. Adieu.
H.C.Frisbee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-40128036378636764242014-02-04T10:37:00.001-08:002014-02-04T10:37:04.798-08:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dunkirk’s Neighborhood Groceries<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The following are historical summaries of selected neighborhood
“corner stores,” i.e. the confectionaries, meat counters, ice cream parlors, fruit
markets, and small groceries as found in Dunkirk’s city directories from the
late 19<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> century through the mid-20<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> century. Most of
the historical summaries begin with 1912, but in some cases, earlier
directories have also been consulted. There are gaps in the historical
summaries where no directory was available or where a directory was skipped in
order to focus on more recent entries. Listings are in numerical order by
today’s street addresses. Many photos of existing buildings are courtesy of
Diane Andrasik, and others are courtesy of Google Maps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The confectionary of Mrs. Victoria B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Luczkowiak</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">5
Middle Road</i> from 1925 through 1944, but the building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The business at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">7
Saint Hedwig </i>was listed in the 1925 City Directory as “soft drinks” in the
name of Rudolph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Worosz</b>. In 1930, it
was listed as vacant, but then it was listed from 1935 through 1953 as the
Rudolph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Worosz</b> grocery. In 1955 and
1956, it was listed under Stanley A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dudek</b>
as a grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">9 St. Hedwig</i>. From
1957 through 1959, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dudek</b> was listed
with a home address at 7 and a grocery at 9. In 1961 and 1962, the Stanley A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dudek</b> grocery was listed at 7, but in
1963, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dudek’s</b> grocery was listed
under Mrs. Ann M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dudek</b>. That
listing continued through 1965, and then in 1966, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Worosz</b> Grocery was listed at 7 under Pauline <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Worosz</b>, and in 1972, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Worosz</b>
Grocery was listed at 7 under Louise <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Worosz</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">12
Webster</i> in 1904 under Francis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nowicki</b>.
In 1906, the listing was F. L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nowicki</b>.
Then the listing was under Francis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nowicki</b>
again from 1907 through 1941. From 1944 through 1948, the listing was under
Felix R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pakulski</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">19 Wright Street</i>,
the P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kaiser</b> saloon was listed in
1912, and the C. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benn</b> saloon was
listed in 1917. In 1923, it was listed as the Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pusateri</b> soft drinks establishment, and from 1930 through 1948 as
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pusateri</b> Brothers groceries and
meats. In 1951 it was listed as the Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pusateri</b>
grocery and in 1961 as the United Market. In 2013, a grocery was next door at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">17 Wright Street</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">21 East
Doughty Street</i> was listed in the name of Adam <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rock</b> from 1935 through 1961. In 1962, it was listed simply as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rock’s</b> Grocery. From 1963 through 1980,
it was listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rak’s</b> Grocery in
the names of Joseph and Mrs. Eleanor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rak</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">22 East
Courtney Street</i> was listed in 1923 under Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Azuct</b>, and from 1925 through 1930 under Chas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ozuct</b>. From 1935 through 1955, it was listed under John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Purol</b>, from 1956 through 1959 under
Mrs. Frances <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Purol</b>, and from 1961
through 1963 under <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">White’s</b> Grocery
and Meats.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">22 Lucas
Avenue</i> from 1941 through 1944 was the (Anthony) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Petz</b> Delicatessen. From 1946 through 1948, it was listed as the
Lewis E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gammon</b> Delicatessen, and
then from 1951 through 1953 it was the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gammon’s</b>
Self Service Grocery. Sometime prior to 1958, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">22 Lucas Avenue</i> became a private home again, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gammon’s</b> Grocery moved across the
street, where it remained in operation through 1968.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Located on the site of a former railroad freight station, a
grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">23 Marsden Street</i> was
listed from 1923 through 1935 under Wm. H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Udy</b>,
and from 1938 through 1941 in the name of Mrs. Clara <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Udy</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">25
Benton Street</i> was listed from 1925 through 1951 in the name of Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zep</b>. From 1942 through 1961, it was
listed under Andrew A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zepp</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">25 East Third
Street</i>, the clothier Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ianne</b>
had a shop listing from 1912 through 1915. The shop was listed as vacant in
1917, and in 1923, the confectioner Jeffie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goskova</b>
was listed. In 1930 it was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnston’s</b>
Music House, but from 1935 through 1961, the John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Patti</b> grocery was listed here. In 1969 it was Josephine’s Grocery.
This building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">26 East
Courtney</i> was listed in 1923 under Wm. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Michalak</b>,
but from 1925 through 1938 the listing was Wm. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Michalak</b> dry goods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">29 East Third
Street</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">31 East Third Street</i>,
H. P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lally</b> & Co. was listed as
a grocery with “furniture, etc.” in 1915. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Quinlan</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brockman</b>
meat market was listed there in 1925, along with the Empire Billiard Parlor.
From 1930 through 1938, the Singer Sewing Machine Co. was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">29</i>, but from 1940 through 1948, the H.
A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kozlowski</b> sign shop was listed at
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">29</i> and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MacKendrick’s</b> confectionary at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">31</i>.
In 1949, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">29</i> was a private home, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mackendrick’s</b> confectionary was still
listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">31</i>. In 1953, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">31</i> was Vince’s confectionary, but by
1955 it was Vince’s Restaurant. From 1956 through 1963, it was Walt’s Men’s
Toggery. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">30 East
Courtney</i> was listed from 1912 through 1930 under Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Przybycien</b>, from 1935 through 1948 under Mrs. Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Przybycien</b>, in 1949 under Thomas F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Przybycien</b>, and from 1951 through 1964
under Tommy’s Market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery store at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">35
Genet Street</i> was listed in 1915 under J. F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pogorzelski</b>. From 1917 through 1930, it was listed under Joseph F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pogorzelski</b>, and from 1931 through 1946
under Mrs. Edna <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pogorzelski</b>. From
1948 through 1964, it was listed under Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Porgorzelski</b>. In 1965 and 1966, it was listed under Mrs. Betty <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fafinski</b>, and although there was no
listing in 1967, it was listed as the delicatessen of Mrs. Betty <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fafinski</b> in 1968. In 1969, it was
listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kubera’s</b> delicatessen,
then from 1972 through 1974 as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kubera</b>
Grocery. In 1976, it was listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kubera’s</b>
Meat Market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A vacant store was listed at <i>37 East Doughty Street</i>
in 1915, although it may never have been a grocery. By 1930, the Joseph <b>Naruszewicz</b>
soft drink parlor was listed here. His restaurant was listed here from 1935
through 1948. Then from 1949 through 1969, it was the S. J. <b>Szczerbacki</b>
restaurant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">39 West
Sixth Street</i> was listed as the Russell <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mancuso</b>
grocery from 1935 through 1938. It was listed from 1940 through 1959 as “The
Pantry,” and from 1961 through 1964 as “The Pantry, Anthony J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mancuso</b>, grocery and meats.” There was
no listing in 1965, but in 1966, it was listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Coniglio’s</b> Grocery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The market at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">39 West
Third Street</i> was listed from 1923 through 1925 as the Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gullo</b> grocery, then in 1930 as the John
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gullo</b> grocery. From 1935 through
1965, it was the John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woods</b> grocery.
Then from 1968 through 1979, it was listed as the John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woods</b> antique shop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery store was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">40 Armadillo Street</i> in 1906 and 1907 in the name of Martin A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Marmurowicz</b>. It was listed under
Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grzegerzewski</b> from 1909
through 1917. From 1923 through 1940, it was listed under Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sobkowski</b>, and from 1941 through 1961,
under John A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sobkowski</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There was a fish market at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">40 Lakeshore Drive East</i> from at least 1912. From that date through
1951, it was the T. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Desmond</b> and
C. W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Desmond</b> establishment, also
known as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Desmond</b> Fish Co. After
1955, there is no <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">40 Lakeshore Drive East</i>
listed in the city directories at all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The confectionary of Mrs. Charlotte <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bartkowiak</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">42
Middle Road</i> in 1938. From 1941 through 1944, the candy shop was listed
under Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kopyszka</b>. In 1946, it
was listed under Anthony J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Szukala</b>,
confectioner. The shop was listed as a grocery operated by Mrs. Florence <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Szukala</b> from 1961 through 1963.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">42 North Roberts
Road</i>, the Anthony <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dziedzic</b>
grocery was listed in 1925, the John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pokoj</b>
grocery in 1938, and the Mrs. Helen M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dziedzic</b>
grocery from 1940 through 1944. From 1946 through 1955, the Edward <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dziedzic</b> grocery was listed here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1935 through 1951, the Edw. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greder</b> grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">43
Lakeshore Drive East</i>. In 1961, the City Shirt Laundry was there, and in
1968, the Aluminum Contractors of Dunkirk had the building. It no longer
exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">43
Ruggles Street</i> was listed from 1923 through 1938 under Leo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ricotta</b>, and from 1940 through 1956
under Mrs. Frances <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ricotta</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">48 East
Fifth Street</i> was constructed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flanagan’s</b>
Grocery and was listed as such from 1912 through 1915, then as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b> Liquor co. in 1917. From 1923
through 1925, it was a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flickinger</b>
grocery store, but it was vacant in 1930. From 1935 through 1944, it was listed
as the Sarah E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mitchell</b> grocery,
then from 1946 through 1951 as the Mrs. Sarah E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Enserro</b> grocery. In 1961, it was listed only as a private home, but
from 1977 through 1983, it was listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Romeo’s</b>
Market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery or general store was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">49 East Courtney</i> from 1904 through 1917
under the name of Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rutkowski</b>.
In 1925, Stephen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kalfas</b> was listed
with “soft drinks” at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">49-1/2 East
Courtney</i>. Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wojnarowski</b>
was listed here with a shoe store from 1923 through 1930, and in 1940 and 1941,
the listing was under the grocery of Mrs. Anna W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wojnarowski</b>. 1946 through 1948 listed the confectioner Jos. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Skubis</b> here. In 1951, the delicatessen
of Mrs. Dorothy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jelonek</b> was here,
and in 1961 it was listed as Belle’s Ice Cream Bar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Although it may always have served as a tavern and not as a
grocery store, the commercial building at <i>49 East Doughty Street</i> was
listed as the soft drink parlor of Mrs. Mary <b>Strychalski</b> from 1925
through 1930. From 1935 through 1944, she was listed with a restaurant at this
address. From 1946 through 1974, the listing was under the Joseph <b>Strychalski</b>
restaurant, and afterward, <b>Strychalski’s</b> Bar, locally known as Strike’s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery and meats store at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">51 Benton Street</i> was operated in 1912 by Michael <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gostomski</b>. In 1915 it was listed as
Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kowalski</b>, grocery and meats.
It was vacant in 1917, but from 1923 through 1951, the Mathias <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wincenciak</b> grocery was listed there. In
1961, it was a private home, but the building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">51 East Courtney</i>,
the grocery of Stanislaus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wolanin</b>
was listed in 1900. From 1902 through 1906, the listing was under William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Michalak</b>. In 1907 and 1909, it was
under Leon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nowicki</b>. From 1910
through 1917, the grocery was listed under Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Adamski</b>. In 1923 it was listed as the White Eagle Bakery under
Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borowinski</b>, and in 1925, the
baker Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borowinski</b> was listed
there again. From 1935 through 1983, the White Eagle Bakery was listed here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1912 through 1917, a shop and offices were listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">53 East Third Street</i>, and in 1923 it was
a vacant store, but in 1930, the Joe <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Missini</b>
fruit market was listed here. The George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Valone</b>
grocery was listed here by 1941, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Valone’s</b> grocery was listed here from
1941 through 1949. Then the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Valone</b>
Market was listed there from 1949 through 1961. From 1962 through 1969, it was
listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Valone’s</b> Foods, Inc., but
there was no listing from 1972 through 1974. From 1976 through 1983, the “Meat
Counter” was listed there under William J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Watson</b>.
This building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Although it’s been a private home since 1940, there was once
a grocery and meat market at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">55 East
Courtney Street</i>, listed in 1940 under Frank P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sell</b>. From 1904 through 1906, the George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rosmus</b> shoe store was listed at that address, and in 1907 he was
listed as a shoemaker with a general store. In 1909 the store was listed as his
dry goods, boots, and shoes. The Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cionecki</b>
dry goods and shoe store was listed here from 1910 through 1915, then the shoe
repair shop of John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kolinusecki</b>. In
1923, Anthony <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frankiewicz</b> (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Franckjewicz</b>) was listed with dry goods
and shoes here, and then just with dry goods in 1925. Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kozlowski</b> had dry goods here in 1930,
but Anthony <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frankiewicz</b> was listed
as a confectioner here in 1935.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There was no listing for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">55
East Doughty Street</i> in 1915, but from 1925 through 1941, the Anthony <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frankiewicz</b> confectionary was listed
here. In 1949, only a private home was listed under that number. From 1951
through 1953, Stan’s Sporting Goods was listed here. From 1961 onward, only a
private home was listed under this number.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">No longer existing, the building at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">57 West Fifth Street</i> was listed in 1912 through 1915 as the John E.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> grocery. In 1917 it was the
Serv-us Pure Food Store, and from 1923 through 1935, a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flickinger</b> store. From 1938 through 1946, it was the John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> grocery and meats, in 1948 the
Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> grocery, and in 1951
the John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> grocery again. In
1961 it was the Sun Rise Food Market, and then from 1977 through 1983 it was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Feser’s</b> Plumbing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Lake City Fish Co. was listed in 1925 at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">58 Lakeshore Drive West</i>, then known as
62 Front Street. From 1941 through 1944, the Lake City Fish Co. was still
listed there, now with the new address. Both addresses had disappeared by 1946.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">59 Railroad Avenue</i>
(today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Franklin Avenue</i>), there was
a grocery in 1930 listed under Pasquale <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morrone</b>.
From 1935 through 1944, it was listed under Mrs. Vincenza <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morrone</b>, but the building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 1898 John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dailey</b>,
a carpenter, had been listed at the newly erected house at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">60 East Courtney Street</i>, the only house between Townsend and South
Roberts. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dailey</b> later disappeared
from the records there<span style="color: #1f497d;">.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">60 East Courtney Street</i> was listed from 1910 through 1925 under
Leon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nowacki</b>, and in 1930 under Jos.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grzegorzewski</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery store at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">61
East Courtney Street</i> was listed under Michael <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borowski</b> at 59 East Courtney in 1902, then from 1904 through 1915
under <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">61 East Courtney</i> and Michael <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borowski</b> as a general store and meat
market. From 1917 through 1948 the listing was under Mrs. Frances <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borowski</b>, from 1949 through 1954 under
Chester <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borowski</b>, and from 1956
through 1983 under <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borowski’s</b> Red
& White Store.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">63
E. Seventh Street</i> from 1923 through 1925 under Wm. F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Denson</b>. In 1930, it was listed under Dominick <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crino</b>, and in 1935 under Wm M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Erbin</b>,
and in 1938 under Mrs. Grace <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crino</b>.
Then it was listed from 1940 through 1954 under Dominick <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crino</b> again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery once stood at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">65
E. Third Street </i>and was listed from 1935 through 1953 under Dominick <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Valvo</b>. From 1954 through 1959, it was
listed as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Valvo</b> Grocery. This
building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1912 through 1915, a vacant store was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">67 East Third Street</i>, and in 1917, the
American Tailoring Co. was there. In 1923, the Isidor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Haber</b> ladies’ ready-to-wear was there, and in 1930, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">LeBar</b> Bros. barbers. However, from 1935
through 1959, the Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Messina</b>
grocery was listed there. From 1961 through 1969, it was the Mrs. Mary A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Messina</b> grocery. This building no
longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Although the building at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">75
East Third Street</i> no longer exists, at least as early as 1912 it was a meat
market. From that year through 1941, it was listed under John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mauthe</b>. From 1948 through 1958, it was
listed as the meat market of John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mauthe</b>
& Sons. In 1959 it was listed as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Castle</b>
Food Market. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Boorady</b> Bookstore
was listed there from 1961 through 1972, and soon afterward, the building
disappeared.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">77 East Doughty
Street</i>, the Alex J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Papierski</b>
confectionary was listed from 1925 through 1953. A print shop was listed here
from 1961 through 1993.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">82 Maple Avenue</i>
(N.Y.S. Route 60), a grocery was listed from 1935 through 1951 under Jos. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Noto</b>. By 1961, however, it was a
private home, and then for a short time <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tederous</b>
Liquors. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery at <i>93 East Fourth Street</i> was listed as the
Andrew <b>Rapp</b> meat market in 1935, and then as the meat market of Mrs.
Clara B. <b>Rapp</b> from 1938 through 1951. From 1953 through 1969, the shop
was listed as Mrs. Clara B. <b>Rapp’s</b> candy store. The building disappeared
during the next decade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery store at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">94
East Second Street</i> was listed in 1910 in the name of James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carlo</b>. From 1912 through 1935, it was
listed under George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jarvis</b>. From
1938 through 1941, it was listed under Anthony <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Polito</b>. It was listed as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jarvis</b>
Grocery from 1944 through 1969. In 1972, it was listed as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Colon</b> Grocery, and in 1974 as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DeJesus</b> Grocery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">99 Lincoln Avenue</i>,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Walker’s</b> IXL Celebrated Ice Cream
shop was listed in 1925. In 1930, A. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kornprobst</b>
was listed as an ice cream manufacturer here. In 1935, it was the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hill</b>-Mill Ice Cream Co., and from 1938
through 1941, it was the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rich</b> Ice
Cream Co. From 1944 onward, it was listed as a private home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 1941, the confectionary of Thaddeus S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Setera</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">100 East Doughty Street</i>. From 1949
through 1963, Mary’s Soda Bar was listed here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At approximately <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">100
East Second Street</i> the grocery of Peter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Incavo</b> was listed from 1935 through 1940. From 1941 through 1948,
the directories listed it under Peter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ingavo</b>,
but in 1949 the listing was corrected to Peter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Incavo</b> again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">102
Main Street</i> (formerly Lion Street) was listed from 1912 through 1923 under
the name of Philip <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aguglia</b>, who also
operated a barber shop there. It was listed as the Philip <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aguglia</b> grocery from 1925 through 1935. From 1940 through 1949, it
was listed as the Harbor Diner grocery, and in 1951 as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harrington’s</b> Grocery. It was later a private home, then a second
hand store. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">106
Pine Street</i> under the name of Michl <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dziduch</b>
from 1923 through 1965.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">107 King Street</i>,
the Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schrantz</b> grocery was
listed from 1925 through 1963. From 1968 through 1979, the listing was under
the grocery of Mildred M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schrantz</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The former grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">110
Franklin Avenue</i> (formerly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Railroad
Avenue</i>) was a saloon by at least 1912, and was listed under Paul <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kaiser</b> from that year through 1915. In
1925, it was listed as a confectionary under Mrs. Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sparks</b>. From 1930 through 1935, it was listed as the grocery of
Archie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sparks</b>. Then in 1938 after
Archie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sparks</b> had moved to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">112</i>, Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Snyder</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">110</i>
and remained there through 1955. In 1956 and 1957, it was listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conley’s</b> Market. Afterward, it was a
residence, but the building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">110 Lincoln Avenue</i>,
a Red & White grocery store was listed in 1940. It may have been listed as
a store under different names and a different address at earlier times. From
1941 through 1944, it was the Lucy A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
grocery. From 1946 through 1963, it was the John A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kolassa</b> grocery. From 1977 through 1983, it was Dee’s Bridal Shop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Walker</b>
Creamery Products establishment was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">112 East Fourth Street</i> from 1915 through 1935. From 1941 through
1963, it was listed as a confectionary under <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark’s</b> Dairy Bar. It was a later a tile and marble shop, a
newsstand, and a restaurant. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The confectionary of Archie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sparks</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">112
Franklin Avenue</i> from 1938 through 1941. Before and afterward, this address
was listed as a private home only. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">112 Main
Street</i> (formerly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lion Street</i>) was
listed from 1923 through 1930 under Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conti</b>.
It was vacant in 1935, but from 1938 through 1940, it was listed as the
Nicholas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam</b> fruit market. In 1941,
Dave <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andin</b> was listed with the fruit
market. From 1946 through 1951, it was the Roy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Addington</b> liquor store, from 1955 through 1961 it was the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lesandro</b> liquor store, and in 1963 it
was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">O’Malia’s</b> liquor store. In 1968
the shop was listed as the El Colmadito grocery, and in 1969 as the La Favorita
grocery. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">114 Lincoln Avenue</i>,
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wells</b> Fish Market was listed
from 1938 through 1941. The building was the Lincoln Beauty Shop from 1946
through 1948. By 1953, it has become a private home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">115 Lakeshore Drive
East,</i> the grocery of Ralph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dolce</b>
was listed from 1940 through 1946. In 1948, the listing was under Anthony <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Giordana</b>. From 1949 through 1958, the
grocery was listed under Arth. A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hamernik</b>.
In 1959, there was a listing under Anthony A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Banach</b>, and in 1961, there was a listing under Dave’s Superette.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The very interesting building at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">121 West Second Street</i> was listed from
1925 through 1941 as the Aug. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wolfe</b>
meat market. However, the building was probably a commercial enterprise long before
1925, but under a different street address.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">123 Central Avenue</i>,
the Julius <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mayer</b> piano store was
listed at least from the year 1912. From 1925 through 1944, however, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Drewes</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ahrens</b> wholesale confectionary was located here. From 1946 through
1976, the Lake City Sales Co. was listed as a wholesale confectionary here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There was a fruit market at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">123 Lakeshore Drive East</i>, listed under Frank L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chicoski</b> from 1938 through 1946. The
building was later a private home, and later replaced by a self service
laundry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed from 1925 through 1930 at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">123 Lakeshore Drive West</i> under the name
of Earl <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Baldwin</b>, but the address was
then known as 93 West Front Street. From 1935 through 1946, the listing was
under Earl <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Baldwin</b> at the new
address. From 1948 through 1954, the store was listed under Russell <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Augrum</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1935 through 1980, a grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">129 East Second Street</i> under Casimir A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Marmurowicz</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1930 through 1948, the Rosario <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Garigall</b> grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">139
Maple Avenue</i>. From 1951 through 1969, the grocery of Mrs. Angelo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Garigall</b> was listed here. The building
no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">For about two decades, a grocery store was located at
today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">145 West Second Street</i>. In
1925, it was listed as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flickinger</b>
Store, in 1944 as the Frederik R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rosing</b>
grocery, and in 1946 as the Orville <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Butcher</b>
grocery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Szczerbacki</b>
groceries and meats store was located at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">160
Lake Shore Drive East</i> from 1935 through 1940. In 1941 it was listed only as
his grocery, and from 1944 through 1946 as his confectionary. In 1948, Mary’s
Beauty Shop was listed there, and in 1951 it was Russ and Mary’s Fruit Market.
However from 1961 through 1974, the Dunkirk Tastee Freez was listed there. The
building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery of Timothy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sullivan</b>
was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">161 Lincoln Avenue</i> from
1912 through 1917. In 1923 through 1940, it was listed as the grocery of Mrs.
Amelia J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sullivan</b>, and from 1941
through 1946, it was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sullivan’s</b>
Market with groceries and meats. From 1948 through 1961, it was listed as the
grocery of Nicholas J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strefeler</b>. By
1977, it was listed as a Kung Fu Club, and by 1979 as vacant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed under Nicholas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sobkowski</b> at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">166 Lakeshore
Drive East</i> from 1900 through 1930, when the address was still known as 130
East Front Street. From 1935 through 1941, Nicholas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sobkowski</b> was still listed here, but the numbering had been changed
to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">166 Lakeshore Drive East</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">183 East Second
Street</i>, the S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grezegorzewski</b>
grocery was listed from 1923 through 1925. Some listings thereafter were: Carl <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Switalski</b> grocery (1930), Adelbert <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tuczynski</b> grocery and meats (1935),
Mrs. Hattie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tuczynski</b> grocery and
meats (1938 – 1959), Edwin A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tucsynski</b>
grocery (1961), Rainbow Inn (1974).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">190 Lakeshore Drive
East</i>, a grocery was listed under Cornelius <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stumm</b> from 1887 through 1912, when the address was known as 4 Lake
Road. In 1915, Mrs. S. C. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stumm</b> was
listed with the store. In 1917, the listing was for the National Grocery
Company. From 1923 through 1930, Michl J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Panowicz</b>
was listed with the grocery. He was listed again from 1935 through 1959, after
the re-numbering from 4 Lake Road to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">190
Lakeshore Drive East</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The A & P market located at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">196 Lakeshore Drive East</i> was listed from 1930 through 1938, and
known as 6 Lake Road in the early years. The Robert E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kuehn</b> grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">196 Lakeshore
Drive East</i> appeared only in the 1940 directory, but in the same directory,
the Lincoln Market was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">198 Lakeshore
Drive East</i>. In 1941, the grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">198</i>
was listed under Anthony M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Koscinszko</b>.
In 1941, the fruit market of A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam</b>
& Sons was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">196</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">201 King
Street</i> (southwest corner of King and Doughty Streets), a vacant store was
listed from 1912 through 1917, and it was then numbered as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>. In 1917, only a private home was listed there, and from 1923
through 1930, there was nothing listed as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>.
However, in 1935, the Thos. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Douglas</b>
grocery was listed as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>. In 1938,
it was the Harry G. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Orcutt</b> grocery,
and in 1940 and 1941 it was the Walter L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Orcutt</b>
grocery. In 1944, the New York Central roundhouse was listed at 181 King,
Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Golubski</b> was at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">205</i> King, John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maternowski</b> was at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>
King, but there was no grocery listed. In 1946, Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Golubski</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">205</i>
King and the Walter L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Orcutt</b>
grocery was listed without a number, and John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maternowski</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>.
In 1948, the same people were listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">205</i>
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>, and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Orcutt</b> grocery was listed as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">201</i>.
In 1949, when the roundhouse still existed, the same people were listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">205</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>, and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Golubski</b>
Food Market was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">201</i>. In
1951, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brogard</b> Iron Works had
replaced the roundhouse, the same people were listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">205</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">207</i>, and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Golubski</b> Food Market was still listed as
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">201</i>. In 1953, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Golubski</b> Food Market was still there,
and the numbering sequence along King Street was still (from north to south)
205, then 201, then 207.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">203 Swan Street</i>
(sometimes listed as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">201 Swan Street</i>),
the Sebastian <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Valentine</b> grocery was
listed from 1917 through 1961. It was listed as the T. & S. Market in 1972,
and it was listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rio’s</b> Market
from 1974 through 1983.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The historic building at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">206
Main Street </i>was the Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lehner</b>
meat market at least by 1912 and at least through 1915. In 1925 it was listed
as the Nicholas P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schrantz</b> meat
market and remained under that listing through 1959. In 1961 only a private
residence was listed here, but the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schlichter</b>
bicycle shop was listed here from 1963 through 1979.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">210 Lincoln Avenue</i>,
the Henry G. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schlade</b> & Co.
grocers were listed from 1912 through 1915. In 1917, the listing was under
grocers H. G. and F. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schlade</b>.
From 1923 through 1935 the listing was under <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flickingers</b>. In 1938, it was Lucy A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>, groceries and meats. In 1940, the listing was under Red
& White Store No. 1, but in 1941, it was Lucy A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>, groceries. Only a private home was listed here in 1944, but
from 1946 through 1949, the Market Basket was listed here. In 1951, the listing
was under <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swanson’s</b> Market Basket grocery.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was operated at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">216 Central</i> at least from 1912 through 1941 as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heyl’s</b> Grocery. The address was listed as part of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heyl</b> Block from 1944 through 1961, and
as late as 1977, Andrews Home Furnishings was listed here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">216 Lakeshore Drive
West</i>, fisherman Jos. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Antol</b>
resided in 1941, and Russell J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Incavo</b>
had an upholstery shop in his home next door. From 1944 through 1951, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">216 Lakeshore Drive West</i> was used by the
R. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Incavo</b> grocery and upholstery
enterprise. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Incavo’s</b> Grocery Store
was still listed at 216 in 1979, one of the longest surviving family groceries
in the city.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">235 Lake Shore
Drive East</i>, the Jos. W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Supkoski</b>
groceries and meats store was listed from 1935 through 1940. From 1941 through
1960, it was listed as the Chester J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Supkoski</b>
grocery store, and from 1961 through 1974 as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Supkoski’s</b> Market. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The bakery of Jos. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Knasiak</b>
was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">241 Lakeshore Drive East</i>
from at least 1912. In 1925, it was the Adam <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mosniak</b> bakery, and from 1930 through 1979, it was the Quality
Bakery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">245
Lakeshore Drive East</i> in the directories of 1902 through 1909 under the name
of Andrew J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rutkowski</b>. The address
was then known as 43 Lake Road. From 1910 through 1917, it was listed under
Martin <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Politowski</b>. From 1923 through
1930, the listing was Marion <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Politkowski</b>.
From 1935 through 1941 it was again Marion <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Politkowski</b>,
but the address had changed from 43 Lake Road to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">245 Lakeshore Drive East</i>. Marion <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Politkowski</b> was still listed as a resident at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">245</i> in the 1953 directory. The Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lokietek</b> restaurant was next door at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">243</i>, and the Quality Bakery was two doors away at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">241</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fafinski</b>
grocery store was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">250 Townsend
Street</i> from 1915 through 1923. From 1925 through 1965, Ignatius <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fafinski</b> was listed with the store. In
1966, the listing was Mrs. Betty J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fafinski</b>,
and from 1967 through 1969, the listing was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fafinski’s</b> Grocery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The soft drink parlor of John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Marek</b> was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">253
Franklin Avenue</i> from 1930 through 1941. Before and afterward, it was listed
as private home only.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">253 Lakeshore Drive
East</i>, the Jos. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hutchins</b> fruit
market was listed from 1940 through 1944. The building was a private home for a
short time afterward, but was later demolished for a gasoline and service
station, which operated there from 1963 through at least 1979.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1941 through 1944, the A. P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Siembieda</b> confectionary was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">255 Lakeshore Drive East</i>, the place where the John F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miehl</b> print shop had been listed in
1935. In 1946, the confectionary of A. P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sieme</b>
was listed here, but in 1948 and thereafter, the building was listed as a
private home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Matthew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lipka</b>
grocery store was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">272 Lakeshore
Drive East</i> from 1938 through 1944, and in 1953, he was still listed as a
resident there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">301 Lake Shore
Drive East</i>, the East End Market was listed as a groceries and meats store
from 1938 through 1951.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">302
Lakeshore Drive East</i> in 1902 under Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lewandowski</b>, when the address was known as 88 Lake Road East. From
1904 through 1923, Michael <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wojcinski</b>
was listed with the grocery here. From 1925 through 1930, John A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Golubski</b> was listed with the grocery,
when the numbering was 90 Lake Road East. From 1935 through 1958, John A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Golubski</b> was listed again with the
store, but the numbering was then 302 Lakeshore Drive East.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The historic grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">303
Robin Street</i> was listed from 1887 through 1909 under Fred <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schutt</b>, and in 1910 as the West Side
Grocery under J. E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>. From 1912
through 1923, the listing was Fred <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schutt</b>
again. From 1925 through 1944, Mrs. Nellie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hurley</b>
was listed with the store. From 1946 through 1948, it was George R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ingham</b>, in 1949 it was Mrs. Regina <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kittell</b>, and in 1951, it was Clarence
E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Erbin</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">312
Lake Shore Drive East</i> was originally known as 100 Lake Road and listed from
1923 through 1941 under the name of Frank V. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bonkowski</b>. In 1938 and 1940, it was listed as the Arrowhead Store,
a grocery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The well known Candyland confectionary operated from at
least 1925 through 1961 at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">318 Central
Avenue</i>. Prior to 1915, the millinery of Mrs. C. O <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Schauer</b> had operated here, and from 1963 through 1979, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Leed’s</b> Jewelers was listed here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">322 Central Avenue</i>,
the Wm. V. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> bakery existed at
the time of the 1887 city directory. From 1889 through 1909, the bakery of Mrs.
Louisa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> was listed there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The grocery at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">327
Lakeshore Drive East</i> was moved from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">396
Lakeshore Drive East</i> in 1946 by its owner Casimer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn</b>. The saloon of A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nievolock</b>
was listed here in 1915. In 1941, it had been listed as the confectionary of
Mrs. Frances <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Niewolak</b>. The house can
still be seen in the 21<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span></sup> century at the back of and attached to the
market enclosure. From 1946 through 1953, the store was listed under Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn</b>. In 1954 and 1955, it was
listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn’s</b> Red & White
Store, in 1956 as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn’s</b> Red
& White Supermarket, from 1957 through 1963 as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn’s</b> Giant Co-op Market, and from 1964 through 1969 as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn’s</b> Super Market. From 1972
through 1974, it was Bob’s Market, in 1976 and 1977 it was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Farner</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Parker</b>, and from
1979 through 1981 it was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Farner</b>
& <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Parker</b> Dairy & Convenience
Store. In 1983 it was listed at Quik-Stop Food Market, and in 1993 as Quik-Stop
Food Market with Craig A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Marx</b> as
manager.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The building once standing at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">327 Main Street</i> (formerly Lion Street) was a Guarantee Store at
least by 1912, then in 1915 the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Amos</b>
& <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heald</b> 5 & 10 store, and
then in 1925 the ladies’ store of Isadore <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Haber</b>.
By 1930, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Haber’s</b> store had moved
to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">325</i>, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">327</i> was vacant. However, from 1938 through 1963, the Supreme Bakery
was listed there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332 Main Street</i>
(then known as Lion Street), the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mangus</b>
Co. was listed in 1915, but by 1925, the street numbers from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">330</i> through <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i> were listed as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barone</b>
Bros. meats and groceries, with the restaurant of Mrs. Alice <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hall</b> at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i> ½ Main Street. From 1938 through 1941, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keilen’s</b> Ice Cream Bar was listed here, then from 1944 through
1946, the Ruth J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rosenbach</b>
confectionary (with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Higg’s</b> Radio
Shop at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i> ½). From 1949 through
1951, it was the R. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rosenbach</b>
confectionary (with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fisher’s</b> Taxi at
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i> ½). Ruth’s Coffee Shop was listed
in 1954 (with a Taxi and Barber Shop at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i>
½). Bing’s Coffee Shop was listed here in 1955 and 1956 (with the Taxi and
Barber Shop at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i> ½). From 1961
through 1969, the listings were the Triangle Restaurant at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i>, and Jack’s Barber Shop at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">332</i>
½. The Barber Shop continued through at least 1974, but the restaurant did not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 1896 the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tarbox</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goulding</b> meat market was listed
at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">335 Central Avenue</i>. By 1912, it was
the D. E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gurney</b> bakery. In 1915, it
was the Conrad <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Link</b> bakery, and from
1925 through 1951, it was the Dunkirk Home Bakery. From 1963 through 1967, it
was the Central Avenue Bakery. From 1968 through 1972, the Westfield Home
Bakery was there. The number disappeared after 1977.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">337 Main Street</i>
(formerly Lion Street), a vacant store was listed in 1912, the Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miller</b> stationery store in 1915, and
the Nick <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> restaurant in 1925.
The Federal Bakery was listed there from 1930 through 1946, and then the
Federal Bakery and Smoke Shop in 1948. From 1949 through 1954, a record shop
and smoke shop were listed there, then a long vacancy, and then an Army Surplus
store (1961) and a Salvation Army thrift shop (1968 through 1976). The building
no longer exits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Gratiot Hotel featured store fronts at the street level,
and from 1938 through 1944, the Corner News Shop also operated as a
confectionary there under the address of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">353
Central Avenue</i>. From 1941 through 1949, the Fanny Farmer Candy shop
operated in the same building, but under the address of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">343 Central Avenue</i>. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grzegorzewski</b>
groceries and meats store was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">363
Lakeshore Drive East</i> from 1935 through 1941, and the Raymond <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gregory</b> grocery was listed here from
1944 through 1951.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery was listed at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">396 Lakeshore Drive East</i> in 1930 as 178 Lake Road under Casimer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn</b>. In 1935 it had been
renumbered to today’s listing, and through 1944 the listing was under Casimer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn</b>. By 1946, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fedyszyn</b> store had moved to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">327 Lakeshore Drive East</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">415 Main Street</i>
(then known as Lion Street), the Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Petz</b>
grocery was listed at least from 1912 through 1923. It was the Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Petz</b> fruit market from 1925 through
1941. From 1944 through 1954, the fruit market of Mrs. Gertrude L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Petz</b> was listed there, and from 1955
through 1977, the fruit market of Nellie M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Petz</b> was listed. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The National Grocery Co. was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">417 South Main Street</i> from 1917 through 1925. From 1930 through
1951, it was listed as the Chas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fenar</b>
grocery. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">422 Main Street</i>
(formerly Lion Street), the Charles J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pfleeger</b>
confectionary was listed in 1915. It was listed again under his name in 1925,
but under the address of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">420 Main Street</i>.
In 1930, the number had changed again, to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">424
Main Street</i>, and the listing was the O. F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phillips</b> confectionary. In 1941, it was the Orren <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phillips</b> confectionary. The building no
longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1935 through 1940, the Rosario <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lupino</b> grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">429
(South) Main Street</i>. From 1941 through 1944, the grocery of Mrs. Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lupino</b> was listed there. The
confectioner Jos. A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gugino</b> was
listed there from 1946 through 1951. Prior to 1930, the store front had been
listed as the J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cortese</b> barber shop
(1912), the office of the Dunkirk Laundry Co. (1915), the shoe repair shop of
A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cortese</b> and the tailor shop of W.
H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gibbs</b> (1917), the shoe repair
shop of Anthony <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cortese</b> (1923), and
the Dunkirk Radio Service shop (1930). The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">433 Main Street</i>
a tire store was listed in 1930, but in 1935, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Larkin</b> Store was listed as a grocery there. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Danahy-Faxon</b> grocery was listed there
from 1940 through 1951. The building no longer exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Today’s<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> 435 Woodrow</i>
was listed as the Chas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Siebert</b>
grocery. There was no listing in 1938, but then it was listed as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Siebert’s</b> Grocery in 1940. From 1941
through 1967, it was listed as the Sylvester <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Karabin</b> grocery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">439 Main Street</i>,
Henry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Weimer’s</b> saloon was listed
from 1912 through 1915, and the Five Point Saloon was listed in 1917. However,
in 1923 during Prohibition, Carmelo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Patti</b>
was listed with soft drinks there. From 1930 through 1940, the A & P
grocery was there. It was listed as the Carmelo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Patti</b> grocery from 1941 through 1969. The building no longer
exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A grocery at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">525 Main
Street</i> was listed from 1930 through 1940 under Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lema</b>. From 1941 through 1949, the listing said Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lima</b>. In 1951 it was Jos. P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgan</b>. The business began as Rose
Fruit Market, operated in the second half of the twentieth century as Mary’s
Deli by Mary Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Russo</b>, daughter of
Samuel and Rose (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Salemi</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lima</b>, and her family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Montgomery</b>
grocery was listed in 1915 at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">539 Deer
Street</i>. In 1925, it was the Quality Cash Store. In 1930, the listing was
under the grocery of Mrs. A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Scheyer</b>,
and in 1935 under the grocery of Chas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Siebert</b>.
From 1938 through 1940, the listing was Deer Street Food Market, but
thereafter, the building became a private home only.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">639 ½ Park Street</i>,
a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flickinger</b> grocery was listed from
1930 through 1935. From 1938 through 1940, it was listed as a Red & White
grocery. In 1941, it was the grocery of Mrs. Nellie C. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rich</b>. It was a private home in 1944, a beauty shop from 1946
through 1948, and then the Albert <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dengler</b>
grocery through 1951. For a time thereafter, the building served as a bikers’
supply shop and a television repair shop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1912 through 1917, the Wm. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bremer</b> grocery was listed at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">701 Main Street</i>. In 1923 and 1925 it was listed under Charles F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Siebert</b>. From 1930 through 1938 it was
listed as a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flickinger</b> store, and in
1940 as a Red & White store. From 1941 through 1946, it was listed under
Mrs. Eliz. G. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dahn</b> as a grocery. In
1948 it was the grocery of Loretta <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Petz</b>,
and in 1951 the grocery of Albert J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doino</b>.
Bruce’s Food Market was listed here from 1961 through 1979.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">800 Central Avenue</i>
was the site of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sahm’s</b> Hotel
from 1912 through 1917, and in 1923 was listed as the Stanilaus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Velk</b> hotel, but in 1925, the Stanislaus
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Velk</b> grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">802 Central</i>. In 1930, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Velk’s</b> Hotel was still listed, and in
1935, it was the Nickel Plate Hotel. The S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Velk</b> grocery was listed at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">802
Central</i>. From 1938 through 1941, the listing was Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Velk</b>, grocery and meats, and from 1944
through 1946, it was Stanley <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Velk</b>,
grocery, meats, and hotel. From 1948 through 1951, it was the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kricheldorf</b> Hotel, then from 1961
through 1979, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Krzal</b> Hotel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 1923, the Economy Grocery was listed at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">953 Central Avenue</i>. Some listings
afterward were: Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mangus</b>
grocery (1925), Wm. F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ford</b> meats
(1935), Hugh H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b> grocery and
meats (1938 – 1949), W. M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kettenring</b>
grocery (1962 – 1972), Pat <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Corsi</b>
liquors (1979).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-14534340616085106812014-02-04T10:36:00.001-08:002014-02-04T10:36:20.535-08:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Grove L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> (1820 –
1890) and his accounts of Early Hanover<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2014<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the last decade of his life, Grove L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> wrote at least twenty stories about the pioneer days in
early Hanover. Those stories are transcribed herein as FC 1 through FC 15, and
as SCN1 through SCN5. Also included as FC16 is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> letter explaining his involvement in the Underground
Railroad. The transcriptions are preceded by background information regarding <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, his family, and the various
publications which featured his writings. In the transcriptions, most of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> spelling, punctuation, and
syntax have been preserved. Where changes were required for clarity, they are
noted by brackets. In many cases, paragraph separation has been added for readability.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Background Information<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Grove L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> was born in 1820 in Camillus NY to Luther and Roxy (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seaver</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>. The family moved to Hanover in the first week of June 1824,
where they had been preceded by Luther’s brothers Nehemiah and Cyrus. Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> trained as a carriage maker, kept
a general store for a time, went into the lake shipping industry, and then returned
to carriage making. The family seems to have resided in Buffalo while he was
active in the lake shipping business; the Buffalo City Directory for 1832 lists
Luther as a wagon maker residing on Franklin Street. Luther’s wife died in
April 1832, probably of cholera, and soon after he lost an infant son and an
eight-year old boy. Luther took what was left of his family back to Silver
Creek, and on 16 December 1832 he married Roxana <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Badger</b> of Buffalo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Hence, Grove <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> spent much of his childhood in the Silver Creek and Hanover
area. When he was eighteen, he clerked in Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee’s</b> store, then being managed by William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b>. In the following year, Grove’s father Luther inherited
some property in Eden Valley NY. In the summer of 1840, Luther moved there,
where he died on 15 March 1842. Years later, when Grove <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> was running for Chautauqua County Clerk,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a brief biographical sketch in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silver Creek Local</i> of 22 September 1882
stated that Grove had “emigrated to the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio late in
1843.“ He was married at some time in the late 1840s, and the 1850 census shows
him living in Detroit with his wife, Sophia, 27, and their daughter, Frances,
2. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Grove was working in the shipping
industry at that time of his life, and in an 1886 letter to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Censor</i>, he described some of
his involvement with the Underground Railroad. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> had published Eber M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit’s</b>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sketches in the History of the
Underground Railroad</i> in 1879. Shortly after <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit</b> died in 1885, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
advertised that some copies of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sketches
</i>were still<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>available. This led F.
A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Redington</b> to write to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> about his own brief experiences
with the Underground Railroad, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Redington’s</b>
letter in turn led Grove <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> to
write about his own experiences. (See transcription FC16 herein.) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b>
letter appeared in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor </i>of 17 March
1886<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i> He explained that his
involvement in transporting African American refugees to Canada began “soon
after we engaged in our position as clerk of one of Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward’s</b> steamers in the spring of 1852.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> continued, “During the summers of 1852 and 1853, there was
hardly a week that we did not have a greater or less number of refugees
escaping from slavery to their land of freedom…. On one occasion in the summer
of 1854, we had no less than thirty individuals escaping from bondage.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Grove <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> remained with Capt. E. B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b> until the fall of 1858, when he relocated to Cleveland and became
a freight agent for railroad and shipping lines. After President <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lincoln</b> sent out an appeal for more
enlistments in August 1862, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>
resigned his position with the railroad. He enlisted on 10 October 1862 as a 2<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">nd</span></sup>
Lieutenant and was promoted several times. After seeing some heavy fighting, he
was posted to New Orleans. Unfortunately, while he was on duty there his horse
fell on him, severely crippling him. At the same time he contracted malaria, resulting
in a lingering illness from which he suffered badly until his death. He was
discharged in 1866 and was employed for a time in selling off government land
in Mississippi. In 1870 he and his family were in Burlington NJ, where he
clerked in an oil store. By 1880 the family was back in western New York. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was then, apparently, that he
began writing his stories. He referred to them as “chapters,” concise sketches
of the earliest settlers in Hanover and some memorable incidents of those early
days. For some reason the sketches appeared first in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> rather than in a Silver Creek newspaper. (See transcriptions
FC1 through FC15 herein.) They began with the issue of 23 January 1884 and
continued sporadically until the fifteenth and final sketch on 24 September
1884. It is possible that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor’s</i>
endorsement of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> candidacy in
1882 caused <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> to feel some
obligation to Willard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McKinstry</b>, the
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor’s</i> editor and publisher. On the
other hand, the series appeared with no fanfare, and with no announcement to
its readers that an important series was about to begin. Indeed, there was not
even any mention of the author’s name. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fortunately, there were clues to
the author’s name. The earliest ascription was a passing reference in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 19 March 1884 to “the Hanover
history on our first page. The writer, Maj. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>. . . .” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A month
later, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silver Creek Local</i> of 18
April 1884 was more explicit, saying, “The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia
Censor</i> is publishing a very interesting history of the early days of
Hanover. It comes from the pen of our esteemed fellow townsman, Grove L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The series was later reprinted in
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">North Chautauqua News </i>(formerly
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silver Creek Local</i>), beginning
with the issue of 27 February 1885. The head note to the first article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">News</i> gave its source as “G. L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Censor</i>.” However, either <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> or the editors had changed the sequence of chapters. For
example, the first article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">News</i>
had actually been the second in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>.
The original fifteen <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> chapters
were also subdivided, so that the material appeared in 35 individual articles
in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">News</i>, the last one on 11
December 1885. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It is not entirely clear whether <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> wrote any more about Hanover
history. He continued to suffer from his service-related injuries and the
attacks of malaria to such an extent that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Buffalo Courier</i> of 3 May 1889 reported that he had attempted to
commit suicide. “Under the influence of pain he has been rendered temporarily
insane at times,” said the article. His release from pain came with his death
on 11 September 1890. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Much later, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> stories appeared again. (See transcriptions SCN1 through
SCN3 herein.) The<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Silver Creek News</i>
of 8 June 1916 noted that the Silver Creek Historical Society was preparing a
series of articles to appear in future issues. The exact wording is
significant. The articles were “from material now available, dealing with the
early history of Hanover, and adjacent territory.” In other words, they were to
be from originals previously unknown or not available for publication.
Ultimately, the new series contained only three new articles, the first in the
issue of 15 June 1916, the second in the 22 June 1916 issue, and the third in
that of 6 July 1916. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The opening paragraph of the 15
June 1916 article reads in part, “Among the manuscripts of a [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] unpublished history of Silver Creek
written by the late Major Grove L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>,
father of Mrs. Chas. N. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howes</b>, is found
the following which was written between 1880 and 1885, and is here printed as
written.” It suggests that it was Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howes</b>
who made the work available, perhaps only after some friendly persuasion. What
is particularly interesting about this 15 June 1916 article is that it
describes some of the earliest forms of entertainment available to Hanover’s
pioneers, the same incidents that appeared in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> chapter
of 23 April 1884, but in a form that seems to be an earlier draft. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Other aspects of the 1916
articles further indicate that they may have been earlier drafts of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> series. For example, one of the notable aspects of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> earlier writings was his
formal style, always referring to himself with the editorial “we,” and when
writing about his father, always referring to him distantly as “Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>.” However, that was not the case
in the 1916 series. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
version had said, “The first entertainment of a dramatic nature came off early in
the month of November, 1827. There came to the tavern one day about noon (they
had remained over at Fredonia the night before and given an exhibition there) a
gentleman, his wife and daughter.” The 15 June 1916 version said, “When evening
came, the writer, in charge of his father, went and had the first view of a
dramatic entertainment of his life and the impressions were so great that he
will remember all the principal points during his life.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The story of 22 June 1916 is an
earlier and shorter version of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor’s</i>
of 9 April 1884. However, the 1916 article included two paragraphs explaining
how the Holland Land Company’s system of granting land contracts worked, and
how the class of men called “land sharks” operated. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The story of 6 July 1916 is a
version of another part of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor’s </i>of
23 April 1884. The 1884 version describes how the circus came to town. Their
main act involved an apparently drunken man who insisted that he could ride the
circus horse. The drunkard fought with the clown and the ringmaster, then finally
getting his way, he sped around the circle, discarding his rags and appearing
in splendid acrobat’s regalia. In the 1884 story, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> described some sailors trying to help the clown and
ringmaster and then being abashed when they realized how they had been fooled.
In the 1916 version, it is a drunken sailor who fights with the clown and
ringmaster, while it is two young men from Smiths Mills who attempt to help and
end up abashed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Although the editors of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">News</i> ended their third article in 1916 with
a plea for more articles about Hanover’s history, no <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>-related
material appeared again until 1924. (See transcriptions SCN4 through SCN5
herein.) However, one of the members of the Silver Creek Historical Society in
1916 had been Forestville resident Roscoe B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b>. He apparently continued searching for historical material
after the three <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> pieces appeared
that year. By 1924 he had a regular “retrospective” column in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">News</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">That year, the issue of 15 May announced,
“Readers interested in the early history of Hanover, Silver Creek and immediate
surrounding country, will be glad to know that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">THE NEWS</i> reprints this week the first of a series of articles that
appeared under this heading [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hanover
History</i>] in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">North Chautauqua News</i>
of Silver Creek, Feb. 27, 1885, George M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bailey</b>,
Editor and Publisher. These articles were written by Major G. L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> of Silver Creek, one of our best
known early citizens, and are entirely original, the material all having been
drawn from original sources and written when many of the first settlers were
living and the matters fresh in their memory. Silver Creek and Hanover will
always be under heavy obligation to Major <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>
for having collected, written and published this historical material. The
articles originally appeared weekly for a considerable time and cover many
phases of the early history. Mr. Roscoe B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b>,
who has supplied them to us, has some of Major Heaton’s manuscripts which were
not included in the series. A few of these appeared some years ago in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">News</i> and others will appear from time to
time in connection with this series.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b> supplied were copies from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">North Chautauqua News</i> of 1885 of the 35 articles derived from the 15
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> stories of 1884. The 1924
reprints appeared weekly from 15 May of that year through 8 January 1925. At
the end of the reprinted 35 articles, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b>
added two more. In the issue of 5 February 1925, he presented an account of the
burning of the Steamship George Washington from an incomplete manuscript
written by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> that had not been
included in the original <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
series. This was followed on 12 February 1925 with an account of the hanging of
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayer</b> brothers from another
unpublished manuscript by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b> assigned numbers to
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> articles. Numbers 1
through 35 had been in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">North
Chautauqua News</i> (and previously in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>)
and therefore appear only once in the following transcriptions. Numbers 36, 37
and 38 had been in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silver Creek News</i>
of 1916 and therefore appear only once in the following transcriptions. Numbers
39 and 40 were printed for the first time in 1924 and 1925, and are transcribed
in the following. Although <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b>
continued gathering and publishing material related to local history, and
although he continued his numbering scheme, the material after Martin’s Number
40 came from sources other than <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Heaton Stories<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<u><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></o:p></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 23
January 1884, Reminiscences of Early Life in Hanover, By An Old Resident Of
Silver Creek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the spring of 1827 a Mr. George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>,
an enterprising young man who had been engage[d] for some time in selling clock[s]
for a clock company at Bristol, Conn., made his way as far west as Silver
Creek. On his first arrival here he had no intention of remaining more than a
few days. On his starting out from Bristol he intended to proceed to Cleveland,
O., and make that place his headquarters for a time, but he met with greater
success than he anticipated in the sale of his goods in this village<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(It could hardly be called a village at that
time) and vicinity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The longer he stayed and the
better he became acquainted with the community the greater was his sale of clocks.
Previous to the introduction of clocks in this vicinity it was but seldom that
a time-piece of any description was found in a family. A watch even of the most
common kind was an article that none but those who were regarded as being rich
or well to do in the world felt able to indulge in. Nearly every housewife had
what she termed a noon-mark. This was made from the shadow cast from a
door-post or window frame. At 12 o’clock noon a mark had been made upon the
floor or wall and thereafter whenever the shadow of the object started from
reached that mark it was regarded as being noon or midday. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr’s</b> clocks, although of the old style or pattern of wood clocks,
an article now almost entirely obsolete, soon gained the reputation of being
excellent time-keepers. For the benefit of those who were in moderate
circumstances only, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b> sold
these clocks at the moderate price of sixteen dollars and when the person was
not known to be wholly responsible, by obtaining the signature of a party of
whose ability to pay there was not a doubt, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b> gave from three to six months time, and in some instances,
when seven per cent. [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]<span style="color: red;"> </span>interest was added, one year’s time. The sale of
clocks was so great and he was so well pleased with the community, he decided
to make this place his home for a while. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Early the next year (1828) Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b> concluded to try the sale of
clocks in Canada, and he arranged to join with him in this venture a young man
by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gregory</b>, who resided
with his father near Hanover Center. They started about the first of May, each
fitted out with, for that period, a very comfortable one horse establishment.
They intended to remain away several months and perhaps a year, but they found
great difficulty in getting their goods from Connecticut to them in Canada.
They disposed of their stock and returned here about the middle of August. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">They brought back with them three
more horses than they took away. In settling up and dividing the profits of the
expedition they had some trouble which caused <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gregory</b> to have some very bitter feelings towards <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>, but in the settlement it was
arranged that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b> should retain the
three extra horses they had received in payment for clocks. Two or three days
after the settlement, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gregory</b>
slipped away to Buffalo entirely unknown to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>. A day or two following this, on an afternoon two or three
hours before nightfall, a couple of strangers rode on horseback into town and
on dismounting at the tavern kept by Jas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b>,
they gave a few directions regarding the immediate care of their animals and
without entering the house or making a word of inquiry, they proceeded directly
to the stable of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>, which they
found closed, but it required but a few minutes for them to force it open. They
took possession of the three horses in the name of the government of the United
States as being illegally smuggled from the British Provinces into the United
States. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">They brought them to the inn
where they had left their own animals a short time before. They called for a
place where the horses could be securely locked up, but were informed by the
host that he had no place but the public stable connected with the house, which
was situated directly across the street from the house, in plain view, so that
it would be difficult for a person to enter or leave it in the daytime without
being observed. They finally consented that the three horses should be put into
the stable providing it should be securely locked and the key remain in their
possession, and in no case should any traveler’s or other horses be admitted or
watered or fed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or any one enter the
stable except in their presence or company. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The seizure created some little
excitement. Every man in the village was a friend of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>, and all were willing to render him any aid in their power,
but all knew very well that it would be the hight [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] of folly to make any forcible demonstration. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b> walked leisurely about the hotel,
and showed no appearance of excitement or anxiety. As there was no appearance
of any great excitement or indications that any unusual event had occurred, the
customhouse officers, after examining the stable and finding all safe and
secure, took a social drink with the landlord and with the key in their
possession at rather a late hour retired for the night, observing that they
wished to get an early start for Buffalo next morning. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But they were destined to a sad
disappointment. On repairing to the stable the next morning, they found it
securely locked and every way as they left it the night before, but the three horses
they had seized were missing. Their anger and rage can better be imagined than
described. They raved like mad men. The principal speaker claimed to be a
regularly appointed deputy collector and the other his assistant. The leader
alleged that unless the horses were returned to them immediately he would have
nearly every man in the village in state prison in thirty days. As soon as they
became convinced that the horses had been taken out of town, they made an
examination of every house to ascertain who were missing, but to their great
surprise and disappointment, every man was either at home or satisfactorily
accounted for. They not only started out themselves, but sent out scouts on
every road leading out of town. None of them brought any intelligence of the
missing animals. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After spending a couple of days
in fruitless search, they started on their return to Buffalo, but thinking they
might take some of the villagers by surprise and catch them napping and thereby
gain some information, after five or six hours they very suddenly appeared
again but they had no better success than previously. These officials visited
Silver Creek several times during the following two months, but never gained
any intelligence as to who spirited away the horses or where they were taken
to. It also became quite a mystery to the people of the village. As yet none
other than those who took part in the affair (and there were but three of them)
had any idea whatever of who had taken them away or where they were taken to.
It ultimately proved that not even <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>
had any correct information about the matter. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Some ten years afterwards the
whole mystery leaked out and became public. There were three young men who were
personal friends of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>, who met
within an hour after the seizure of the horses, and they resolved to rescue
them if possible. They resolved not to let any person whatever, not even <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b>, know anything of their intentions
or doings, and they immediately set themselves at work upon the job. They first
obtained a dozen small bags about the size of a shot-bag, in each of which they
put a quart or so of sawdust. At that period there were not as many skeleton
keys or adepts in picking locks as at present, but these men understood perfectly
the arrangements of the stable that contained the smuggled horses. On the back
end of the building there were double doors hooked on the inside to a
perpendicular stanchion. Above these doors was an open window. It required but
a short time for the parties to obtain a ladder, by the aid of which one of
them ascended to the window, came down and opened the back doors, and then it
required but a few moments to place the feet of each horse in the little bags
which were made secure above the ankle joint. This was done to prevent the
horses from making any noise by the clatter of their feet as they were led
away. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Two of the party quietly led the
horses a hundred rods or so until they crossed the Walnut creek bridge on the
Fredonia road. There they waited until the third one re-locked the doors,
ascended to the loft, and went down the ladder, which he took to the place
where they found it. Thus he left the stable in the same condition he found it,
with the exception of there being three horses less in it. After depositing the
ladder the third one joined his companions, who were waiting for him a short
distance beyond the bridge. Then each one mounted a horse, and rode up the
Fredonia road until they came to the Deacon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrus</b> place. Then they took a road that led them westward by
Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fink’s</b> place into the north
woods of Sheridan. When about two miles from this village they came to a thick
growth of young hemlocks which were so dense that it was almost impossible to
get the animals inside of the thicket, but after they had them there securely
tied with good strong ropes they had secured for the purpose, they were as
completely hid from view of any person coming within fifty feet of them as
though they were boxed up. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was now becoming quite light
and they realized the importance of their getting back to the village before
their absence was known. Also that it was not advisable for them to be seen in
that direction so early in the morning. They were able to make their way
unobserved through the woods and crossed the creek nearly half a mile below the
bridge and each got to his home by the back way. One of them had not been in
his room more than ten minutes when the custom house officer called on his
circuit of inquiry as to his whereabouts but as he had in all appearances just
risen from his bed and was then making his toilet, he had no trouble in
convincing the employe [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] of the
revenue department that he had been sleeping soundly all night and had not even
heard that the horses were missing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">These young men felt that they
had done their friend <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b> a great
favor in rescuing his property from a seizure when he had committed no moral
wrong. Notwithstanding they felt that they had the horses in a secure place,
the [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] knew very well that they
must have both food and water conveyed to them and all this must be done
cautiously, for the revenue officers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>were still here and they had also succeeded in engaging two or three
spies. The amusing part of the matter was, they applied to and engaged one of
the three young men who spirited the animals away to act as a spy or detective.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About half a mile from where
these horses were hid was a large barn well filled with good hay harvested a
few months previous belonging to the late Jonathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b>. This barn was situated near the center of a large meadow
which was almost entirely surrounded by a dense forest. These men conceived the
idea of feeding their horses from Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith’s</b>
hay and to do it securely they usually two of them went by different routes and
met at the barn just before nightfall. There each would fill a large bag or
sack with hay without making a litter to be followed by. They had also a
bucket, which they kept hid when not used, to water the horses. They managed in
this way for some two weeks, when they took Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr</b> into their secret. Shortly after this a friend of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carr’s</b> came here from Mayville. He
reached here about 10 o’clock at night and before midnight he with an assistant
had the three horses well on their way toward Warren, Pa., where they were
disposed of to good advantage. It [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
not probable that the custom house officers ever knew what became of their
stolen horses.<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 6
February 1884, Early Hanover History.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The first settlement of the part of the town of Hanover where the
village of Silver Creek now stands, was made by David <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b>, Abel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b>
and John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>, who came here
with their families from Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, about the year 1802 or
1803. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>purchased some 300 acres of the Holland Land
Company, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> articled from
the same company about 320 acres lying southwest of the land purchased by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b>. The latter tract was on the north-east side of Silver
Creek, bounded on the northeast by Lake Erie. All three of these parties<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>at once commenced to erect log houses for
their families. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard’s</b> log shanty
was erected on the south bank of the creek near where Howard street now crosses
the creek. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b> erected theirs on the north
side of the creek a little further down and near where the present Newberry
street now runs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As soon as their families could be made comfortable, the three men
engaged in cutting off the timber and clearing up a place for planting corn and
other vegetables for their subsistence. At that period there was no mill within
many miles of them. Both <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b> had worked a little at
the milling business in Massachusetts before they left there. They very soon
conceived the idea of erecting mills both for the purpose of cutting out timber
and converting Indian corn into meal. They knew very well that with the material
and tools they had, their construction must be of the most crude nature. They
first erected a saw mill, with which they managed to cut out lumber enough to
construct the other portion of their mill. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Their first process of converting corn into meal was done by pounding
in place of grinding. This was done by making a mortar from a large maple tree
or log sawed off some four or five feet long. A cavity was made in one end by
boring, burning and cutting. This mortar when completed was placed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on end and from a peck to a half bushel of
shelled corn was put in to it at a time and it was so arranged that when their
water wheel was started the pestle worked up and down with force enough to mash
the corn and convert it into meal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">However, previous to their getting this machine in operation, Mr.
Howard and his eldest boy, Jay, then a lad of 13 years of age, had built a
skiff or light row boat from some basswood boards cut out in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland’s</b> saw mill and with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b>
started with some ten bushels of corn they purchased at Batavia while on their
way to their new home, for mill [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
at Chippewa, a small place about 20 miles down the Niagara River. At that time
this mill at Chippewa, if not the nearest was the most accessible for they
could get to that by water, but this trip to mill came near being disastrous to
the young colony. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At the time they left home they expected [to] be able to make the trip
in five or six days, but on account of wind storms they encountered, both on
their way down and returning, they were greatly delayed. On the evening of the
first day they reached the mouth of Eighteen Mile Creek, where they determined
to go into camp for the night. They had scarcely got their camp fire well
started and their boat securely taken care of, when a terrific thunder storm
accompanied by a severe gale of wind came up. They were compelled to remain
there thirty six hours, before they could proceed; they finally reached
Chippewa, and then at the end of twenty-four hours had their ten bushels of
corn ground into meal, and were ready to start on their way back. They again
encountered a rain storm at Buffalo and came near losing their meal by getting
it wet. They were again compelled to remain over thirty-six hours, at Buffalo,
but improved the time by making some purchases of necessary supplies at a small
log store or Indian traders that then stood near the site of the present
Mansion House. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The prices that goods sold for at that time would astonish the
merchants of to day [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]. Ordinary
brown sugar was regarded cheap at twenty-five to thirty cents a pound. A very
common grade of Bohea Tea could be had at 1.50 per pound. Common factory
shirting was then termed sold at 35 cts to 40 cts while callicoes brought from
40 cts to 50 cts a yard. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was the morning of the 12<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> of September they left
Buffalo hoping they would have good weather and be able to reach home before
daylight the next day. They had not proceeded but a few miles before the wind
commenced blowing from the South West and increased to that extent that when a
short distance above Hamburg, they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>deemed it for their safety to make<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>for the shore. By keeping a good look out they discover[ed] a place
where they thought it would be safe to attempt a landing. This was accomplished
and after carrying their meal and other stores to a safe dry spot on shore they
drew their boat up and prepared to wait until the wind decreased so that it
would be safe for them to proceed. The wind died away with the sun, but the sea
did not run down so that it [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
advisable to start until near daylight next morning. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Notwithstanding they had considerable head [w]ind, they were able to
continue on their journey all the next day, and reached the mouth of Silver Creek
soon after sunrise on the twelfth day after leaving home. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b> who had remained at home to look after the welfare of the
women and children, was glad enough to welcome them back. He had become
seriously excited over their long absence, and had fears that they and their
cargo had been swamped and would never be heard of again. Soon after <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b> had their mortar in operation, they dug from what is now
known as Oak Hill a couple of boulders which they succeeded in working into a
mill stone, that answered a very good purpose for grinding corn. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As soon as it became a settled fact that there was to be war between
the United States and Great Britain, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b> sold their property
and returned to Massachusetts. They did not care to remain so near the lines. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> improved all of his spare time
in cutting down the large hemlock trees which were found of immense size all
over the ground where the village now stands, and cutting them into logs which
he hauled to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland’s</b> mill and had them sawed
into two inch planks. With these he constructed the first frame house built in
the town of Hanover. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This building would hardly be termed a frame house at this period. It
was erected on the ground where the Eureka Smut works now stand. The site
offered an opportunity of a basement or lower story which could be entered from
the East side of the building. The plank[s] were set perpendicular and pinned
with one and a fourth inch wooden pins at the bottom to hewn sills and at the
top to plates that supported the rafters. The roof was composed of staves riven
from hemlock and ash trees. They were held to their places by long poles or
saplings running longitudinal with the building. These were also joined to the
rafters. The floors were made of rough boards which were held down by wooden
pins. There were probably not 20 lbs. of nails used in the construction of the
entire building. In the spring of 1805 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>
opened this house as an inn or house of entertainment for the accommodation of
travelers, and continued it as such until the summer of 1828, when the property
passed into the hands of the late Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>.
For many years previous and after the War of 1812 with Great Britain, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard’s</b> Tavern was one of the most
popular stopping places for travelers and emigrants between Buffalo and Erie,
Pa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Soon after the close of the war there was a large emigration from the
New England states to northern Ohio, then known as New Connecticut, and later
as the Western Reserve. At the commencement of the colony here there was but
little more than a bridle path from Buffalo west. In fact loaded teams were
compelled to make much of the distance along the edge of the lake, sometimes in
the water until it nearly came into their wagon boxes, and during heavy storms in
the spring and fall they were compelled to lay over until the storms abated.
About the year 1812 the Holland Land Company had caused a road to be surveyed
from a point in the town of Hamburg about eight miles west of Buffalo through
to the Pennsylvania state line.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The eight miles from Hamburgh [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] into Buffalo had to be made along
the beach of the lake through the sand and it was regarded as a good days work
for a heavy loaded team to make the distance to the beach, as it was termed.
The country for some distance back from the Lake was low and swampy to that
extent that it was regarded as almost impossible to construct a traveled road
through it and it was not until 1832 or 1833 that a charter was obtained from
the State for the purpose of building a turnpike through this swamp. It was
nearly a year after the survey by the Holland Land Company before much if
anything was accomplished cutting the road through. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At the time there were but very
few settlers between this village and Buffalo and it was no great object to
those few to do any more labour upon the roads than they were compelled to do
or were well paid for doing. It was no unusual thing for heavy emigrant teams
to be three or four days making the distance from Buffalo to Silver Creek. They
usually traveled in company of four or five or six teams together and often
were compelled to double their teams and haul one wagon a mile or so over a bad
portion of the road<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>then go back for
another, and in this way make half the distance from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buffalo Creek here, and it was not unusual
for teams to remain two nights in succession at the same place, that is they
would not get so far in a day but they would return to the place where they had
spent the night before for entertainment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Emigrants from New England to the
Western Reserve felt when they reached this point that the principal part of
their trouble and hardships were over and on reaching here they would often
spend two or three days with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>
recuperating their animals and repairing their wagons. In those early years
there was many a joke got off at the expense of the almost bottomless roads
through the Cattaraugus swamp. It was said that on one occasion a company of
three or four foot travelers were picking their way along the so called road
two or three miles east of Cattaraugus Creek, when they came to a large expanse
of mud [?] water eight or ten rods in length, near the middle of which they saw
a man’s head with mouth and chin barely above water. One of the party sang out
to him and asked him what he was doing there and why he did not come out. The
man replied that he thought he would come out all right after a while as he had
a good horse under him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But to lay joking aside some of
the mud holes that it was impossible to avoid were that depth that the water
would come into the wagon boxes. A year or so after John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> opened his house of
entertainment a Mr. W.G. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sidney</b>
opened a similar place at near [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic]</i>
the mouth of Cattaraugus creek and established a ferry across the creek which
was of great advantage to travellers. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sidney</b>
did not keep his place but about a year. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mack</b> with his family of two sons James E. and John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mack</b>,Jr. came from New Hampshire and
purchased all <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sidney’s</b> interest in
the property. About this time the year 1805 there were several families settled
in the northern part of the town. Among them Benj. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kenyon</b>, Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b>. A
son of the latter is still living, and resides at Niagara Falls, and from whom
we have obtained much information. Two or three years later came Henry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruben</b>, Nathan and Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b>, all of whom came from Western
Massachusetts. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As near as we can ascertain
Samuel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> was the first male school teacher this section of the town
had. A school was established in the summer of 1812 and the winter following. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> was employed to teach it. In
1809 Artemus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clothier</b> and Norman <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spink</b>, two young men found their way
here and engaged in cutting timber and clearing land for John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> and Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spink</b> informed us but a few months before his death , which we
believe occurred in 1872, that during the first six months they were here they
worked for Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> for $1 per
month and board, and through the winter they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>were into the woods<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with their
axes and ready to commence work as soon as it was light enough to do so. The
following spring each of them took a contract from Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> to clear the land suitable for the first crop at a stated
price per acre and the ashes accruing from the burning timber was also to be
theirs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spink</b> informed us that during the winter it was his custom to chop
through the day and just before nightfall, gather a quantity of dry bark or
other dry material and start a large fire. He would then build a house or
shelter of hemlock boughs, would then continue to chop by the aid of the light
of his brush fire until he felt the need of rest, would then replenish his fire
with brush and logs so that it would continue through the night and retire to
his bough house and bed of hemlock leaves. He also informed us that his food
through the winter consisted principally of cold roast or boiled pork and cold
corn bread and occasionally a potato or two roasted in the fire of one of his
log piles. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spink</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clothier</b> followed this land-clearing
until they had money sufficient to locate and article a farm each for
themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The present generation have but a
faint idea of the endurance and hardships their predecessors went through in
clearing up the country they now enjoy. In the fall of 1811 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clothier</b> returned to Berkshire Co.
Mass. and spent the winter and was married there the next spring and very soon
afterward started on his wedding tour back to Chautauqua Co. This was made with
one horse his wife riding on horse back with all their worldly effects tied up
in a bundle and placed on the back of the horse behind the rider; and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clothier</b> walking along side with his
rifle on his shoulder. At times they would exchange places with each other for
the purpose of resting. At that time it was no great task for a young healthy
woman to walk off eight or ten miles. In this way they proceeded from near
Pittsfield, Massachusetts to this county.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spink</b> also went back to Massachusetts, married and returned here.
Both these men continued to reside here for the remainder of their lives and
both have died within the past ten or twelve years. They lived to see the town
of Hanover come up from a coarse [?] uninhabited wilderness to be fully and
completely settled and cleared up to be one of the richest towns in the county.<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 20 February 1884, More Early History of the
Town of Hanover<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dr. Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b> was one of the first physicians to settle in the town of
Hanover. He came here from Western Massachusetts in the fall of 1811 and
settled on a lot of about twenty acres, which is now about the center of the
village of Silver Creek. Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b>
was a person of fine attainments and great natural abilities. He was a
self-made man, having been the architect of his own education and acquirements.
He was well versed in the languages and a scientist in the truest sense of the
word. He at once took rank as one of the most eminent physicians in the county.
Having fully graduated and practiced for some two years before he left his
native State, he was prepared to at once enter upon the practice of his
profession here. He was in the prime of early manhood, which enabled him to
stand all the fatigues of pioneer life and the hardships imposed upon him by
his profession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the commencement of his
practice here he resolved to respond to all calls as far it was in his power to
do, whether there was a probability of his ever being recompensed for it or
not. Calls soon came pouring in upon him from a large circuit of country, so
that he was often compelled to ride a distance of twelve or fifteen miles, and
sometimes more. In the then sparsely settled condition of the country, the
roads, especially in spring and fall, were almost impassable, except for
persons on foot or on horseback. It was not unusual for the Doctor to be from
twenty-four to thirty-six hours from home at a time attending to the
requirements of his patients. When his attention was not required by the sick,
he was superintending the clearing-up and in other ways improving his
homestead.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He was much devoted to his
profession and was a close student. When at home his evenings were entirely
spent with his books. It was often the case that he did not retire to rest
until after 12 o’clock at night, his time until that hour being devoted
entirely to study. He had a theory that the human body did not require more
than six or eight hours’ rest, in accordance with the amount of mental and
physical labor performed, and that all time more than that spent in bed was
uselessly wasted. The Doctor was also an early riser. Unless he had been out
late at night attending to professional calls, it was seldom that 6 o’clock in
the morning found him in bed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At the time Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b> settled here he had no family
but a wife. In the month of April 181[?], their first daughter was born, who is
now the wife of Warren <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Montgomery</b>,
esq. In the latter part of the year 1814, another daughter was born, who is now
Mrs. Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Scoville</b>. On the 24<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>
of June 1817, a son was added to the family. All three of these persons are
still living and are residents of Silver Creek. The son is the Rev. Chalon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b>, and is pastor of the
Presbyterian church of this village. It is not often in America (it has
sometimes occurred in Great Britain) that a clergyman can be settled over a
church, and remain its pastor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for a
number of years<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in succession in the
place of his nativity, and that, too, when he has nearly passed the time
allotted to man, three score and ten years. It is believed that the Rev. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b> and his two sisters are the
eldest native-born citizens of the town of Hanover.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dr. Burgess continued to reside
here until his death, which occurred in April 1855, at the age of eighty-one
years. His wife survived him five years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morrison</b> was the first tanner this part of Hanover had. He came
here from Williamsville (east of Buffalo, N.Y.) in 1813. He commenced
operations on the ground adjoining the mills of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b>.
He at first had but three or four vats. These were sunk in the earth
out-of-doors, without covering except rough boards that were laid over them to
keep out the rain. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morrison</b> did
the currying portion of his business in the basement of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland’s</b>
mills. A few years afterwards he moved his works to the upper portion of the
village, along near the mill-race now belonging to G. L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Weeks</b>, esq.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1827 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morrison</b> lost his wife, and about a
year afterwards moved to Forestville.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Nehemiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b>,
Elijah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holt</b> and Isaac <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b> left the town of Jamaica, county
of Windham, State of Vermont, in the month of December, 1814, for the town of
Hanover. All of these parties, except Isaac <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b>, had families and brought them with them. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> also brought a young man by the
name of John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> with him, who
was engaged to work at a certain price per month<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for not a less period than one year. Elijah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holt</b> had visited the town of Hanover
the summer previous and then became acquainted with the water power now owned
by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilson</b> and Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrus</b>. On his return to Vermont, he
gave such a glowing account of the country generally and this water power in
particular<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that he induced <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b> (who was his brother-in-law) and
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> to dispose of their farms and
come to this county. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Isaac <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b> was a brother-in-law of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b>,
being a brother of his (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b>)
wife. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b> at once purchased the water
power jointly, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b> articled
the farm now owned by Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrus</b>.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> was possessed of some $5,000,
with which he decided to improve the water power and erect both grist and saw
mills. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b> was to be a joint
owner in the operation. They employed all the help that could be obtained,
among them quite a number of Indians from the Cattaraugus reservation, who at
that time were willing to work when they felt [left?] some of their money at
the end of the week. As much of the work had to be done in the water in
constructing the dam, the Indians did better than white men would have been
willing to do, notwithstanding the water was quite cold, it being the last of
winter. The Indians did not object to work in it providing they were furnished
with plenty of rations of whisky. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b> not
only succeeded in getting their dam well advanced, but they also got all the
timber on the ground for their mills before the breaking up of winter. With
plenty of help, which they easily obtained as they paid cash for everything,
they had their dam up and their buildings ready to be enclosed on the first day
of June, 1815. A short time after this they had their saw mill running, cutting
out lumber for the completion of their buildings. They purchased the two
millstones, worked out of granite by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b>
& <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b>, which they intended
to use for while for grinding corn. They also purchased and utilized all other
parts of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b> mills that were of any
advantage to them. They were compelled to go to Buffalo, which was then just
getting started again from its conflagration cause by the British and Indians,
for all the most important parts of their machinery and for a set of burr
mill-stones, which they succeeded in obtaining after waiting more than two
months for them to be drawn from Albany to Buffalo by teams. They were able to
start their grist mill and grind wheat on the first day of December, a little
less than a year from the day they started from Vermont –on the fourteenth day
of December.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Up to that time the winter had
been very open, and there had no ice formed in the lake. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> took his man, John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b>,
and another young man by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>,
whom he also had in his employ, and with a yawl-boat started for Buffalo. They
left the mouth of Silver Creek soon as it was light enough for them to see clearly,
expecting, if they had good weather, to reach Buffalo by nightfall. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> each applied themselves to rowing the boat, while <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> sat in the stern steering. About
an hour after leaving, and when about off the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek there
came up one of those sudden windstorms accompanied with snow, that this climate
is noted for. The first gust of wind took <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b>
hat into the lake, and on his making a sudden spring to recover it, he lost his
balance and went into the lake head foremost. When he arose to the surface, he
was out of reach of the boat or anything to assist himself with. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He probably realized his
situation, and sung out to the men in the boat to throw him an oar. In the
excitement of the moment both men threw their oars, neither of which came
within Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> reach. After
throwing both oars, the men were left in the boat perfectly powerless to assist
their employer, who in a short time disappeared beneath the angry waves. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> was an expert swimmer, but being
encumbered with a heavy overcoat with a large cape, or series of capes, such as
they wore in those days, and the water being very cold, he was only able to
support himself above water a short time. The wind and snow was increasing
fearfully, and the men, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, were in the boat entirely
helpless and at the mercy of the waves. The boat drifted to the shore, reaching
the beach about a mile below Cattaraugus Creek. The men were enabled to land
with no further injury to themselves than a thorough wetting. Their lot was
very different from that of their employer. He who had left his home in the
prime of manhood, so full of life, and hope, and [?] was then a lifeless corpse
at the bottom of Lake Erie. The two men returned home the same evening, and
when the sad intelligence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was spread
among the community it cast a great gloom over them all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> had been a resident here but about a year, he had become
generally known through this section of the county, and was looked upon as one
of the most enterprising and valuable citizens in the county. The friends
immediately offered a reward for the recovery of the body, but it was not until
the first week in June following, when a party of four of the Indians from the
Cattaraugus reservation, who had assisted in building the dam, were on their
way to the mouth of Eighteen-mile Creek on a fishing expedition, while walking
along the beach, a short distance from above Sturgeon Point, they discovered
the body partly covered in the sand. They recognized the body at once; and,
while two of them came here to notify the friends, the other two remained
watching the body until their companions with others returned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What speaks well for the honesty
of the Indians, Mr. H. was on his way to Buffalo to settle up for the machinery
and supplies they had purchased through the past summer for their mills, and
had a large sum of money, which was in bank-bills, with him. The money was in a
package in the breast pocket of the inside coat. When the friends reached the
body, they found the coats—both coats—snugly buttoned as they were at the time
he was drowned, and the money had not been disturbed. The coats had burst open
along the back by the bloating of the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Two days before the finding of
the remains of Mr. H., his wife died, but had not yet been interred. The
funerals of the two were held at the same time, and their remains lay side by
side in Hanover Center cemetery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cyrus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, a brother of Nehemiah, left Jamaica, Vermont with his
family, in the early part of the summer of 1815, but did not reach here until
after the dead body of his brother had been found. He with Mr. Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b>, who was a brother of Nehemiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> wife, were appointed
administrators<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the estate of Mr.
H.—he having left one son, about seven years of age, and an adopted daughter of
five years. Mr. Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b>, who was so
long and favorably known as a resident of this village, was a native of
Jamaica, Vermont, but had left there ten years previous to his brother-in-law,
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, and his brother, Isaac <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b>, and came to West Winfield,
Herkimer county, this State, where he was married to Miss Nancy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brace</b> in 1807. After receiving the
intelligence of the drowning of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>,
he decided to emigrate to this place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This locality was known at that
time as Fayette. It is not positively known from what source it received that
name or at how early a period the name was given. But this fact is known, that
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> named his mills,
immediately after their completion, or as soon as they were able to grind
wheat, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fayette Mills.</i> The village
went by that name until about 1828 or 1829. However, previous to that time, the
Post office Department at Washington had declined to name the post office here
“Fayette,” for the reason that there was one already established by that name
in Seneca county, this State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b> purchased, very soon after reaching here, a farm of about
seventy acres, which extended down to Main street of the village. As soon as
circumstances would permit he caused a very comfortable frame house to be
erected near the junction of Main street and the road going to Forestville, and
which, we believe, is now owned and occupied by Mr. Henry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Knight</b>. He also had a blacksmith shop erected on the bank of Walnut
Creek, or between the Forestville road and the creek. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b> carried on the blacksmithing business there for many years. He
continued to reside here until he died in January 1848. During all this time he
bore the reputation of being as upright, honorable and conscientiously honest a
man as there was in the county of Chautauqua. It is believed by those who knew
him best that there was never a dollar went into his pocket that was in any way
dishonorably obtained by him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cyrus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> continued to reside here until 1832 when he removed to
Forestville; and in 1836, on account of the death of his wife’s father, he
returned to Vermont.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5 March
1884, Early History of Hanover—Continued<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About a year after the drowning
of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, the administrators
and Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b> sold the Fayette
Mills to Platt and Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> who
came here from Duchess county this State in the summer of 1816. Platt <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b>, the eldest of the two brothers,
was a millwright by trade, while his younger brother Levi had had some
experience in running a mill, but about three years of his life had been spent
in a store in Duchess Co. They bought the property on very favorable terms. A
greater portion of the purchase money did not come due for some years. Their
milling business consisted almost wholly in grinding for the farmers. This was
enough to keep their two run of stones busy a large portion of the time.
However, Pratt <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> became
discontented and thought he ought to be accumulating money faster than he was.
In 1827 he disposed of his interest in the Fayette Mills to his brother Levi,
and emigrated to Crawford county Pa. Previous to this Levi had become ambitious
and he and a person by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cummings</b>
had engaged in a small mercantile business succeeding Stephen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b> who was the first merchant in
this portion of Hanover.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b> was another Vermonter who came here in 1817 and started a
small store. The building in which he commenced business is still standing and
is probably the oldest building in the village of Silver Creek. It is located
at the extreme west end of the village, west of Walnut Creek, and a short
distance east of where the big walnut tree grew. At that time it was supposed
that whatever village grew up here would be in that locality. Until the late
Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> came here in 1828 it was
the point of business. Stephen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b>
also established a small distillery, which was on the opposite side of the
street a short distance below his store. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b>
only operated his distillery three or four years and the building, which was
not a very pretentious one, was demolished about 1826 or 1827. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cumming’s</b>
venture in the mercantile business did not prove very successful and they were
succeeded about 1824 by Ezra <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comis</b>
who ran the business one or two years, when he discovered<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that his financial condition was such that he
would not be able to replenish his stock without assistance. He conceived the
idea of of [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] organizing what he
termed “the Farmers’ Store.” This was done by Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comis</b> going to the most responsible farmers in the town of Hanover
and portions of Sheridan and soliciting them to subscribe or take stock to any
amount from $25 up to $500, with the understanding that all stockholders were
to first have all goods they desired for themselves and families at a trifle
above cost in New York, and were to share in the profits. They were also
allowed to purchase goods against the amount of capital or stock paid in. In
this way Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comis</b> succeeded in
raising between four and five thousand dollars. With that amount he went to New
York and laid in a fresh stock of goods. But the Farmers’ Store did not prove a
popular institution. Most of the stockholders were anxious to purchase goods
and it was not long before jealousies worked in among them especially when the
stock became reduced, so that each one could not get every thing they desired.
When the time came to replenish again very few if any were ready to subscribe
the second time and Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comis</b> and
the Farmers’ Store were compelled to succumb and soon were among the things
that were.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> continued to run the Fayette Mills, and in 1828 married a
daughter of Wheaton <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mason</b>, who came
here a year or so previous, from Elicottville, Cattaraugus county, this state,
and for a short time engaged in the grocery business. The profits of the
milling business did not meet Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers’</b>
expectation. The indebtedness on the mill property was about maturing and he
saw no way by which he could meet it. Unless he was able to do so or give
further reliable security there was a probability of foreclosure of mortgage
and of his losing all he had paid. He communicated with his father who at that
time resided in Duchess county but closed out his property there and in 1830
came here. Soon afterwards he negotiated for the indebtedness against the
Fayette Mills and soon became the owner of them but allowed his son to run and
manage them as he had previously been doing for more than ten years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> was a wholesouled, good hearted, social gentleman. He was a
good friend but a bitter enemy. He was fond of a practical joke and often
perpetrated them on his best friends. He was fond of telling the old story (and
sometimes applied it to himself) of what the fool knew and what he did not know.
When the fool was asked what he knew, he replied that he knew millers always
had fat hogs, and what he did not know was on whose grain they were fatted. Mr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> continued to run the mills as
he had done for many years until his life was ended by drowning in the mill
pond, in or about the year 1848.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The last few years of Ezra <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comis’</b> early manhood was spent at
Hanover Center. Soon after he reached his majority, he aspired to a public
position. He ran for and was elected a constable. The story was told of him (we
do not vouch for the truth of it) that among the first official business that
he was called upon to perform was to make a levy on some live stock, cattle and
hogs. He was told by our friend Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b>,
who had known him well from his boyhood, that in order to have his levy legal
he must touch each creature with the execution. This he had no trouble in doing
with the cattle but when he came to levy on the hogs he found them running at
large in a ten acre field. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The story went that young <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comis</b> was seen with his coat off
hanging on the fence, and he chasing the hogs over the field, endeavoring to
touch them with the legal document, but finally gave up and made his return on
the back of the execution, that as far as the hogs were concerned it was impossible
to make the levy. However, after this he served one or two terms as justice of
the peace, in this town, with credit to himself and friends. After the failure
and closing up of the Farmers’ Store he emigrated to Michigan and a short time
afterwards was elected to the State Senate in which he served with distinction
and was strongly talked of as a candidate for Governor when he was attacked
with malarial fever and died in the year 1835 or 1836, still a young man.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Doctor Calvin <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wood</b> and his brother Benjamin were
early settlers in this part of Hanover. We are unable to ascertain definitely
from what part of New England they came but we find Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wood</b> here as early as 1818 or 1819 practicing medicine and as an
inn keeper. The doctor was somewhat of a peculiar genius. He was not regarded
as being exceedingly bright or energetic in his profession and there were but
few that would employ him unless it was in case of an emergency or when no
other physician could be obtained. He had better success as an inn keeper than
practicing medicine, for the reason that his wife was a stirring, energetic,
persevering woman and a good housekeeper and it was her aim to have everything
in order and she had the reputation of setting an excellent table before her
guests. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">She had a serious affection of
one side of her face which would as often as once a minute draw that side of
her face into fearful contortions that were painful to look upon. On one
occasion a foot traveler called at their inn and enquired if he could have
dinner. Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wood</b> was the only
person about the house at the time. She did not understand the inquiry and
while she stood waiting for him to repeat it, her face went through one of its
contortions. The stranger turned upon his heel and almost flew from the
premises and on going to the next hotel which was but a short distance away asked
the landlady while he was eating if there was not a crazy woman in the next
house above. Said he called there for dinner but saw no one there but a woman
who appeared to be crazy, at any rate when asked if he could have some dinner
she stood and made fearful faces at him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Doctor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wood</b> kept the house directly opposite the farmers’ store for
several years. It was then the most prominent house here. In 1829 or 1830
Doctor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wood</b> emigrated to Crawford
Co., Penn. Benj. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wood</b> was a farmer
and jobber. He was ever ready to take a contract for moving large and heavy
buildings or any other difficult work. He resided for many years about midway
between this village and Irving.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Nathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wattles</b> was another of the early settlers of this portion of
Hanover. He came here from western Massachusetts, and married the oldest
daughter of John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>. He built
or Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> had built<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for him the house now owned and occupied by
Melvin <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Montgomery</b>, although since
that time (1818) the house has been remodeled two or three times. About a year
after, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> property passed
into the hands of the late Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>.
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wattles</b> left here and went to
Buffalo, engaged in the butchering business and died there of cholera in 1832.
We believe a son of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wattles</b> is
still living and at Kalamazoo, Mich.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Jonathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b> was another pioneer settler of northern Hanover. Although a
native of Vermont, he had resided several years in Canada previous to coming to
Chautauqua county. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b> was a
blacksmith by trade and soon after settling here in 1822 he erected a dwelling
house and blacksmith shop, just east<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of
Walnut Creek on Main street. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b>
carried on the business of blacksmithing there for several years. He had
however purchased a farm from the Holland Land Company which was located a mile
or mile and a half west of the village. This farm received considerable of his
attention. He was quite a horse fancier and paid considerable attention to
raising horses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He had a large barn erected on
his farm, which he used for housing his hay and sheltering his young horses.
Although a great lover of a good horse and paying much attention to raising
them, we do not know that he ever engaged in sporting with them, but often
bought, sold and exchanged horses to that extent that he was looked upon by
many<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as a professional horse jockey. In
the spring of 1834 he purchased from Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> the Silver Creek House property, and assumed control of it the
same spring. As a hotel keeper Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b>
was a success. Under his management the Silver Creek House soon became well
known and one of the most popular hotels and eating places for stage passengers
between Buffalo and Cleveland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">One cause of his great success as
a hotel keeper was having a wife well adapted to the business. Mrs. K was an
excellent housekeeper and during all the time she was mistress of the Silver
Creek House, unless she was prevented from doing so by sickness, she gave the
affairs of the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>house<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>her daily personal atttention. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b>
continued to own and reside in the Silver Creek House until his death, which
occurred about the year 1859 or 1860.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We find Reuben <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Edmonds</b> located in this section of
Hanover as early as 1816. He first settled on a lot about a mile east of
Hanover Center, where there was a small water power on Silver Creek. The first
three or four years of his time after settling here was spent in cutting off
the timber and clearing up a farm. About 1820 or 1821 he commenced to improve
his water power by erecting a saw mill and a crude sort of a mill for grinding
corn. His first effort at converting corn into meal was on the same principle
of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland’s</b>, namely, pounding or
mashing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in a mortar. A year or two after
he succeeded in working out a couple of mill stones from hard heads or granite
found in the hill-side a short distance<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>from his mill. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Some time previous to that he had
purchased the property here in the north part of the village formerly owned by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dickinson</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleveland</b>. In the spring of 1824 he commenced the erection of a
house on this property which was located on what is now known as Newbury
street. As soon as this building was sufficiently inclosed [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] to shelter his family he moved them
into it. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Edmonds</b> allowed this
building to remain in that unfinished condition during the eight or ten years
he owned it. Many times they were compelled to resort to expedients to keep
themselves comfortable from the inclemency of the weather. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. E. was a person of considerable
native genius. Notwithstanding<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he was
exceedingly illiterate and almost wholly uneducated, he served at an early day
as a justice<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the peace and at one
time was a candidate for supervisor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and
came within<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a few votes of being
elected. By close industry, hard work and perseverance [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>], he succeeded in accumulating considerable property and was
able to place his family in a far more comfortable condition than they lived.
He had a large family of children whom he allowed to grow up in ignorance, not
affording them the most ordinary advantages for an education. In the early
winter of 1832 he joined the Mormons and in the spring of 1833 he with his
family emigrated to Kirkland, Ohio.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 12 March 1884, Early History of Hanover,
Continued.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Abel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> reached the town of Hanover from the State of Vermont in
November, 1815. On Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case’s</b>
arrival here he took his family to the tavern of John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>, “that being the only public house or place of entertainment
in this section of Hanover. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b>
was an entire stranger and had no place in view until he took a good look all
over the town. This required three or four weeks,” his family during this time
were making their home with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>.
He finally selected a lot about 2 ½ miles west of this village on the main
traveled road west, or the Fredonia road as it is now known. As soon as he had
determined upon this lot and had it secured from the Holland Land Company he
and his step son, a lad of 17 years, "Ebenezer R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b> by name,” commenced to erect a log shanty to shelter them
through the winter. This they accomplished and were comfortably settled a day
or two before Christmas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As we have mentioned in a
previous chapter the winter of 1815 and 1816 was quite mild and open until near
the first of February. As soon as the family were comfortably settled Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> and his son young <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b> engaged in cutting into sawlogs
and hauling to the road-side the large pine and hemlock trees they found
growing on their lot preparatory to bringing them to the new mill here, erected
by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b>. About the first of February there came a foot of snow and
soon the roads that had been almost impassable became good and young <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b> commenced to haul sawlogs to this
mill, making two trips a day for nearly two weeks in succession. This was done
with a yoke of oxen that had hauled all their worldly affects [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] and the female portion of the
family from Bennington county, Vermont, to the town of Hanover. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b> informed us some years afterwards
that it was his custom to be up, have his breakfast and team well fed ready to
start as soon as it was light enough to do so. In this way they succeeded in
getting lumber enough to build them a very comfortable frame house the second
summer they were here. They also progressed as rapidly as could be expected in
clearing up their farm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> continued to reside in the place he had chosen for a home for
more than forty years and died there in 1836, aged near 80 year. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> was a person of genial nature
social and fond of society and all kind of amusements. At the time he settled
here his neighbors were few and far between. There were two or three <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stebbins</b> families that had settled
about a mile and a half west of his place at what since has been called
Kensington. A year or two after he located a couple of families by name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gleason</b> settled about a mile east of
him. It was amusing to hear Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b>
give a description of their modes of enjoyment and meetings for social
intercourse as well as occasionally meetings for religious instruction. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By appointment the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gleasons</b> would come to his house before
nightfall. If in the winter when there was snow on the ground he would yoke his
oxen to his wood sled, fill the box with clean straw, then with bed blankets or
comforters for robes they would all hands pile into the sled, seating
themselves on the bottom or other ways as they could most comfortably do so,
then start their ox team for the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stebbins</b>
or some other neighbor not too far away where they would spend the evening in social
enjoyment. About 12 or 1 o’clock at night they would end off with a supper of
chicken pie or chicken cooked in all the different modes a good house wife
could imagine. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In our boyhood we remember of
hearing Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> speak of these
social gatherings and tell how they were not only kept up through one winter
but winter after winter for several years until after the country became so
thickly settled neighbors were not so far away. In regard to religious meetings
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> stated that he did not
think there was religious service held oftener than once in four to six weeks
for the first six or seven years after he settled here, then it was generally
held on a Sunday, a.m. or p.m.—but one service in a day—at some private house,
and usually all would attend for a distance of four or five miles. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the spring of 1820 Mr.
Ebenezer R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b>, then a young man
of 22 was married to a young lady of Sheridan (we have mislaid the name). In
1822 a son was born whom we shall speak of hereafter. In 1825 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b> moved to Buffalo and engaged in
the manufacture of soap and candles. This business proved quite remunerative.
He also purchased some property on Delaware Avenue a short distance above
Niagara street. This property enhanced in value quite rapidly and during the
great real estate speculation of 1836 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b>
was offered what he then regarded as a high price for his property, which he
sold and returned to Silver Creek, where he purchased the farm of Jay <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> about one mile east of this
village on the Buffalo road. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He also purchased about 40 acres
on the opposite side of the road from his <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>
farm. On the latter purchase he erected quite a pretentious house for that
period. Farming soon became irksome and not suiting the taste of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b>, he decided to give it up. In the
spring of 1839 he came into the village Silver Creek and purchased property and
first erected the home where W. W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b>
now resides and the store building owned by the late H. N. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Farnham</b>, located on the corner of Main and Dunkirk streets. The
following Autumn Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b> put in a
general stock of goods and opened up as merchant. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He continued in this until 1845.
Having become satisfied he was not adding to his property he disposed of all
his property here and returned to Buffalo, but for the last few years has made
his home in Lockport, where two years ago he was still living a hale and hearty
old gentleman of near 84 years of age. His son, Hamilton <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avery</b>, who was born near the east line of Sheridan in 1822 left
here in 1845 and settled in Nashville, Tennessee. About a year afterwards he
married a neice [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] of President <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Polk</b>. Some two years after his marriage
he left Nashville and settled in Memphis, Tenn., where he died in 1860.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Manning <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b>, a younger brother of Abel, came from Vermont with Cyrus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> and Stephen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b> in the early part of the summer of 1816. It is asserted by
some that Manning <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> erected the
first store building and brought the first stock of goods to the Northern part
of Hanover. From the best information we can obtain we are led to believe that
Manning <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b> superintended or
erected the building under contract and after it was stocked with goods
assisted Stephen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b> in his store
in the capacity of clerk. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Case</b>
remained here but a few years. He finally settled in Buffalo and became quite
wealthy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Harry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b> was another early settler in this locality. We learn of his
being here as early as 1820. At our earliest recollection in 1825 he was
residing on a small farm about half or three-fourths of a mile west of this
village in a house he had erected himself. This was built after the John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> system. The sills, beams,
plates, rafters being hewn from trees, and two inch hemlock planed, pinned at
bottom and top with wooden pins, constituted the boarding. The cracks were
battened with strips of inch boards. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Among the first improvements
after the completion of his house Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b>
set out a small but choice apple orchard, which was in bearing at an early
period and was a source of great benefit both to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b> and all his neighbors for he was generous to a fault. No
person ever came to his house for fruit and was sent away empty handed if the
fruit was about his premises, further more he would have felt insulted had a
person insisted on paying for it. At that period when the country was new and
more sparsely settled people appeared to be more generous, liberal and kind to
each other, and were at all times ready to divide, especially with new comers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b> was a shoemaker by trade and followed that business for
several years. At that period it was customary for the farmer to take his hides
and pelts to the tanner to be tanned on shares, the article to be equally
divided when finished. The farmer would then employ the shoemaker to come to
his home in the fall of the year and make up shoes for the whole family; this
some times required from one to two weeks according to the number to be
provided for. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b> followed
this business of shoemaking among farmer for several years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He disposed of his property where
he resided to Jonathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b> and in
1829 bought property and moved to Smith’s Mills in this town. In 1834 he
returned to this village and remained here until 1843, when he emigrated to
Michigan. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b> was twice
married. His first wife left him two daughters and one son. The youngest of
those daughters we believe is Mrs. Devillo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">White</b>
of Fredonia. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones’</b> second wife
was the sister of Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>
Esq. of Sheridan, who was also one of our early settlers in this portion of
Hanover.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He was born in Western
Pennsylvania in the month of April, 1819. His parents emigrated to the town of
Hanover when he was but two years of age. They first settled on the farm of
Harry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b> where they resided about
one year. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> Sr. then
purchased a small place near Hanover Centre where he and his family resided another
year, subsequently he purchased a farm near Smith Mills where the family
resided many years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, the subject of this sketch, as above stated is now, and
has been for quite a number of years a resident of Sheridan, and has become
noted for making the nicest and whitest maple sugar made in the United States.
He is one of the few who has a relic of the big black walnut tree, the largest
tree ever found East of the Rocky mountains, (a full description of which we
shall give in our next chapter). When Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>
was quite a young man or rather nothing more than a lad he obtained a portion
of one of the limbs. This he took to a chair manufacturer and had a rolling pin
turned which he presented to his mother with the understanding that at her
demise it should become his. It is now in the possession of his family and Mr.
W. informs us is a relic he prizes much.<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC6<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 19 March 1884, Early History of Hanover,
Continued.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, a younger brother of Nehemiah and Cyrus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, left Vermont in September,
1816, for Chautauqua county. On his arrival at Camillus, Onondaga county, this
state, he stayed to visit a sister residing there and before he was ready to
resume his journey, he was taken with a serious sickness which kept him
confined to his room for six weeks. On his recovery he was offered a position
at his trade, carriage making. This he concluded to accept and remain at
Camillus until spring if not longer. When spring came he was offered great
inducement to remain longer, which was an equal interest in his employer’s
business. Their business was prosperous and on the 1<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span></sup> day of
December, 1818, Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> was
married to Roxy, daughter of Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seaver</b>,
of one of the old and highly respectable families formerly of the Mohawk
Valley. The grandfather of Mrs. H. was one of the first settlers of Montgomery
county, this state. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the spring of 1824 Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> disposed of his interest in the
carriage business at Camillus to his partner<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>and with his family reached the town of Hanover the first week<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in June of that year (1824). He at once
purchased the village lot where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bartlett</b>
is now erecting a dwelling house, from Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b>.
He immediately commenced to erect a building that would answer for a residence
for his family, and a portion of it for the time being to be used for a
carriage shop. He succeeded in getting this building, which had a frontage on
the street of thirty-six feet by twenty deep and an addition on the rear, up
and enclosed ready for a residence for his family before cold weather set in
the fall. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. H. brought from Onondaga
county with him the castings for a half dozen iron ploughs, the first iron
ploughs bro’t into the town of Hanover, and we think the first brought into
Chautauqua county. Previous to the introduction of the cast-iron plough farmers
used what was termed a wooden mold-board, with a wrought iron point made by any
ordinary blacksmith. During the winter of 1824 and 1825 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> worked at wagon making and
wooding these plough irons, using one end of his building for a shop. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We would here state that this
building is still in existence. About a year after its erection the property
passed out of the hands of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>.
The building was purchased by Mr. James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b>,
who settled here about that time, and he moved it to the opposite or north side
of Main street and some distance down the street. There additions were made to
it and it was occupied as a tavern for many years, first by James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> who was succeeded in the fall of
1829 by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Paddleford</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgan</b>, quite noted hotel keepers from
Batavia, this state. They only kept the house about one and a half years. In
the spring of 1831 the property passed into the hands of Baruch <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b>, who came here from Evans, Erie
county. About 1836 or 1837 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b>
sold the property to Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whitney</b> who
came here from near Rochester. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whitney</b>
kept this house for many years and in his hands it became quite a popular place
for those who traveled by their own conveyance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We are unable to state to whom
and at what time the property passed out of the hands of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whitney</b>. However the main part of the
building was again moved to the opposite side of Main street and some distance
down the street, and is now occupied as a tenement house. Outwardly it has
about the same appearance with the same small windows of 7 x 9 glass that it
had when Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> erected it,
sixty years ago. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the spring of 1825 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> imagined he could accumulate
property faster in a mercantile way than he could at wagon and carriage work.
As soon as the roads became passable that spring, he went to Buffalo and
purchased a stock of groceries from the late William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, who was so long an favorably known as a wholesale dealer
in groceries, drugs and medicines, by all Chautauqua county merchants of fifty
or sixty years ago. Previous to the purchase of these goods Mr. H. had rented
and fitted up a small one-story building that stood directly opposite the
street that led from Main street to the Fayette mills, near where Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wright</b> now resides. It was also nearly
directly across the street from where the big black walnut tree then lay, it
having been blown down in April 1822. Three two horse wagons with teams brought
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> stock of goods from
Buffalo here, and in the first week of June 1825, Mr. H. with John K. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lothridge</b> as clerk, then a youth of 17
or 18 year of age, opened up the first regular grocery store started in the
town of Hanover. Permit us here to state that Mr. John K. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lothridge</b>, from whom we received much of this information, died
some four or five years since at Battle Creek, Michigan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We must also diverge from our
biography of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> and give a
history of the Big Black Walnut Tree, which was without doubt by far the
largest tree that has ever been found east of the Rocky Mountains. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young’s</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of Chautauqua Co</i>. underrates this tree as to size. A
section of thirteen feet of this tree was cut off and after the bark was taken
from it was measured with a cord or small rope and found to be 31 feet in
circumference, and after all the decayed wood was hewn and cut away it left a
shell of very uniform thickness of about four inches and it was over 10 feet in
diameter. This tree grew partly in the highway, or rather when the highway was
surveyed the line took in about one-half the tree, the other half standing on
the Fayette mill property. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">When the administrators of
Nehemiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> estate and Mr.
Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b> sold the Fayette mill
property to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Platt</b> and Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> they reserved all their rights
and interest in the big black walnut with the privilege of its standing or if
it fell down remaining until they were ready to remove it. Very soon after Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> got his grocery store under way,
he conceived the idea of utilizing a portion of this tree as an annex to his
grocery. Up to that time the tree lay just as it fell when blown down some
three years previous. There had not been a move made to improve it or remove it
as far as any one knew any talk about it. Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> obtained from Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kidder</b>
and the administrators the right and privilege of cutting off a portion of it
and using it as previously stated. If at any time they had an opportunity of
disposing of it at a suitable price he was to surrender it by their paying him
the expense of his improvements after deducting a reasonable compensation for
rent [?]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> employed Mr. Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fisk</b>,
the father of Mr. Russel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fisk</b>, now
residing in Forestville, to superintend the cutting of the tree and making all
necessary improvements. When this section was cut off free from the roots and
the other portion of the body, it required four yokes of oxen and the
assistance of about a dozen oxen (?) to roll it out into the street where it
could be conveniently worked around. It was after this was accomplished that
the bark was taken off and the decayed wood was hewn and cut away. This
required the services of three or four men 4 or 5 days and when completed Mr.
Gilham <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, “another member of
the brotherhood of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heatons</b>” who just
then rode up on horseback got off his horse and led the animal through the
shell, then mounted the horse and rode him through by laying his head down
along side the horses neck. It was said the horse was quite a large one. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The next operation was to cut a
doorway through. This was done by sawing or cutting out a strip thirty inches
wide and eight feet high. When the shell was up this door was hung with some
strap hinges made by Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b> from
large bar iron and firmly bolted with three-fourth inch bolts running through
the wood. This shell was found to be knotty and curly, almost as hard as lignum
vitae. When these improvements were complete the shell was rolled across the
street to a spot that had been prepared for it alongside the grocery building
and placed up on end with the door fronting the street. This again required the
assistance of about the same number of men that it would to raise a large barn.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After it was in position the next
move was to put on a roof and put down a floor. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> also had a seat put inside commencing at one side of the
door and running around to the other side which gave a seating capacity of the
entire shell except the doorway. It has been stated that twenty full grown
persons were comfortably seated in this shell at one time. Mr. H. had a round
table made which was some four feet across the top and placed in the center of the
shell. At that early period it was the custom for nearly all merchants and
grocery keepers as well as taverns and inns to sell liquor and Mr. H. among the
others practiced that, but during the time he was running this grocery an
incident occurred which we shall speak of hereafter that caused him to become
one of the most ultra total abstinence men of that or any other age. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> kept several bottles of liquor, a pitcher of water, crackers
and cheese and other edibles on the round table. At that time there were large
numbers daily of foot travelers, many times as high as twenty to twenty-five,
also large numbers of teams, people moving west, nearly all of whom gave the
big black walnut tree a call and took a drink or sat down and rested from their
long walk. From this it acquired the title of a grocery being kept in a tree. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. H. had not had the tree in
occupancy but a short time before it was whispered that other[s] aspired to
become its owners. It was also stated that the highway commissioners laid claim
to it or a portion of it. Finally two people, one by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roberts</b>, residing near Fredonia, the
other <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stearns</b>, residing in Hanover,
purchased the interest of the town in the shell for a nominal sum and were
about to take legal steps to gain possession of it when the other parties
interested thought advisable to avoid a long and perhaps expensive litigation
and disposed of their interest to the other parties. But Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> was a loser in the operation of
nearly the whole amount of the expense he had been at in fitting it up. Had not
Mr. H. taken the matter in hand and had that portion of the tree cut off and
fitted up it is probable that it would have remained where it lay until it was
burned up to get it out the way as was done with a large portion of the
remainder. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> gave the purchasers of the tree possession of it the first
week of September 1825. They immediately set themselves to work to get it to
Buffalo. They arranged with (one informant was not quite sure but felt
positive) Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>, a merchant
of Dunkirk, who was the owner of a small schooner known as the Dunkirk Packet,
to tow the shell to Buffalo. The size prohibited it from being taken on board
any vessel on the lake at that time. The new owner employed Mr. Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fisk</b> to superintend taking the shell to
the lake and launching it. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fisk</b>
had a sort of carriage of trucks constructed by sawing off the ends of the
largest sugar maple logs he could find. These were eight or ten inches through.
They were trimmed into truck wheels with axles long enough so the shell could
lay between the wheels. This truck was complete and the shell loaded upon it
ready to be started on a Saturday noon. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The schooner in the meantime had
come from Dunkirk and lay off the mouth of Silver Creek at anchor waiting. They
hitched two strings of five yoke of oxen in each to the trucks and in the first
start the reach gave way and the forward trucks pulled from under the load.
This required rolling off the shell and repairing the trucks which took until
late Saturday night. Very early on Sunday morning they made a new start and
this time were more successful. They hauled it down through Main street of this
village. The writer, although then a young boy of five years of age, remembers
well of being called up early that Sunday morning to take a last look<span style="color: red;"> </span>of the big black walnut, as it passed his father’s
residence. They crossed Silver Creek at what is now known as Howard Street
Crossing (that was long previous to the opening of Dunkirk street) then down through
Newbury street to the lake where it was launched into Lake Erie and the vessel
succeeded in making fast to it and got under way the same afternoon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">They were fortunate in having
good weather and reached Buffalo the next a.m. The proprietors had a rough
board shanty erected near where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pratt</b>
& Co’s Hardware store is now situated, and as soon as they could do so they
got their White Elephant (for such it proved to be to them) on shore and inside
the shanty ready for exhibition. Up to this time their expenses had been far
greater than they anticipated and it was said their funds ran short before
their tree was taken on shore and they were compelled to borrow and pledge
their property for security. It was not long after they were ready for
exhibition before bad wet weather came on which continued nearly all that fall
and their receipts did but little more than meet their daily expenses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Our informant was unable to state
positively but was of the opinion that late in the fall the owners abandoned
the tree and let it go into the hands of the parties from whom they borrowed
money. This much is certain, the next Spring the tree had new owners who as
soon as the canal opened made preparations to take it to New York. When they
came to take measurement they found they would be unable to get it into an open
canal boat even and have it pass under many of the bridges between Buffalo and
Albany; they were compelled to resort to sawing it longitudinally into two
parts and placing them into an open boat. On arrival at New York they were
taken out and set up in a rough board shanty in the vicinity of where the City
Hall now stands. The two parts were held together by strips of bar iron riveted
or bolted through the timber. They were put together quite neatly so that a person
that did not know would not imagine that they ever were separate parts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The proprietors had some other minor
attractions but the tree itself drew immense crowds and the receipts in New
York were as much greater than expected as they were less in Buffalo. It soon
became the great attraction of the city and was visited by not only all the
prominent officials of the city but by the Governor and other prominent men of
the state. It was sold three times during its stay in New York. The proprietors
of the museum paying $1,500 for it and in the winter or late in the fall of
1827 sold it for $2,000 to go to London. It was exhibited at four or five
different points in London during the first three years it was there but was
finally purchased by a museum company, who were compelled to take out a part of
the wall or side of their building in order to get it inside and there it
remained until the building with the tree in it was destroyed by fire some 20
or 25 years ago, which was the end of the Big Black Walnut from the town of
Hanover.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 2 April 1884, Early History of Hanover,
Continued<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A short time after Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> lost the annex to his grocery
store, an incident occurred that caused him to become one of the most ultra
temperance men of that period, and he continued so through the remainder of his
life. On a Saturday afternoon two weeks from the day the big tree was started,
a party of ten or twelve Indians from the Cattaraugus reservation appeared at
the grocery and laid in a pretty heavy stock of liquor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But here let us state that the
Indians of sixty years ago were a different people from those residing on the
Cattaraugus reservation to-day. At that early period there were many of them
who could not be regarded more than half civilized. They had no comfortable
homes or habits of industry. They spent their time in hunting and fishing, by
which they gained their food. When there was no game to hunt or fish to be
caught the men made ax handles and their women baskets. The latter were
generally exchanged for food and old clothes while the men exchanged their
products for whiskey. However, the Indians at that time even were not all of
that class. There were then some good industrious hard working men among them
who had good cultivated farms and good cattle and horses with comfortable
dwellings. Among this latter class were the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jemmisons</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Halftowns</b>,
also one known as Little Jake, who had a good well cultivated farm and a
dwelling house that many white persons would have been proud to have been owner
of. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This party who visited Mr. H’s
grocery were of the former class. After they had obtained all the whiskey they
could get they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>started just before night
fall for the reservation but proceeded no farther than Oak Hill just east of
the village, and at the time covered with a dense wilderness which came down to
the road-side. Here this party decided to go into camp for the night and at
once commenced to make preparations by starting a large fire and gathering wood
and logs to keep up the fire through the night. After imbibing freely it is
supposed they dropped off into that deep sleep which usually overtakes those
who are thoroughly under the influence of intoxicating liquors. Some time
during the night one of their number by either falling or rolling over got into
the fire. On account of his condition from imbibing too much fire water or some
other cause he was unable to get out and there he lay until his companions were
awakened by his cries and rescued him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This Indian was burned about the
head, shoulders and back almost beyond description. The next morning, which was
Sunday, soon after daylight the whole party with their burned companion carried
by five or six others in a large wool blanket, appeared at the residence of Mr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> and asked to have something
done for their burned friend. It was impossible for Mr. H. to take the Indian
into his residence or give him shelter, but he immediately went for Doctor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b> who came and did all in his
power to alleviate the unfortunate man’s suffering. There was not much
probability that the Indian could live more than a day or two at fartherest [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] but the Doctor determined to do all
he could to save his life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Doctor had in process of
erection an addition to his dwelling house. In this there were two rooms which
were fully enclosed but other ways unfinished. One of them had a chimney and
fireplace so the room could be made comfortable if the weather became cold. It
was arranged that this Indian with three or four of his companions, who were to
remain and care for him should be assigned to those two rooms and everything
done to make the sufferer as comfortable as possible. For nearly three months
this burned Indian was an occupant of that room before he was well enough to
return to the reservation. Doctor Burgess during the time attended him
professionally and as humanely as though the sufferer were a white man of the
higher order instead of a poor dissipated Indian. The Doctor said it was a
human being he was attending, that was all it was necessary for him to know.
The Indian finally recovered, but ever after was known by the name of And Iron.
Whether or not he received this name from being burned we are unable to state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This accident had the effect of
revolutionizing Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton’s</b> liquor
traffic. He remarked that notwithstanding the Indians were but partially
civilized they were enough so that they knew that the person who sold them the
whiskey should be held responsible for the effects of it. The next morning
(Monday) Mr. H. went to his place of business and among his first acts was to
turn the last drop of his liquor upon the ground. He had fully resolved that he
would never be held responsible for another affair of that kind, and as he
never indulged in the use of it himself he had no use for the stuff.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The loss of the shell of the big
walnut tree and the accident to the Indian had a discouraging affect [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] upon Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, so that his mercantile ambition had become cooled off.
During the following winter he closed out his entire stock and gave up the
business. The Messrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kipps</b>, ship
carpenters and vessel owners of Buffalo, had advertised a schooner known as the
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fayette Packet</i> for sale. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> went to Buffalo in the early
spring of 1826 and negotiated with the owners for this schooner, hoping to
retrieve his fortune and regain some of the money he had lost in merchandising
and other ventures. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. H. employed an experienced
and well known Captain by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burch</b>,
who had had several years experience in sailing out of New Bedford, Mass.,
previous to coming to the Lakes. At that time there were no large cargoes of
grain from the west and the principal business was coasting between Buffalo,
Erie, Cleveland, Sandusky and the mouth of Maumee river, then called Manhattan,
near where the city of Toledo now stands. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> went on board the Fayette Packet in the capacity of
super-cargo. They left Buffalo on their first trip the first week in May with a
small cargo of merchandise for Erie, Penn. There they obtained a cargo of
lumber and staves for Buffalo. They continued the coasting trade, between
Buffalo and Sandusky with varied success. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About the middle of August found
them in Sandusky with freights dull and no very favorable prospects of their
immediately being any better. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>
took the Fayette Packet over to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kelley’s</b>
Island (at that time it was known as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cunningham’s</b>
Island) and purchased a cargo of lime stone and sailed for Cleveland, where he
sold his cargo to a Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b> with
the understanding that it was to be paid for on their next trip, which they
expected would be from four to six weeks, but as Mr. H. was never in Cleveland
again that debt has not become due and is still unpaid. However, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> learned the next spring that
during that winter Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b> failed
in business and was unable to pay, for that reason he thought it folly to spend
money in going there to try to collect it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After discharging their cargo
they returned to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cunningham’s</b> Island
and purchased another cargo of limestone for Buffalo. When this was taken on
board they went over to the city of Sandusky and took on a deck load of
watermelons for Buffalo, with the owner as passenger. Also an enterprising yankee
[<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] from Connecticut had been
spending the summer near Fremont, Ohio, (then called Upper Sandusky) and had
captured or purchased two young bears about two thirds or three fourths grown
which he was anxious to take back to Connecticut with him. He negotiated for a
passage for himself and young wild animals which he had in a large wooden cage.
In addition each bear had a strap about his neck with a small trace chain
attached to it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A short time before leaving
Sandusky two others, an old man and his son, who had spent the winter previous
in hunting in the big black or Maumee swamp and the summer at work on a farm
near Sandusky, engaged passage for Buffalo. The vessel got under way just
before nightfall and was favored with a fine breeze off the land through the
night, after sunrise the next morning a light breeze springing up from the
south and west, which continued until next sundown. During the latter part of
the day the Yankee and the old hunter and his son got into a discussion over
some trifling matter and continued until all three of the parties became
greatly excited and hot and angry words passed between them until Captain <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burch</b> felt it his duty to interfere. He
succeeded in quelling the excitement and stopping the angry words but had no
influence over their feelings. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About sundown all hands were
called below to supper. The passengers all responded to the call excepting the
younger one of the two hunters. It was noticed that he did not come below until
the others were nearly through their meal. The cage of the two young bears had
been placed close to and just forward the foremast. During the day the bear had
been let out the cage with chains made fast to one of the slats which was
nothing more than part of an oak stave nailed to a strip of white wood plank.
The bears were thus enabled to walk about the deck to the extent of the length
of their chains. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">When the owner came up from
supper he discovered his cubs loose and making their supper on watermelons. He
made a start rather excitedly to secure them, when both cubs sprang for the
foremast and commenced rapidly to ascend. The Yankee was quick enough to catch
hold of the chain of one, which he compelled to come down. The other continued
his upward course until he reached the cross-trees. There he seated himself,
holding on with one arm of forepaw around the mast-head. The wind had died away
and the vessel lay almost motionless, so that the bear was about as comfortable
there as he would have been in a tree top. All efforts either of persuasion or
compulsion did not appear to have any effect towards bringing him to the deck.
No one cared to go up to force him down. There he sat as complacent and serene
as though he had been sent up there for a lookout. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was becoming dark and Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burch</b> said to the owner, if the animal
did not come down through the night, on their reaching Buffalo the next morning
he would lasso him and hitch a tackle to him and lower him down. It became
evident to all that while the others were at supper and the men were in the
forecastle or lounging aft, the young hunter out of revenge had pried off the
slat and let the bears loose, but he denied all knowledge of it. Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burch</b> afterward said that if it had not
been for fear of drowning the man he would have liked to throw him overboard to
punish him for his ugliness. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Soon after the sun disappeared in
the west, dark and angry-looking clouds made their appearance there, and as<span style="color: red;"> </span>darkness came on it soon became evident that they
were to have some rough weather. Then Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burch</b> regretted that he had not made an effort to bring down Bruin
before it became too dark to attempt it. However the Captain thought that a
heavy rain or the wind and rolling of the vessel might convince the young
sailor that his safety depended upon his returning to the deck and resuming his
place in his cage. As time passed the darkness increased and the distant
thunder and lightning far to the rear of them, but which was rapidly
approaching nearer and nearer, indicated what they might soon expect. All hands
were called and fore sail and flying jib were taken in, a double reef was taken
in the main sail, and standing jib and everything made taut and snug, ready for
the gale when it struck them, which it was not long in doing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In a short time they were
scudding before the gale at the rate of ten miles an hour. Neither was it long
before there was a heavy sea running and as it came directly after them the vessel
rolled fearfully. A close watch was kept for a while to see if Bruin did not
come down, but nothing was seen of him, and in the intense darkness they were
unable to determine whether he was at his post or not. The vessel took on board
considerable water, and some of the deck load of melons were washed overboard.
The cage with the other bear in it had been placed upon some blocks and chained
to the foremast. Soon after midnight the gale commenced to die away and the sea
to run down, but there was still enough sea to make it quite unpleasant for the
landsmen. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">They made Buffalo harbor about
daylight next morning. As soon as it was light enough to see, all eyes were
turned upward to the mast-head, but there was no bear there. He had either
blown or rolled off into the lake. Captain <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burch</b>
was of the opinion that the bear was rolled into the lake at the time the gale
first struck the vessel, as then she was almost thrown upon her beam’s end but
as quickly righted. As soon as the vessel came near enough to the wharf for
them to do so, the old hunter and his son jumped ashore and were not long in
getting out of sight. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As was expected the Yankee
mourned greatly for his lost cub. He not only set great store by him but in his
estimation, bears, especially twin bears, were of great value in Connecticut
where he was going. He had anticipated getting a large sum for the two, but one
alone was of little value. He found some shyster of a lawyer in Buffalo who
told him the schooner was liable for the value of his animal for two reasons: a
passenger had let him loose, and the Captain had neglected to secure the bear
when he could do so. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Rather than have the schooner
libeled, which the fellow threatened doing, and to save expense, even if
successful in litigation, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>
refunded the Yankee his passage money and paid him $30. With this the Yankee
took his remaining cub and started on a canal boat for Albany. After this event
the Fayette Packet made two trips to Erie and one to Ashtabula that fall. Each
time her cargo down was staves and lumber. She was laid up in Buffalo early in
the season and when the crew and all debts were paid off it was found the
Fayette Packet had a small amount on the credit side of the ledger, but not
enough to pay the risk and services of her super-cargo, so the investment was
not regarded as a good one. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>
had an opportunity of disposing of her at a small advance on what he paid the
Messrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kipps</b> for her, and so early
the next spring the Fayette Packet became the property of other parties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the spring of 1827 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> resumed the carriage and wagon
making business, which he continued until the fall of 1828, when he contracted
with Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> to quarry the stone
for sinking the piers for the wharf Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
at that time commenced building. In this contract Mr. H. was enabled to give
employment to twelve or fifteen men through the winter until late the next
spring. He had however kept one man and an apprentice employed in his wagon
shop attending to the repairs, so that in the spring of 1829 he was enabled to
resume the business himself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the spring of 1830 he engaged
with Capt. Bushnell <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>, a
carpenter of this village, to go to Buffalo and jointly engage in the building
and contracting business. Among the many buildings they erected was one for the
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whiting</b> Clock Company, which was
located on Niagara street near where the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clarke</b>
Manufacturing Company is now situated. Some years afterward this building was
destroyed by fire. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In April, 1832, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> lost his wife who left him with
six small children, the youngest but a few weeks old. This one and another son
aged eight years survived their mother but a few months. Soon after this the
cholera became epidemic in Buffalo. He returned to Silver Creek and resumed his
old business of wagon and carriage making, which he continued for some years.
During this time several young men learned the business of him. Among them was
Edmund <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b>, who is still here in
the business which he has continued for 50 years past. A half century is a long
time for a man to remain in one business in the same village where he learned
his trade. In 1839 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> came
in possession of some real estate at Eden Valley, Erie Co., this state. He
moved there in the summer of 1840, and died there March 15, 1842, aged only 45
years and 6 months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 4-9-1884, Early History of Hanover, Continued.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Captain Bushnel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>, a native of the town of
Stillwater, Saratoga county, this state, emigrated to Chautauqua county and
settled in the town of Hanover early in the spring of 1822. Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> had been married but a short
time when he came here. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young’s</b> History of Chautauqua Co. puts
him down as a captain of a lake vessel. This is a mistake. He received his
title of captain from being a commander of a military company). He at once
engaged in the building business and first had charge of directing a building
which was intended for a dwelling but was afterwards used for a store for a
short time. It stood on the ground where Mr. Sol. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b> now resides, but was destroyed by fire some years since. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> also had charge of the construction of the house for Luther
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>; also when that building was
sold to Jas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> and moved to the
opposite side of the street, he had charge of its removal, and the construction
of the additions which were necessary to make it suitable for a hotel or
tavern, as all public houses or places of entertainment were called at that
period. He also superintended the construction of the large barns that were put
up in connection with this house. In the winter of 1828 or early spring of 1829
Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> purchased from the
late Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> the lot on which H.
J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Newton</b> now resides, and built a
small but neat dwelling house intending it for his own residence for some time,
but in the spring of 1830 when he determined to go to Buffalo and engage in the
building business with Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>,
he disposed of this property to Major C. C. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Among the many buildings erected
in Buffalo by Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> and
Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>, was<span style="color: red;"> </span>quite a large one on Niagara St. for the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whiting</b> Clock Co. which was afterwards
destroyed by fire. They also did the carpenter work on the stone cottage for
Dr. Ebenezer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b>, situated on
Delaware St. above Mohawk. At the time of erection and for some years
afterwards, this was quite a noted building. This building was also destroyed
by fire some years afterwards. As stated in a previous chapter, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> lost his wife in April, 1832,
and the summer following returned to this village. Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> remained in Buffalo some five or six years, when he
emigrated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which was then just commencing to boom. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> had been connected with a military company for a long time
previous to his leaving Saratoga Co. He had a great love and ambition for
military display. He was rather large in stature and of a fine form and made a
splendid looking officer. In the winter of 1825 he commenced to organize a
military company here. He succeeded in getting a roll of 35 names. Several of
them however resided in the adjacent country. They met quite a number of times
during the winter for drill. Early the next spring they determined to uniform
and make their first public parade on the coming Fourth of July. They decided
to call themselves The Washington Guards. Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> was chosen their Commander, with Alanson <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tower</b> and Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Convis</b> [?] as First and Second Lieutenants. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Their uniform consisted of a
leather, bell-crowned cap, such as were worn by the regular army of that
period; their coats were of blue cloth, with small standing collar, of the
swallow-tail pattern, and with large gilt buttons, and white epaulets on the
shoulder. Their caps were trimmed with a large white feather with red top, and
also displayed a large amount of white cotton braid and cord, and a large tin
shield with an eagle stamped on it. Their pants were of white drilling
(bleached) with about eight inches of black bombazine around the bottom. There
were six or eight of their number who had been unable to obtain their full
uniform, but had extemporized a blue cloth coat of the swallow-tail cut and an
ordinary bell-crowned fur hat, such as was worn in those days, with the feather
and tin shield attached. The white pants and other parts of the uniform were
easily obtained. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Their guns were bright and new,
and with the other equipments furnished by the state came direct from the
armory or arsenal. At this time (the spring of 1826) James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> had purchased the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>
buildings and had then moved on to the ground and was busily engaged in
converting them into a tavern. As soon as it was settled that the coming Fourth
of July should be celebrated here by a public parade of the Washington Guards,
the young people also determined to have an independent ball at the New Tavern
as it was called. In order to insure its full completion in time for this
event, it became necessary to double the force of workmen on the house, also to
keep them at work late nights as far as practicable. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As the day came near, the news
went all over the surrounding vicinity that there was to be a grand celebration
on the Fourth of July at Fayette, as the place was then called. With the
citizens there was one drawback. They had no artillery. There was none nearer
than Fredonia, and even if <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">they</i> had a
gun it was supposed they would require it for their own celebration and
therefore would not care to lend it. The idea of celebrating the Fourth of July
without artillery to awaken the people Independence morning was preposterous. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The old adage that necessity is
the mother of invention, proved true here. The night previous to the Fourth,
four or five of the young men of the village supplied themselves with powder
and other materials and shortly after midnight went to the blacksmith shops of
Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b> and Jonathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b>. From the former they took two
anvils and from the latter one. These they took to the middle of the street at
the east end of Walnut creek bridge. Each anvil contained a hole about 1 ¾<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or 1 ½ inches square and 6 or 8 inches deep.
Into each of these they put from ¼ to ½ pound of fine-rifle powder, then drove
in firmly a plug with a priming hole through the center, made from hard wood. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As the first indications of day
made their appearance these young men commenced to fire their artillery, which
they continued for some time at intervals of about three or four minutes. It
was necessarily slow for for [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] it
required time to load their pieces. The report was fully equal to that of an
eight or ten-pound cannon, and as it vibrated over the hills and echoed through
the valleys in the early morning, the people came pouring out of their houses
as though a bombardment like that against Ft. Sumpter was being poured upon the
village. It was not long before Independence day and Bunker Hill were brought
to memory and the day was ushered in with joy and gladness. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About 8 o’clock the people from
the surrounding country, dressed in their best holiday attire, came pouring
into town. Most of them came for a day of enjoyment, while others had
speculation in their mind’s eye and came with their wagons loaded with
gingerbread, sweet cake, pies and spruce beer. These sought favorable positions
in the fence corners and other places along the street. The Washington Guards
had been warned to appear armed and equipped as the law directs at the house of
James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> at 9 o’clock a.m. of
that day. Soon after that hour they commenced to arrive and at 10 o’clock
precisely the line was formed with right resting to the east. Immediately
afterwards the orderly sergeant approached the parlor of the hotel and informed
Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> that his command
awaited his pleasure. Followed by his Lieutenants, the Captain proceeded to the
head of the company and while they stood with present arms he marched down in
front and back in the rear, viewing and inspecting each man as critically as
though he was reviewing the army of Napoleon Bonaparte. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On arriving at his proper
position he gave the necessary commands, but when his company attempted to form
into two platoons by wheeling, it would have brought a smile upon the face of a
West Pointer. However, by pushing, hauling and shoving, the men were finally
got into position. They then marched up street and down street three or four
times, preceded by fife and drums. After manouvering [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>abou<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">t</i> the streets for a couple of hours,
they proceeded to an open field[,] which is now the public square, where they
practiced the manual of arms for a while. Then they commenced firing, first by
company, then by platoon, then at will, to the full and entire satisfaction of
the small boy and his female companion, who were out in full force. After they
were through firing the Washington Guards marched back to their rendezvous and
were dismissed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Toward nightfall the young men
who had been hard at work in the corn field or hay field for the past ten days
or two weeks for the purpose of obtaining funds to defray the expense of this
independence ball, commenced to make their appearance, accompanied by their
girls, decked out in white<span style="color: red;"> </span>cambric dresses
trimmed with pink or blue satin ribbon with small dainty slippers on their feet
and white cotton gloves on their hands. As darkness made its appearance the
ball room of Jas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> was
illuminated with two tallow candles to each window, stuck into a socket
attached to a tin reflector. It must be remembered that this was a period
before the advent of the Chinese fire cracker or torpedo or before the
introduction of the Roman candle and fiery serpent or before that invention of
the Evil One, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">toy pistol</i>. Their
fireworks consisted of squibs made by dampening a small amount of powder and
filling a goose quill first by a layer of damp powder, then of dry, until the
quill was full. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Soon after dark music from a
cracked violin and squeaking clarionet [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
struck up, and the dancers commenced while the firing of muskets and goose
quill squibs was going on in the street. The dance continued until about 12
o’clock, when an adjournment for refreshments was announced. Each young man
selected his Jerusha, and proceeded to the dining room, where they sat down to
an ample supper of roast pig, chicken pie, and other edibles of like nature.
After supper the company returned to the ball room and resumed the dance, which
was kept up until daylight did appear. Thus ended the first celebration of
Independence day in this village. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The organization of the
Washington Guards was kept up for many years. Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> was succeeded in command by Capt. W. D. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Talcott</b>, who came here in 1833 from
Connecticut. During the command of Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Talcott</b>,
this company was invited and took part in the celebration and erecting the Log
Cabin in Fredonia in August, 1840. Some years afterwards Capt. W. D. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Talcott</b> was succeeded in command by his
son Chauncey, who was in command and took the company to the front during the
late war at the call of the President for one-hundred-day men. Since the close
of the late war the organization of Washington Guards has been allowed to drop
out of existence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>, whose wife was a sister of Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>, also a native of Saratoga Co., came here at the time with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> was a farmer and very soon after his arrival here articled
from the Holland Land Co. a farm on the lake shore just west of the village,
which Mr. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dalrymple</b> now owns.
This lot was an entire wilderness and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>
was compelled to find shelter for his wife and two children until he could cut
off the timber and clear a space for a house. To accomplish this as soon as
possible he worked early and late, often spending the entire night on the
place, chopping by the light of brush fires until he was compelled to suspend
work for the need of rest. As soon as he had a couple of acres cleared off by
the help of his brother-in-law <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>
he built himself a very comfortable frame house and small barn and set the
remainder of his cleared land to fruit trees, principally apple. He continued
to chop and clear away the timber as fast as he could do so, occasionally
employing help, until he had 15 or 20 acres suitable for cultivation, on which he
raised wheat and corn for the support of his family. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Previous to leaving Saratoga Co.
he disposed of his property there and held a bond and mortgage for the payment
of most of the purchase money. At the time he articled his place here he
expected the money due him in Saratoga Co. to meet the payments here. For that
reason he took a short article. By doing so he could save considerable money on
the purchase. In the early summer of 1827 a family by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b>, consisting of man and wife and
four children – two grown up sons and two daughters, -- came here from the
southern part of the county and settled in the village. They did not appear to
have any occupation and the old gentleman and sons spent their time in looking
over the country. After they had been here three or four months the old
gentleman and his oldest son quietly with their team left town one morning, no
one taking interest enough to inquire to where they had gone. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After three or four days they as
quietly returned as they went. Next morning their household effects or the
principal part of them were loaded into their wagon and the whole family
started for some place, no one knew where. They passed down through Main and
Newbury streets to the lake, where they crossed the creek in the edge of the
lake, then followed the shore to the high bank and appeared in front of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b> house. All hands at once set
themselves at work in putting <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b>
household goods out of doors and theirs inside the house. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> was off some distance from the house chopping. His wife and
two children were there alone. Mrs. S. protested and asked for an explanation,
but the new comers did not stop to give any, but said to her, if she kept out
of their way she would not get hurt. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">She put her two young children in
a safe place and started to acquaint her husband of what was taking place. He
returned with her but found the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b>
in full possession of his house with all his effects piled up promiscuously in
the field. When he asked them for an explanation they told him they were the
legal owners of the property, that they had obtained peaceable possession, and
they intended to retain it. They said further that his article had expired
nearly a year previous, and that he had failed to renew it or make any payments
on the property. Therefore he had lost all right and title to it. They said
they then held an article for the farm which they had obtained from the Holland
Land Co. by making a first payment and paying the interest on <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b> contract. In this way they
gained advantage of all the improvements that had been made on the property by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> found that he was dispossessed of his home and his wife and
children turned out of doors, his heart nearly sank within him. He immediately
came over to the village to consult with his brother-in-law <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> who at once returned with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> and not withstanding the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> had made good preparation for
defense during the absence of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>
by securing five or six well trimmed clubs which they had in handy position
should they be required. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> and
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> immediately set themselves
at work to throw <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson’s</b> goods out
of doors and put <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b> back in
the house. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> was a large
powerful man, full of energy and perseverance, and when the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> attempted to interfere he laid
one sprawling on the right hand and another on the left. He afterwards said he
would have succeeded in putting the whole family with all their effects out of
doors and keeping them there had not the woman interfered and brought the clubs
that had been prepared into requisition and belabored him soundly while he was
piling their men folks up out of doors. He could not muster courage sufficient
to strike a woman. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The affair resulted in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> keeping possession of the property,
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>, who had worked hard and
industriously for four or five years in clearing the land and making
improvements, did not get a cent for them, but the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> commenced a suit against him and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> for an assault by employing Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mullett</b> of Fredonia. They obtained a judgment for one hundred
dollars. Then <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> turned in and
commenced a suit against the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b>
for illegal proceedings in obtaining possession of the property. This time
Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mullett</b> was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b> attorney and he obtained a
judgment against the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> for a
hundred dollars. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">So one hundred dollars offset the
other and the men had their experience for the expense and costs. The locality
was known for many years as Bloody Point. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>
once more found shelter for his family here in the village for three or four
months and after receiving his money from Saratoga Co. he left here for the far
west. He said he would go far beyond the dominion and influence of the Holland
Land Co. He brought up in Wisconsin where the city of Madison now is. That
country was then known as the North-western Territory, and was regarded as
being farther away and less accessible than Australia now is. By the great rise
in property <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> became very
wealthy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 23 April 1884, Early History of Hanover, Continued.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Among the greatest privations the
early settlers of this portion of Hanover had to endure was a lack of
amusements, social gatherings and places of entertainmonts [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]. Even the old-fashioned spelling
school was often turned into a social gathering and highly enjoyed. It was no
unusual thing for the older scholars of our school to go three or four miles
away to attend a spelling match with a neighboring school. The apple parings or
paring bees were another place where the younger portion of the community met
for enjoyment and pleasure, and at times some of the older members of society
favored these places with their presence and appeared to enjoy them highly. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Next in the scale of amusements
was the public ball which was held at some tavern or other public place that
was convenient. These balls were usually held on Christmas or New Years eve or
evening, or on the evening of the Fourth. The latter were usually called
Independence balls. We gave a description of one of them in a previous chapter.
We must here relate an incident that caused quite a ripple of excitement for
the time being at the expense of one of our worthy citizens. The young people
were making preparations for a Christmas ball at the house of James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> on Christmas following their Independence
ball of July 4, 1826. The matter had been talked over for some time and
preparations were being made for a grand affair. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At the time there were no regular
religious meetings held excepting Sunday evening when all the religious
community and those religiously inclined met at the school house for prayer
meeting. On the Sunday evening previous to the Christmas eve when this ball was
to be held, one of the worthy brothers who was noted for his long exhortations,
generally addressed to the younger portion of the community, arose and
commenced to exhort the young people to refrain from attending the Christmas
ball. He held out the argument that there was no real enjoyment—that the
pleasures claimed to be had at a ball were transitory and void. After talking a
few moments he became deeply warmed up to his subject and exclaimed, “My young
friends, I presume I have attended more than a hundred Christmas balls in my
younger days and never yet received any real or lasting enjoyment from it.” He
had in his excitement forgotten that Christmas comes but once a year and he was
yet far from being an old man. However he was truly a good man and if he did
not have the pleasure of living to enjoy a hundred Christmases he came near to
it. His life was spared and he continued to reside here until a few years
since, when he was gathered to his fathers, past the age of ninety years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The first entertainment of a
dramatic nature came off early in the month of November, 1827. There came to
the tavern one day about noon (they had remained over at Fredonia the night
before and given an exhibition there) a gentleman, his wife and daughter. The
young lady was apparently 18 or 20 years of age. They were traveling by their
own conveyance, which consisted of a pair of worn out horses with a covered but
somewhat dilapidated vehicle, with harness to match. Shortly before reaching
here their carriage broke down so that it became necessary for them to remain
over a day or two for repairs. The gentleman announced that he had been manager
of a theater in Philadelphia, Pa., and was then on his way to Albany, this
state, to take the management of one there. He also stated that his daughter
was an actress of great merit and drew large houses whenever she appeared. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Very soon after noon the
gentleman started out with his hands filled with small bills which he
distributed liberally at every house, announcing that there would be a dramatic
entertainment in the ball room of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris’</b>
Tavern that evening. “Price of admission 25 cts., children half price.” When
the hour came for the performance to commence they had an audience of 30 or 35
persons. Their stage scenery was of the most simple and cheap order. In fact
all they had pertaining to it was a coarse cheap oil painting on canvass,
representing a lake scene in Switzerland, which was about the size of an
ordinary bedspread. This was hung up across the ball room about ten or twelve
feet from the end, the audience occupying the largest portion of the room. For
a dressing room they occupied a sleeping room that opened into the ball room.
However we do not think that a dressing room was required, for there was not
much change of wearing apparel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> employed a man for hostler who was the owner of an old
cracked violin, on which he could play a few ordinary dancing tunes. This
individual was employed and constituted the orchestra. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris’</b> son was also employed to shove the drop curtain back and
forth to one side of the room whenever it was required. We are unable to give
the name of the play, but remember distinctly some of the characters
represented. The three members of the family, namely the man, his wife and
daughter, took part. The young lady endeavored to represent two characters,
that of a very dissipated young man, also that of a young lady with whom the
young man was deeply in love. The man and wife were represented as the parents
of the young lady, who were deeply grieved to think their daughter would
entertain any affection for such an inebriate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the young lady represented the two, both
could not appear on the stage at the same time, but it required but a moment to
metamorphose one to the other. It was done by putting on and off an old, well
jammed or mashed plug hat and an overcoat belonging to the landlord with large
side pockets, in which were plainly visible two black junk bottles from which
the young man improved frequent opportunities of imbibing when he was not
observed by the old people. At the same time he was protesting every few
moments that if the parents would only allow their daughter to marry him he
would never drink another drop. The old people had no confidence in his
protestations, but after his departure or exit the young lady would come in and
inquire if her lover had been there and when told that he had but shortly left,
and the condition he was in, her grief was intense, and it so affected one or
two of the female portion of the audience, that they could not restrain their
tears. The scene finally closed by the parents telling the young man to go away
to sea and if he returned at the end of two years a sober and better man and
with a certain sum of money, he could have their daughter. They were compelled
to remain over the second night before their carriage was repaired, but did not
receive sufficient encouragement to attempt another entertainment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A few months previous to this
dramatic affair, we think it was in September, there came along a broken down
menagerie, in those days called a caravan. They had been exhibiting in
south-western Pennsylvania and Ohio and were on their way east to winter and
recuperate. They had but a few animals, among them a white and brown camel, a
zebra, a poor old lion, one or two tigers, and a few minor animals. They
stopped over with James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> and
spread their tent in a field back of his barn and exhibited one afternoon. This
was our first show of wild animals. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Early in June of 1833 or 1834 Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nichols</b>, the great circus man of that period, favored us with a
visit with his circus and exhibited on the square in front of the Silver Creek
House. This was purely a circus. It was before the time of consolidating
menageries and circuses. They had been on the road but a short time;
consequently all their equipments and trappings were bright and new. Their
actors and employes [<i>sic</i>] were gentlemanly and respectful. Their horses
were in fine condition, well trained and made a fine appearance. The village
and surrounding country had been well billed for three or four weeks previous
to their coming. The day was an exceedingly fine one and notwithstanding they
gave but one performance and that in the evening, the people came in from the
country in vast numbers. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This was the first circus to appear here and the first that many ever
witnessed, so that when night came, their vast tent was filled to overflowing.
Everything passed off in apple pie order until they came to an act where a
pretended drunken man enters the ring and insists on riding. This was carried
out to perfection. A very attractive young lady had rode around the ring three
or four times when an exceedingly loaferish-looking fellow entered the ring
from among the audience, and had an altercation with the ring-master and clown
(apparently he was very drunk). He insisted upon being permitted to ride. He
stated that he could do it as well as the young lady who had left the horse a
few moments before. The ring master declined to let him try, telling him that
in his condition he would fall from the horse and break his neck. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">At the time there were two or three schooners lying at the pier, the
men of which were all at the circus. After the ring master and clown had argued
with the apparently much inebriated man for a few moments, and insisted upon
his leaving the ring, which he declined to do, two of the sailors jumped into
the ring and instantly throwing off their coats were about to clinch the man
and throw him out. The ring master saw they were in earnest and unless nipped
in the bud there might be trouble. He and the clown placed themselves between
the sailors and the pretended drunken man and thanked them for their kind offer
of assistance, but told them they could manage the fellow, that he was so
anxious to ride they believed they would let him do it, but they had given him
sufficient warning so if he fell off and broke his neck there would be no one
to blame but himself. The sailors said they would just as soon throw the fellow
outside the tent as not, and if the ring master needed any of their assistance
they were ready. After thanking them again for their kind offer, he insisted
upon their taking their places among the audience.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the meantime the fellow had
made three or four attempts at mounting the horse. With the clown’s assistance
he succeeded in getting up on the horse’s back but each time would go clear
over on to the ground on the opposite side, but would crawl under the horse’s
belly to his former position, the horse standing perfectly quiet all the time. Finally
after the sailors had got clear of the ring the fellow became seated on the
horse which immediately started on a run. After going around the ring in a
reeling condition, in which he came near falling off the horse two or three
times, he sprang upon his feet, standing upon the horse’s back, which was going
at the top of its speed. The fellow commenced to throw off the old clothes
which he continued to do until he came out in the usual dress of the riders.
Then such a shout went up at the expense of the two sailors that it appeared as
though it could have been heard a mile or more away. When the sailors saw they
had been victims of their own ignorance, they felt cheap enough and were
compelled to put up with the derision and jeers of their companions. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The next great show that visited the town of Hanover exhibited at
Forestville, we think in June, either 1835 or 1836. This was advertised to be
the most immense, gigantic and greatest menagerie with the largest number of
wild animals that had ever traveled. Among the many attractions were 128 gray
horses. These were used for transporting their animals and paraphernalia. There
were no incidents worthy of mention at this exhibition, only as the time
arrived for the man to go into the cage with the lions, which also contained a
leopard and small tiger, the audience were driven back to the opposite side of
the tent and two or three strong ropes made fast fronting them to keep them
back some distance from the cage. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The manager then mounted a chair and said to the audience that a day or
two before, while the man was in the cage going through the exercises with the
lion, he was set upon by the leopard or tiger, whichever it was that occupied
the cage with the lion. The animal caught the man in the back of the neck with
its jaws and bit him tremendously and the man’s life was only saved by the
promptness of the employes [<i>sic</i>]. Should anything of the kind occur that
day, while the man was in the cage, he asked the audience to remain perfectly
cool and quiet—that the man’s life would depend upon their doing so, for if
there should be any great noise or excitement the animals could not be
restrained. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">While the manager was talking some ten or twelve men, employes [<i>sic</i>],
came in from an adjoining tent armed with long round iron bars sharpened at one
end, others with long clubs, and two of them had guns, and took position in
front of the wagon containing the cage. As soon as the manager was through with
his speech the man who was to go in with the wild animals, made his appearance
with the back of his head and neck bandaged, with large blood spots showing
through the bandage. After giving the ferocious little animal a good sound
beating with the iron bars, the two men with guns already cocked and pointed
into the cage, the man entered and went through the exercise with the lion by
opening the lion’s mouth with his hands and placing his head and face in it. As
this man placed his head with that bloody bandage between the lion’s jaws we
are sure that vast audience stood with hushed breath, not even the slightest
noise could be heard, and every individual breathed freer when the man was
safely out of the cage. It was reported, we do not know whether there was any
truth in the report or not, that a month or six weeks after they were here,
while exhibiting near Cincinnati, the man was again attacked by the same animal
and bitten so badly he died. This company exhibited at Fredonia the following
day.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The next public entertainment we had in the village of Silver Creek,
came off in the early spring of 1835. It was of dramatic nature and composed
entirely of home talent. Mr. William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>
who was our leading tailor at the time had in his employ a couple of journeymen
who had traveled over a large portion of the globe. Although they had never met
until they became fellow workmen for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>
they became bosom companions. They each professed to possess dramatic talent
and had a love and ambition for the excitement of the stage. They commenced in
the early winter to talk the matter up with the different young men of the
village, and to select from among the young people, those who were willing to
take part in the affair and assign to them such characters as they thought each
one most competent to represent. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">One of these tailors who was the leader in the affair was known by
the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cognomen of Tim Twist, but real name
was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b>, name of the other was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b>. We believe they were both
natives of the Green Isle. As previously stated these knights of the needle
commenced in the early winter to talk the matter up. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon’s</b> tailor shop was a place of resort for many of the young
men of the village, and these two jou[e]rs used to delight in telling of the
many dramatic affairs in which they had taken part and in giving exhibitions of
their dramatic skill by rehearsing portions of Shakespeare and other poets.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was finally determined that if a suitable room could be obtained to
make a trial. They conferred with Mr. Jonathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b>, proprietor of the Silver Creek House, and found that they
could have the ball room of that house for rehearsals and for public
exhibition. They then made their selection of persons who were to take part in
the performance and assigned to each one the different characters they were to
represent.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The play selected was Damon and Pithias, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b> took
the leading parts. Next came Mr. B. Wilber <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cotton</b>,
then a resident of Silver Creek, but previous to that time and many years since
has been a resident of Fredonia. Mr. Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wight</b>
who is still a resident with us came next, John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roll</b>, who died two or three years after, and a Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Slosson</b>, a school teacher here at the
time, with two or three others whose names have passed from our memory,
constituted the male portion. The ladies were represented by Miss Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Trask</b>, Mrs. Persis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holmes</b>, Miss Lydia Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mason</b>,
Miss Eliza Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gates</b>, Misses Roxana
and Susan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>. This company met
once a week for some time for rehearsal and it would have made the genius of
Romance tear every hair from his historic head could he have been present to
witness the wild fury of those two stage struck tailors. Passion was rent into
more pieces than they could sew together during their natural lives. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The long looked for time came after a while for a public exhibition,
and for three nights our citizens and those living in the vicinity, as well as
several from Forestville and Fredonia (for the fame of this heroic band had
gone out and spread over the country) were held spell bound by the thrilling
performance. The price of admission was put at 12 ½ cents, thinking that much
would pay the current expenses. The hall was not large enough to accommodate
more than half that applied for admittance each night. Among the audience we
noticed Captain <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grosvenor</b>, at the
the [<i>sic</i>] time United States Collector of this port, who had probably
had opportunities of witnessing some of the best dramatic talent in America. At
times during the most tragic part of the piece he was so convulsed with
laughter that we feared instantaneous apoplexy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Notwithstanding the large crowd that attended each night, the affair
was not a success pecuniarily. There were a great many dead heads and some
whome [<i>sic</i>] one would least suspect or for a moment suppose they would
accept a free pass to an entertainment of the kind. The stray shillings that
came in were far from being sufficient to pay for the tinsel and burned cork used
in decorating the performers, but the affair afforded not only to all the young
people of the village but many of the older ones a scene of vast enjoyment. The
performers generally regarded the amusement as amply paying them for the time,
expense and trouble they were at. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The ardent disciples <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b> were so elated over
their fancied success they were determined to abandon the goose and needles in
disgust and try to find larger fields for the exercise of their dramatic
talent. We are sorry to add that it is feared they were not successful. A few
years after <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b> was captured
while participating in the Canadian rebellion and tried by a Court Martial and
sentenced to VanDieman’s Land for a term of years, while <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b> through disappointment and what he thought was a lack of
appreciation of true dramatic talent took to drink and when we last heard from
him he and whisky were boon companions and whisky was fast getting the
advantage. Quite a number of the others who took part in this performance are
still living and the ladies especially are highly respected among the community
in which each resides. We here would acknowledge our indebtedness to our worthy
citizen Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wight</b> esq. for his
kindness in refreshing our memory regarding many of the incidents of this
dramatic entertainment of almost fifty years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 7 May
1884, Early History of Hanover, Continued.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>, a young man, “a native of Ireland,” found his way to this
locality in the summer of 1826. Mr. B. was a tailor by occupation and as there
was a good opening for one here at that time he decided to remain for a while.
Mr. B. was a gentleman by nature and education, but had one pernicious habit,
and for a time it was feared by those who endeavored to encourage him in doing right,
it would lead him to the lowest pit of degradation and woe. When he came here
he had been accustomed to have his periodical spells of intoxication. He had
not been here but a short time before it was ascertained that he was a splendid
workman, and just the man the citizens would be glad to have settle here
permanently providing he would leave off his bad habits so that he could be
relied upon, and for this reason all the better class of citizens of the village
and vicinity felt like encouraging and patronizing him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After he had been here a few
months during which time he had two or three of his periodical sprees which
usually lasted him from a week to ten days at a time, he found a number of the
best people were sincere in their protestations of friendship and their desire
to have him leave off the bad habit; he finally determined to do so and became
a sober temperate citizen. As time advanced his friends felt greatly
encouraged, and his customers increased and work poured in upon him until he
was compelled to employ two or three women in addition to a journeyman. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Things had gone along in this way
for nearly a year and all supposed that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>
was wholly reformed, when in an unguarded moment from some cause he was tempted
to take one drink; after that one drink was taken it was but a few moments
before he wanted another; that was taken, then he was lost to all realization
of his condition and of his previous pledge. He continued in this debauch for a
week or ten days before he came to himself. After he had sobered down and
straightened up once more he appeared to realize the deep disgrace he had
brought upon himself, and appeared to feel that his friends had lost confidence
in him. But he made another resolve to let all that would intoxicate entirely
alone. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">However it was not more than two
months before he fell again and again was in an inebriate condition for a week
or ten days. After he sobered up the second time his friends did not say much
to him or go near him, in fact they had lost confidence and felt that it was
beyond the power or influence of man to fully reform him. During the next three
or four months he had about the same number of spells of intoxication. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the time his journeyman had left him,
also one of the young women had left and gone to her home. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He had a coat for one of our
leading citizens partly finished which was needed very much, as it was intended
for a wedding coat. On this account the person got Mr. B. to a room where he
watched over him and took care of him until he was capable of going to his shop
and resuming his business. This gentleman was very anxious to have his coat
completed by a certain period and knew very well that should the maker get
another taste of liquor before it was completed it would be a long time before
he got it, and for this reason he remained in the shop with Mr. B. through the
day and required him to take his meals at the same table and occupy the same
room at night. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">During the time the gentleman had
frequent conversations with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>
in regard to his pernicious habits. B. appeared to realize his condition and
feel the great disgrace it had brought upon him and appeared to realize what
his future would be be [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] if he
continued in the practice. Finally his friend said to him if he would make one
more attempt at reformation and not drink a drop of intoxicating liquor for a
year he would make him a handsome present. At this juncture a Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, a young lady of 22 or 23
years of age who had been in his employ for some time, spoke up and said, “yes,
if you will remain sober and not drink a drop of intoxicating liquors for a
year, I will marry you.” Mr. B. instantly replied that he would accept both
propositions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At once a pledge, a species of
contract was drawn up to which all parties signed, and which was duly
witnessed, and we are happy to state that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b> scrupulously kept the pledge, not only for the year but for
many years. Up to our last acquaintance with him in 1842 we do not think that
he had even been in the least under the influence of liquor. Soon after the
expiration of the year Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>
became Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>. From this
period his business again commenced to increase and it was not long before he
was accumulating property. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Within a year he purchased from
Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> esq. the lot and soon
afterward erected the dwelling house which at the time was regarded one of the
best in the village, and has been the residence of the late H. N. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Farnham</b> for a number of years past.
During the time they (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b> and
wife) resided here they had born unto to them, five children, three sons and
two daughters; the daughters were the oldest. The family remained here until
the spring of 1849 when they removed to Calumet, Wis. In the spring of 1850
they changed to Portage, Wis. At Portage their eldest son Samuel S. who was
born at Silver Creek, February 2d, 1835, was apprenticed to the printing
business and became roller boy in the office of the River Times.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We learn from the Wisconsin State
Register of April 10, 1880, the following of this Silver Creek boy: In the
summer of 1853 he made the over land journey on foot to California, where soon
after his arrival there he found employment in a printing office at
Downerville. In 1856 he returned to Portage, Wis. In 1860 he was elected
marshal of the city of Madison Wis. In 1861 was elected Alderman of the 2d
Ward. In 1871 he was elected Mayor of the city of Madison and re-elected in
1872. In 1864 he, in company with a Mr. A. J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b>, under the firm name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>
& <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b>, purchased The
Wisconsin State Register, which they continued to publish until 1878, when his
health failing him the office was disposed of to John T. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clark</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After the disposal of his
printing business, he planned a trip to Colorado where he spent several months
and so far regained his health, he thought it safe to return to Wisconsin. In
the spring of 1879 he was appointed Post Master at the city of Madison. For a
few months his health appeared to improve and his friends all hoped that there
were many years of health and happiness in store for him, but that disease
which had taken off his father and sisters and two brothers had fastened itself
upon him and on the 5<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> of April, 1880, he crossed the River to his
eternal home, leaving a widow and four children and his aged mother. We have
given greater space to this biography than we should have done had not Samuel
S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b> been a Silver Creek boy
and his parents brought together under such peculiar circumstances. He grew up
a worthy example for others young men to follow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Doctor Jeremiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> came from Otsego county this
State and settled in this village in 1827 or 1828. Doctor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> was a person of more than ordinary abilities in his
profession. We believe he was not a graduate of any of the higher grades of
Colleges but had been favored with with [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
more than an ordinary education. He possessed some marked traits of character
and at all times evinced a nobleness that is always admired by the high-minded
good citizen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> engaged in the practice of his profession very soon after
settling here. Hanover was rapidly filling up with setters [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] from the East and the calls for
medical treatment were increasing to that extent that it taxed the endurance of
Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b> so much that he was not
able to respond to all of them, therefore he gladly welcomed Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b>, so that the two often rode
and counseled together. Notwithstanding Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> had an increasing and generally successful practice with
a prospect of its becoming quite lucrative, it soon became evident that his
profession was not pleasing and agreeable to him and that he would prefer a
business that did not require him to ride into the country and keep him so much
away from his young family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the spring of 1831 he
purchased from Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> the lot on
the corner of Main and Dunkirk streets where the Hanford Block now stands and
erected a store building with a dwelling house attached. His family occupied
the apartment for dwelling purposes while in the early summer of 1832 and ’33,
he purchased a small stock of goods principally groceries and drugs and
medicines. This business however did not require but a small portion of his
time, as he had an able clerk or assistant, so he was able to keep up a part of
his practice responding to calls near by. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Also he had not been here but a
short time before it became known that he had given his attention somewhat to
law, and had to a limited extent practiced before a justice of the peace. We
are happy to state that at this time there is not one fourth of the amount of
litigation here before a Justice of the Peace that there was fifty to sixty
years ago. At that time there was hardly a week that there was not one, two or
some times three contested suits before the justice, and it was often the case
that Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> was retained either
by plaintiff or defendant and was usually quite successful and he became
popular as an advocate before a justice court. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He continued to run his store
until the spring of 1836, though for the last year or so previous to that time
he had not replenished his stock but slightly so that it had become greatly
reduced. In the early spring of 1836, Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b>
disposed of this property to Mr. Charles H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lockwood</b> of Rochester, N.Y. who came here about the first of May
that year and opened quite a prominent grocery and family supply store. Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> then purchased the lot on
which Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jackson</b> now resides and
had a neat, comfortable dwelling erected for his family and a small building
near it for an office into which he moved the remnant of his drugs and medicines.
The Doctor continued to reside here until 1848, when he moved to Ellington, and
from there he went to Corry, Penn., where he died some three or four years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Albert G. and Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> were two young men (brothers) that
came from Eillicottville, Cattaraugus county, and settled in this portion of
Hanover about the year 1827. The Messrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dows</b>
were both shoemakers and were about the first to establish a regular business
and keep even the smallest amount of stock on hand. Although they were both
quite young, we believe that A.G. was not over 20 or 21 while his brother Amos
was not more than 17 or 18 years of age, they came well recommended and the
course they pursued during all the time they resided here showed that the
parties were justified in making the recommend. They were soon favored with all
the work they could attend to and we believe for a time continued the business
together. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the fall of 1828 Albert G. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> was married to a daughter of
Wheaton <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mason</b> who was also a former
resident of Ellicottville. At the town election in the spring of 1831 or 1832
Albert G. was elected constable and was re-elected three or four times
successively. He also served three or four years as collector of taxes. He was
elected a justice of the peace in the spring of 1836, which position he held
for four years and could have been re-elected if he would have accepted it, but
his business matters required his attention so that he had no time to devote to
the affairs of the public. He had in the fall of 1839 negotiated with Mr.
George D. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Farnham</b> for a one-half
interest in the store and tin-ware business and became an equal and active
partner on the first day of January 1840. The firm of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Farnham</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b>
occupied the same building that George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shofner</b>
& Son now occupy in the same business.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> continued in this business until September, 1845, when he
disposed of his interest and went to Randolph, Cattaraugus Co. and engaged in
banking. We believe he is still a resident and engaged in the same business
(banking) in Randolph. Some eight or ten years ago he was elected, by a large
majority to the State Senate, which position he filled to the entire
satisfaction of a large majority of his constituents. He was earnestly urged to
accept the position for a second term but his business would not permit it.
Many of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow’s</b> personal friends
in this section of Chautauqua Co. have been quite anxious for him to become a
candidate for Member of Congress. Had he been willing to have done so he
undoubtedly could have had the nomination and most assuredly would have been
elected for this congressional district is strongly Republican to which school
of politics he belongs. He has also a large number of personal friends among
the opposition who would support him in preference to their own party.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> can be regarded as one of the noble men of the country. He is
reliable in all the better elements of life. He is always to be found on the
right side of the leading questions of the day. He has been strictly temperate
and always advocated true temperance principles, but he has never been
fanatical in the least. He is a person of high sense of morality, integrity and
virtue and all the good principles that have a tendency to elevate human
nature. It is to be regretted that this world does not possess more like him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> continued the boot and shoe business for some years after his
brother had abandoned it. In addition to the shoe business he took an interest
in a tannery here and furnished the capital for conducting that business. In
1838 he was married to Miss Eliza Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gates</b>,
a daughter of Abiather <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gates</b>, Esq.
Up to this time (1838) this village had never been favored with a [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] anything pertaining to a public or
private library. Quite a number of the better class of citizens were well
supplied with books but did not care to loan them, as in many instances books
lent are books lost. Most of the young people were fond of reading, especially
books of a romantic nature. However there were quite a number of earnest
students of history and other good solid reading matter. The matter of making
an effort to establish a small village library of good standard works had been
talked over for some time. Still no effort was made to set the thing going. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Through the influence of Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b>, in the fall of 1839 a meeting of
the citizens was called, but not over a dozen or fifteen responded, but these
few resolved to make an effort and see what could be done. An article was drawn
up in the form of a constitution of a library association in which all who
wished to become members of the association could do so by subscribing to the
constitution and paying over $2.50 which would constitute the signer one share
holder and when one hundred shares were taken a meeting of share holders was to
convene and adopt by-laws and elect officers. Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> volunteered to circulate the paper and was successful in
getting the hundred names with the money all paid in on the evening of the
second day of his efforts. Many citizens took two and several as high as four
shares each. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On the meeting of stockholders
Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> was appointed president of
the association, also volunteered to act as librarian and donate a place in his
residence for a case for keeping books. A committee of three which was composed
of W. D. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Talcott</b>, Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> and Doctor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> went to Buffalo to select the books. However, previous to
the purchase of the books quite a number of additional names were obtained so
the committee had about $350 to invest in books. The books were purchased and
all numbered ready for distribution in less than three weeks from the day the
first meeting was held. All of this was due to the energy and perseverance of
Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. Dow disposed of his interest
in the tannery in the autumn of 1845 and engaged in the mercantile business with
Winfield S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>, esq., now of
Buffalo. They commenced business with an entire new stock of goods and had
quite a successful trade. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> at
the same time continued the manufacture of boots and shoes. The copartnership
with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b> ended in 1848. For a
short time Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> run [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] the mercantile business along but
finding his business required more attention that [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>it was possible for
him to give it, he took into company with him a Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McMontgomery</b>. The business relation with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McMontgomery</b> continued until the spring of 1854, when Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> disposed of all his business
interests at Silver Creek and moved to Randolph where his brother resided, and
we believe has been engaged in the same business as that of his brother. Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> like his brother Albert was a man
of sterling integrity and we cannot help but believe that it is very
unfortunate for this village that both could not deem it for their interest to
remain here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 21 May 1884, Early History of Hanover, Continued.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">John and Holam <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> were natives of Otsego county,
this state. At an early day their father with his family emigrated to
Alexander, Genesee county, where he engaged in millwright work. He had been a
person of large property, but through indorsing for others and an unfortunate
contract in building a mill, he had lost nearly all he had. He was regarded as
being a first class workman in every respect at the millwright business, and
found no difficulty in obtaining employment in his new location. Both his sons,
John and Holam, worked with him for three or four years after settling at
Alexander, but after a while John became restless and left the parental roof.
He found his way to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sackett’s</b> Harbor
on Lake Ontario, where he engaged as a ship carpenter through the winter, sailing
on Lake Ontario through the season of navigation. He continued this for several
years, until he was quite competent at ship building, and capable of commanding
a vessel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">During the time he was at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sackett’s</b> Harbor he became acquainted
with Miss Panama <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b>, daughter of
Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b>, who commanded a
government schooner during the war<span style="color: red;"> </span>that had
closed a few years previous to that period. Holam <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> continued to reside at Alexander and was employed at
mill-wright work with his father. While there he became acquainted with Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Buxton</b> and married her in the fall of
1823. Early the next spring he concluded to find a location where his services
would be in greater demand or where he could branch out for himself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Early in April he found his way
to this locality, his wife coming in June following. His first employment was
in repairing the Fayette Mills for Platt & Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b>. Shortly after this he purchased the site and water power
where G. L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Weeks’</b> grist mill now stands
and engaged in building for himself a sawmill. At that time there was a large
amount of all the different varieties of timber especially whitewood, black
walnut, cherry and oak, and a good demand for sawed lumber. In the spring of
1826 he had his mill in complete running order. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">His brother had come from the
lower lake and settled here the fall before, and finally talked Holam into
building a schooner. This was commenced the first week in May, 1826, and was
launched the last of September of the same year. This vessel was called the
Victory and was the first that was ever built here. She was for that period a
medium sized vessel (about 125 tons burden,) but now would be regarded as
little more than a yacht. The ship yard was located on the east bank of the
creek near where Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hammon</b> now
resides. There were several vessels built on the same ground subsequently, all
of which were launched into the creek. A channel had to be excavated to let
them into the lake. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Although the Victory was launched
the last week in September, she was not fully fitted out until the next spring.
In building the Victory, Mr. V. had been compelled to get into debt to a
considerable extent, and in order to fit out his schooner completely he was
obliged to place a mortgage upon it, hoping that if he met with good success he
would in a couple of years be able to liquidate and settle up. But fortune
frowned upon him, as it had done to several other of this locality who had
attempted to accumulate property by the aid of a sailing vessel. After two
seasons of varied success, neither of which was very encouraging, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> was compelled to succumb, and the
schooner Victory, which had cost him considerable money and a large amount of
hard labor, became the property of other parties. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> was not left entirely penniless, for he still had his sawmill.
Although it was somewhat encumbered, it proved a source of considerable profit
to him. There was a good demand for lumber, and the surrounding country
supplied him with plenty of logs for sawing. When his time was not required at
his mill, he found plenty of employment at mill-wright work at prices that were
quite remunerative. It was but three or four years after the loss of his
schooner Victory before he was in quite comfortable circumstances again. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the summer of 1834 he met with
quite a serious accident, which for a time caused great apprehension that he
might be deprived of his eye-sight and become totally blind. In addition to
mill-wright work he sometimes worked as a machinist and at the time specified
he was engaged in constructing a turning lathe for Luther <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b> and while on some part of this work a small bit of steel
about the shape of a flax seed, but not quite so large, flew from the shaft on
which he was at work and lodged in the center of his eyeball. There was no
physician here that had instruments suitable for extracting it, nor could one
be found in Fredonia or Westfield that dared to attempt it. Soon inflammation
set in and it became so painful that his attending physician was compelled keep
him under the influence of powerful narcotics for some time. The eyeball
finally decayed and ran out. The sight, from sympathy, of the other eye was
sensibly affected for some time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Also his general health was
seriously impaired for some time, but during the following winter he
recuperated so that early the next spring (1835) he purchased from Lyman <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>, esq., the lot and erected the
dwelling house where Mrs. Maria <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mixer</b>
now resides. At that time this was one of the largest and most pretentious
dwelling houses in the village. The large square columns in front, and the
general appearance of the house has always attracted the notice of the passer
by. Soon after the completion of this home he commenced to erect a building
nearly adjoining his sawmill for the manufacture of shoe pegs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> had come here a few years previous from Warsaw, Wyoming Co.,
N.Y., and purchased from Mr. J. M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilson</b>
the wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishment. In making this purchase Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> became the owner of the first
privilege of the water and in order to run the new enterprise successfully it
was necessary to have more power. To obtain this he [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b>] formed a limited copartnership with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>. They soon had their peg factory in operation, employing ten
or twelve men.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But once more fortune cast her
shadow over Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail’s</b> enterprise.
His building took fire and with all their tools and machinery was consumed,
without a dollar of insurance. Many of his best friends thought this was a blow
from which he would be unable to rise, but a man of his energy and perseverance
could not be kept down. Before the remains of his building had ceased
smouldering, he had timber upon the ground for another, and this time decided
to increase the size of the building so that it could be used for other
manufacturing purposes if required, and before the building was fully inclosed
[<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] it was decided to turn it into
a flouring mill. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">To complete this he was compelled
to raise money on his homestead, also mortgage his mill property for the
security of payment for milling machinery. In a few months he had his mill
complete and in running order, but this like nearly every other enterprise in
which he engaged did not prove a success. The mill was a good one and did good
work, but there were two requisites in which there was a failure. First, there
was a lack of water power, and second, a lack of custom. Other localities could
purchase wheat and manufacture flour and ship it here at a less cost than it
could be done for here. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Still Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> struggled along for three or four years, but finally was
compelled to dispose of his homestead, which was purchased by Harvey <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mixer</b>, esq., of Buffalo for a home for
his parents and sister, Miss Maria, who still resides there. This last event
appeared to have a more discouraging effect upon Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> than any of his former troubles. At the time he erected the
house he hoped that it would be his home for the remainder of his life. Two or
three years after the disposal of his home he succeeded in finding a customer
for the mill property at a price something above the mortgage. Soon after this
he gathered the remnants of his property together and went to Mayville, this
county, where he engaged with two or three others in building a steamboat for
Chautauqua Lake. This boat we believe was burned the second season after it was
built. His next move was to Columbus, Warren Co. Pa., where he engaged quite
extensively in the lumber business, at which he continued until he died, in
1857, aged 54 years. There were but few men known in this section of country
who would equal Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> in
accumulating money by their own industry and perseverance. He was peculiarly
fortunate in this respect, but equally unfortunate in engaging in enterprises
with other parties that proved disastrous, and in a short time all his hard
earned accumulations would be swept away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Capt. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> continued to reside here. His summers were spent almost wholly
upon the lake, as master of a vessel. He was a part owner of two or three
vessels that were built here under his directions. About this time (1835) he
conceived the idea of building a small steamboat here to be placed on the route
between Barcelona, the lake port for Westfield, and Buffalo, touching at
Dunkirk and this place. He was assisted in this enterprise by the Hon. W. F. F.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b> of Buffalo. The hull of the
Taylor was built during the last of the winter and the summer of 1835 on the
east bank of the creek where the Lake Shore railroad now crosses the creek. She
was towed to Buffalo, where her boilers and machinery were put in, and she was
otherwise fitted out, but did not commence running until the spring of 1836,
and only continued on the route two seasons. Her engine was of high pressure
and not sufficient power, and therefore was too slow and proved a failure. In
the spring of 1838 she was taken to Lake Michigan to run between Chicago and
New Buffalo, where she was lost by going on to the beach and breaking up in a
gale of wind in the fall of ’38. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Capt. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail’s</b> next enterprise was purchasing the hull of the steamer
Barcelona, which was built to run on the route between the port of that name
and Buffalo, but like the Taylor proved too slow and otherwise unsuitable. She
was dismantled. Capt. John converted the hull to a sailing vessel and ran it
one or two seasons in the lumber trade quite successfully when he disposed of
it at a handsome profit above cost to parties in Detroit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We believe that for the next two
or three years he was engaged in sailing vessels for other parties, when in
1844 or 1845 he purchased the hull of the old steamboat Constitution, which had
been dismantled on account of her being regarded as unseaworthy, but Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> succeeded in having the hull partially
rebuilt and in purchasing an old engine that had been taken from another
steamer. When this was in position, the old steamboat, Constitution, which had
withstood so many hard gales of wind and storm was once more placed in
commission. This investment did not prove a paying one, and we believe it was
not long before the boat was turned over to the creditors of Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The next we hear of him was about
1850 or 1851. He was engaged in commanding a steamboat on the Sacramento river,
California, with headquarters at Sacramento, where he died three or four years
after. Capt. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> was one of
those who had a warm heart for his friends but was exceedingly harsh with his
enemies. He was also one who passed through many of the vicissitudes of
fortune.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Lyman <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>, a nephew of John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>,
came from Massachusetts to the town of Hanover in the summer of 1817. He first
located at Smith’s Mills, and worked nearly a year and a half at blacksmithing,
which was his occupation. In December 1818, he was married to a young lady
whose parents resided near there. In the spring of 1819, he went to Lockport
and engaged to a contractor who was doing work on the canal, to sharpen and
manufacture drills that were used in drilling and quarrying the rocks for the
canal bed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> continued at this work for two years and a half, when he
returned to this place with his wife in the fall of 1821. He at once purchased
a plot of about 80 acres that had previously been articled from the Holland
Land Company, and considerable improvements made upon it. The Main street of
the village passes nearly through the center of this tract. The Simeon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howes</b> and Norman <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Babcock</b> property is a portion of this tract. It also extended
across Walnut Creek to the top of the high ridge of hills, west of the village.
This portion of the property is now owned by Major C. C. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b>. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> at
once contracted for the erection of a small house for his family, and worked
for a while for Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b> at
blacksmithing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the summer of 1825, he had a
front built to his house of sufficient capacity to make it a very comfortable
tavern, and he opened it as such, late that winter or early the next spring.
This house was located on the spot where Mr. Augustus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> now resides, but the location was not regarded as a popular
one, and during the fifteen or twenty years that it was kept as a house of
entertainment it had more different proprietors than all the other public
houses in the town of Hanover during the same period. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> kept the house 4 or 5 years when he rented it to a Mr. S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holmes</b> who kept it two or three years.
Deacon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Munger</b> was the next to try
his fortune there. He was succeeded by Silas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hosmer</b>, and he by Doctor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Herriman</b>,
who was likewise succeeded by Barach <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b>,
and for the following six or eight years this house had a new landlord nearly
every year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Notwithstanding Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> was a very industrious hard
working man, he found considerable time for study and was the possessor of a
large amount of scientific knowledge. For many years he was fully impressed
with the idea that there were large deposits of bituminous coal along the banks
of Walnut Creek. He was so sanguine of this, that in the summer of 1826, he was
at the expense of sending to Pittsburg, Pa. for an expert to come here and make
an examination, but unfortunately for Mr. H. the expert did not find sufficient
indications of coal to warrant an attempt at mining. The man admitted that the
black stone in the bed of Walnut Creek below where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Week’s</b> dam now is, was strong indication of Cannel<span style="color: red;"> </span>coal but until coal became much more valuable than it
was at that time, (it is of less value now on account of the facilities for
obtaining it), it would not pay to mine it unless it was found in much larger
quantities than appearance indicated. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A year or two after this Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> found a mineral substance, in
the form of cobble stone in a ravine on the hillside which he felt quite sure
was a rich deposit of Iron Ore. He sent some half a dozen of these lumps
weighing about 50 pounds to Buffalo for examination, but it was decided that
the sample did not contain sufficient quantity of iron to pay for working, so
that the blast furnace, the rolling mills, the nail works and other great
industries that were to grow up along the banks of Walnut Creek after the
development of these iron mines, appeared in visions only. However no one knows
to a certainty but the high ridge of hills along Walnut Creek may contain large
deposits of mineral wealth which may at some day in the future be worked and
large industries and fortunes grow out of it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> was destined to another disappointment. There came here in
the early summer of 1827, a gentleman who claimed to come from North Adams,
Mass., with whom Mr. H. had a slight acquaintance. This man had been reared to
the business of cotton manufacturing and professed to be quite an expert at it.
He also stated that he was looking for some point in the West, (at that time
this portion of the State of New York in Massachusetts was regarded as being
almost at the western end of the world,) for establishing a cotton factory.
This gentleman was introduced and vouched for by Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> and all the better class of citizens greeted him very
cordially and socially, and paid him much respect and attention. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Finally after passing up and down
the creek nearly a dozen times in the space of three or four weeks, accompanied
by three or four of those who felt a deep interest in the project, he lit upon
the site near the banks of the creek on Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard’s</b> meadow land that he thought would be just the point. Some
8 or 10 acres of this was promised to be donated to the company. Also Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> and several others had promised
to take stock to the full amount of their abilities. All the leading
preliminaries were arranged and settled. The Yankee was to return to North Adams
where he was sure of having all the balance of stock taken at once, and to make
arrangements for machinery &c.., when he was to return here and commence
the erection of suitable buildings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What appeared a little mysterious
to the citizens, this man did not care to have much said regarding the matter,
to outsiders. He wished to have everything conducted in a secret way. Said he
did not care to have the public know anything of it until they were ready to
commence work with his twenty-five or thirty experienced workmen that he was to
bring from Massachusetts with him. He tarried here and did not appear very
anxious to depart; even after all arrangements were made he gave out that he
was expecting a remittance from home, and could not leave until he secured
that. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Finally after he had spent some
two months here, he suddenly became anxious to return East. He claimed that he
had received a letter informing him of the sickness of his family, also that a
remittance in the shape of a certificate of deposit had been sent him by mail
which had never reached him, consequently must have gone astray, therefore it
was necessary for him to return home as early as possible. He asked Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> to loan him a hundred dollars,
saying he would send a certificate of deposit for that as soon as he reached
North Adams, and would settle for his board bill on his return here. Mr. H. had
that confidence in the man that he let him have all the money he had in his
possession and took his horse and went over to Smith’s Mills and borrowed the
balance, some $50 of a friend there. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The stranger did not care to have
it known that he borrowed money here, for he did not wish to have it known that
he was in such close circumstances. As soon as he got his hundred dollars he
took his departure, Mr. H. hiring one of the citizens who had a conveyance to
take the man to Buffalo. When he left he promised to be back here in four to
six weeks, ready to commence operations. After two or three weeks had passed
after the departure of the man, our friend Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> commenced to watch the Post Office anxiously for the
promised certificate of deposit, but four, five and six weeks had gone by, and
not a word from North Adams. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Finally after waiting about eight
weeks Mr. H. wrote to the Post Master at North Adams, making enquiries if such
a person was there, (naming him) and if so, if he was in usual good health. Mr.
H. had persuaded himself to fully believe that the man was suffering with a
severe sickness and unable to write or attend to business. In due course of
mail he received a reply from the Post Master stating that the person enquired
about formerly resided there, but that he had left there under a cloud between
two days more than a year before and as far as that writer was informed, no one
in North Adams had heard from him since. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">That the man was a sharper and
dead beat of the first water our friend Mr. H. was loth [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] to believe for some time, but finally was compelled to admit
that he had been a victim of misplaced confidence. But he kept the matter of
loaning the man the hundred dollars very quiet, and to only two or three of his
most personal friends did he mention it, and with them placed an injunction
that it should not be spoken of or made public, and before the next spring the
matter of a cotton factory had ceased to be talked about. The fact was all
those who took any interest in the matter felt deeply chagrined over the way
they had been taken in and hushed it up as soon as possible. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> continued to reside here until
December 1839, when he died with consumption. His wife survived him and died in
this village in 1854. Their son, Allen G. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>,
who was born here in 1827, is now a highly respected citizen of Hornellsville.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC12<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor 30 July 1884, </i>Early History of Hanover, And
Biographical Sketches Of Early Settlers -- Resumed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was born in or near the city of New London, Conn., in 1792.
When not over 19 or 20 years of age he became impressed with the idea of
obtaining a home where land was less expensive than about his native town. At
that period the mail stage was the only mode of public conveyance and for those
who were on long journeys was quite expensive. Young Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> had decided on having a look at the western part of this state,
also of the country through which he passed. With this in view and his wearing
apparel in a pack upon his back, he started on foot and walked the entire
distance from his native place up through the state of Connecticut. Crossing
the Hudson river at Albany, he then walked through this state to the town of
Orange, Genesee Co., where he purchased a farm or tract of wild land and at
once set out with energy and determination to clear himself a homestead and
build a comfortable habitation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">While engaged at this the order
came for all able bodied men of specified ages to immediately report in person
to the General commanding the United States forces at Black Rock for the
defense of the frontier. Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
was one of the first in the vicinity where he resided to respond to this call.
He with three or four others started the same evening after receiving the
notice and at the close of the second day reported at headquarters at Black
Rock. He was at once placed on guard duty, in which service he continued for
some weeks. About this time the expedition against Fort Erie, across Niagara
river, was being planned, but it was well known to all the officers of the army
that they could not compel the militia which had been called out to the defense
of the frontier to go into the enemy’s country, but they thought the men had
sufficient pride and patriotism so that when called upon they would not
hesitate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">When the night came for this
expedition to the move the militia were formed in line and told what was
expected of them and from their patriotism it was hoped they would all
volunteer to join the expedition. When the order was given for volunteers to
step two paces to the front Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
was one of the first and most prompt to move. The way this heroic band crossed
the Niagara river and assaulted the stronghold of the British in Fort Erie has
many years since passed into history and is well known to every schoolboy.
Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> went with them and was in
the midst of the hottest part of the contest but was fortunate in not receiving
any serious injury and in returning to this side of the lines. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After this he remained at Black
Rock on duty for some time until the militia were discharged, when he returned
to his home in Genesee county; where he resumed the clearing of his land. As
soon as he had fifteen or twenty acres cleared suitable for raising grain he
gave his attention to building a small, comfortable house. When this was
completed he returned to New London and shortly afterward was married to Miss
Eliza <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Downer</b>, a native of the same
county. Not long after their marriage this young couple started with all their
worldly effects in an ordinary farm wagon, hauled by an ox team, for their new
home in the far off western part of the state of New York. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Very soon after settling on his
farm Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> commenced to take rank
with the first men in the county. By hard work, industry and economy, he
commenced to accumulate property. He was soon appointed deputy sheriff, which
position he filled with honor and credit. He was also a hotel keeper in Warsaw,
Wyoming county, for a short time. About 1822 he commenced the mercantile business
in the town of Sheldon in the same county. Two years after he moved his family
and stock of goods to Westfield, this county, where he continued the business. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the fall of 1827 he sent a
stock of goods to Silver Creek. At that time there was no regular store here,
it being very soon after the failure of Ezra <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Convis’</b><span style="color: red;"> </span>Farmer’s Store. He employed
John M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cummings</b> to take charge and
occupied the same building that had a short time previous been occupied by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cummings</b>. Early in the spring of 1828 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> had purchased the property of John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>, which consisted of over 350 acres. In June of the same year
he moved his family here, occupying the house which <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> had kept as a tavern so long. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> had not been here over a week before he commenced arrangements
for putting up a brick building for a store. A place was selected for making
the brick, and work commenced at once. Everything progressed as rapidly as
could be expected, so that in less than three months from the time the first
brick was moulded [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] the walls for
a building large enough for two stores were up nearly ready for the roof, when
a heavy wind storm from the west came up during the night time and laid the
front wall level with the ground. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
was in New York at the time for goods to replenish his stock and fill up his
new building. He had employed Mr. Jacob Burns of Westfield to take charge and
superintend the construction of this new building. With his energy and
perseverance it was not long before Mr. B. had the walls up again and roof on
so that before cold weather set in they had the store fully completed and
stocked with the largest and best assortment of goods that up to that time had
ever been brought to the town of Hanover. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The same fall Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> arranged with Maj. C. C. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> of Batavia to come here and take
an equal interest in the mercantile business with him. The arrangement was for
Maj. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> to have a general
supervision of the store while Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
devoted his attention to outside interests. Major <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> was a young man in the prime of early manhood. He had been
fully educated to the mercantile business and understood it in all its various
branches, so that the senior member of the firm had full confidence in
entrusting that portion of his interest to him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Although the name of the
post-office here had been changed to Silver Creek in 1825, the village had
continued to go by the name of Fayette; but soon after Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> settled here he consulted with some of the leading citizens and
it was decided that the village should be called Silver Creek as well as the
postoffice. Also the present Main street as it now runs had not been opened. At
the point where Mr. Augustus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> now
resides the street turned towards the lake and ran through where Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young</b> now resides, thence through the
present park into what is now Howard street. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> had been here but a few weeks before he arranged to have Main
street opened from the point where it diverged down past where the Silver Creek
House is now located and past the works lately erected by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McNeil</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spaulding</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He also arranged with the town
authorities for building a bridge across Silver creek at the east end of Main
street and a road was cut through the steep bank of the east side of the creek.
This bridge was kept up by the town for many years and all travel crossed the
creek there. At that time there was not a single building with the exception of
the John E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> house standing
east of the Day property. As we have stated in a previous article, what little
business there was transacted here was done in the vicinity of the crossing of
Walnut creek. The locality each side of the creek was regarded as the business
center but after Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
commenced in the summer and autumn of 1828 it became evident that he was about
to make an effort to bring the business to his locality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He had Dunkirk street surveyed
out and opened to the west line of his property, which was some distance beyond
the crossing of the Lake Shore railroad. He also had Jackson street opened to
the lake. The flats through which both these streets pass were covered with
immense large black walnut and oak trees, and to show how little value was
placed upon black walnut lumber at that time we have only to state that these
trees were cut down and burned up to get them out of the way. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was a sagacious and far-seeing person as regarding business
operations. He at once saw the great advantage a harbor or pier where boats
could stop, discharge and take on freight and passengers, would be to the
village that was just then starting. Nature had done considerable to assist in
this project by forming quite a bay with a high bluff extending some distance
into the lake on the west side. An examination was made but it was ascertained
that piles could not be driven on account of the smooth rock bottom of the
lake. It was determined to build a pier by forming cribs of timber and filling
them with stone and sinking them. Contracts were immediately let for the
delivery of a large amount of square hewn timber and for quarrying an almost
unlimited amount of stone from the high bank or bluff on the west side of the
bay. Men were also set at work preparing the timber and getting the cribs ready
to put together. Nearly everything seemed to favor the project. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Soon after the 1<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span></sup> of
December there came good sleighing, which was of great advantage in hauling the
timber. Also ice formed in the lake quite early, and long before Christmas it
had become of sufficient strength so that men and teams could work upon it with
perfect safety. A point was selected, about 350 feet from the shore, where the
water was of sufficient depth to float the largest sail vessels or steamboats
of the day. Some twelve or fifteen teams were employed in hauling stone on the
ice and fifty or more men were kept constantly employed in framing and putting
the cribs into position and sinking them. This work was continued until after
the middle of March next spring, before the workmen were compelled to stop by
the breaking up of the ice in the lake. They succeeded in sinking cribs for
about 150 feet of pier running toward the shore, with an L portion of about 75
feet on the outer end running down the lake. This was all planked over and
notwithstanding communication with the shore had to be made with a small boat,
business very soon commenced.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The steamboat Pioneer, which was
then running regularly between Barcelona and Buffalo, commenced to stop here
for freight and passengers. The next winter work on the pier was resumed and
continued until communication was made with the land so that teams loaded with
wood, lumber and farm products, could be driven to the outer end. Also at the
land end a large building was put up for storing goods and products received or
for shipment. The locality fast assumed a business appearance. Several buildings
were erected for family uses and th[r]ee or four years after the pier was
started, a hotel was erected for the accommodation of those coming here or
going from here by boat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The village also became quite a
point for the purchase of lumber brought from the south-east towns of this
county and from portions of Cattaraugus county. This lumber was nearly all
bought for an eastern market and most of it went to New England states,
consequently was shipped from here by water. It was no unusual affair for two
or three of the largest size of sailing vessels to be lying at our pier at the
same time, taking in cargoes of lumber or discharging cargoes of grain, which
at that time frequently came here by the vessel load. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The business increased so rapidly
and became so great that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was
compelled to put an addition to the pier. This was done by extending the
principal part 75 or 100 feet farther into the lake, then adding on another L
portion, which formed a slip where vessels could lie and discharge or receive
freight in all weather. Through the influence of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> about the year 1833 or 1834 government made an appropriation
for the erection of a building for a beacon light at the outer end of the pier,
and the year following an appropriation was made for the erection of a
lighthouse on the outer end of the point. Both these lights were sustained by
the government for quite a number of years, and we believe the one on the point
was not abandoned until after the Lake Shore railroad commenced running through
to Erie.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There are but a few people of
today who realize [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] the great
revolution railroads have created in travel and traffic, but even fifty years
ago travel by lake steamers, especially in the spring, was immense. At that
period there was no railroad running west of Utica in this state. The canal was
the great artery through which the travel passed up through the state to
Buffalo. There it was changed to lake steamers. Whenever steamers were
prevented by ice from leaving Buffalo until after the opening of the canal,
that city soon became full to overflowing with strangers, all anxiously waiting
to proceed on their journey westward. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There were three or four spring
seasons between 1835 and 1840 when Buffalo bay became packed with ice so that
it completely blockaded that harbor until long after the opening of the canal.
At each of these periods boats from western ports came as far as this place
where they remained, two or three days or long enough to pick up a number of
passengers for their trip west. As soon as it was known in Buffalo that there
were boats here waiting for passengers the crowd would start. Animals that
could hardly travel and vehicles of every description were brought into
requisition for the purpose of conveying passengers and baggage from Buffalo
here. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">All prices were charged, from
three dollars to ten dollars a person, in accordance with style of conveyance
and the person’s amount of ready cash. Some individuals who had remained in
Buffalo until their funds were nearly exhausted were compelled to make the
distance on foot and often those who had paid a high price for conveyance were compelled
to walk a large portion of the way or be left alongside the road. They were
compelled to be content with having their baggage brought through safely. As
soon as one crowd got away from Buffalo their places were usually taken by
newcomers. This tide of excitement and travel was kept up for two or three
weeks. During the time it made business lively here at this end of the route. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Since the completion of the
railroad through to the west there has been no such delay to travel. Now it
does not require many more hours than it did at that time days to go from
Albany to Chicago. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> engaged
in several enterprises outside of the mercantile line, all of which were an
advantage to the village as well as to the surrounding farmers. One business
which has now become entirely obsolete in this section of the country was the
purchase of the wood ashes coming from the clearing up of the land and made by
families, and converting them into pot or pearl ashes, which were shipped to
New York and were regarded as near a cash article as any product of the
country. At this age it might appear that the ashes resulting from burning the
timber from 15 or 20 acres of land would be a small matter but half a century
ago it was quite an item to the young farmer who had just commenced to clear up
a new farm. They often made their ashes pay for the sugar, tea and many other
necessaries their families required during during [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] the year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">To show that there were frauds
and deceits practiced at that time as well as now, though perhaps on a much
smaller scale, we must relate a trifling fraud perpetrated upon Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee’s</b> ashery. At that time there was an
old log house in quite a dilapidated condition standing some distance back from
the road a short distance below where Mrs. Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b> now resides. This house was occupied by an elderly widow woman
and her son, a lad of 14 or 15 years of age. This house had what was known to
the early settlers as a Dutch chimney or fire-place, which was nothing more
than a hole in the roof for the smoke to pass out and some stone piled up at
one end where a fire could be built of logs and wood from ten to twelve feet
long. A short distance from this building there had been an ashery some ten or
twelve years previous and near by there lay large piles of ashes that were
leached and thrown out years before and were perfectly worthless for using
again. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Not long after Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> had his ashery going, this old
woman’s son appeared at the store with a ticket from the superintendent for a
couple of bushels of ashes he had delivered at the ashery. This ticket was good
for 38 cents in goods at the store. This was taken in snuff and tea. In a day
or two the young man appeared at the ashery again with two or three bushels
more of ashes. This was also traded out at the store and before the end of the
week he came again with a still larger amount. It soon became evident that
there was something wrong. The young man had already delivered more ashes than
twenty cords of wood would make and it was a pretty sure thing that they had
not burned one-tenth part of that amount. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The man who had charge of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee’s</b> ashery set to work to investigate
and found the lad was digging down into the piles of old ashes and getting
those that showed least the effects of the winds and storms and placing them in
their old Dutch fire-place with a large fire burning over them for ten or
twelve hours and during the time stirring them thoroughly, they had all the
appearance of fresh burned ashes. As soon as this discovery was made, the goose
that laid the golden egg for this old woman and her son was strangled. This was
a small fraud but was a complete one. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> also established a distillery, which business was carried on at
that period in all sections of our country. The product of this institution was
what was known as high wines and was shipped to New York for a market, where it
stood next to pot or pearl ashes as a cash product. This distillery made a
market for all the surplus product of grain grown by the farmers of this
section. In fact, this section did not furnish one-half the grain consumed by
the distillery, when it was running at its full capacity, and Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> had several cargoes brought here
from the west by sail vessel during a season of navigation. The distillery also
made a market for a large number of hogs and cattle. These were bought of the
farmers and fed upon the slops from the distillery until suitable for pork or
beef, when they were driven east to market. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> also engaged quite<span style="color: red;"> </span>extensively
in the commerce of the lakes and in vessel building, some account of which we
will give in our next article. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13
August 1884, Early History of Hanover, And Biographical Sketches Of Early
Settlers -- Resumed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As stated in our preceding
chapter Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was engaged quite
extensively in the commerce of the Lakes and in ship building, which industry
was carried on quite largely for several years. Between the years of 1828 and
1844, there were some fourteen or fifteen different sail and steam craft built and
put afloat at this [p]ort]. As stated in a previous chapter Holom and John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> were the pioneers in vessel
building here and the schooner Victory was the first sail craft that floated
from our Creek. From the best information we are able to obtain, we are quite
sure that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was a part owner
of the schooner Liberty as early as 1826 or 1827 which was previous to his
coming to Silver Creek. The Liberty was a schooner of about 125 tons burden and
was at the time mentioned commanded by Captain Jack <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spears</b> a sharp, enterprising social, wholesouled, first-class
seaman. The Liberty was engaged in the coasting trade between Buffalo and
Ashtabula, Ohio.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At that time these coasting
schooners were the principal medium by which all merchants near the lake shore
obtained their goods from the canal which ended at Buffalo. Captain <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spears</b> being well known to all the
principal merchants along the lakes and being very popular with them, his
vessel was very successful in getting both up and down freights where other
equally as good vessels had to remain for days and weeks waiting for a cargo.
For this reason the Liberty was making money for her owners while other vessels
were running their [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] in debt. Mr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was a stock holder or part owner
of several different vessels that was [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
built here, he furnishing a large amount of the capital to build them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Within a short time after Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> erected his store building the
principal business centered in that locality. Dwelling houses and buildings for
business purposes were erected and all things indicated that that point was to
be the leading part of the town. A hotel was very much needed to accommodate
not only the traveling public but all who came here to transact business with
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> interest. In the summer of
1830 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> arranged for building
the Silver Creek House which was very soon afterwards commenced and was
completed and occupied by Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Yale</b>
in the spring of 1832, who kept the house two or three years when it was
purchased by Jonathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b> who was
its proprietor for many years and during a large part of the time it was what
was known in those days as a Stage House and was one of the leading hotels
between Buffalo and Erie. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In October 1832 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> disposed of his interest in the
mercantile business of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> to Col. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barbour</b> and the business was continued under the firm name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barbour</b>. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was
then enabled to devote his entire attention to his other interests which had
become quite large and extensive. In the Autumn of 1833 he decided to engage in
trade again. He was owner of an unoccupied store building adjoining the one
occupied by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barbour</b>. He also arranged with Mr.
William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van Duzer</b> who had been doing
business at what was known at that time as Dibble’s Bay, some ten or twelve
miles east on the Lake Shore; to come here and take charge of his new
enterprise. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van Duzer</b> had
formerly been a merchant and was a person of considerable business experience
and regarded by all who knew him as being a very upright and reliable business
man. About the first of November 1833 the new store was opened and ready for
business. It became evident in the start that this venture would prove a
success. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About that time there was a large
amount of lumber from the south east towns of this county and from portions of
Cattaraugus County being hauled here for a market. There were several parties
here paying cash for lumber most of which went to New England. Many of the
parties who came here with lumber left half or three-forths [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] of their receipts for it with the
merchants for goods. At that time we had no rail road connection with Buffalo
so that every woman that was in need of a calico dress or two or three spools
of thread and a paper of pins could not very conveniently go to Buffalo to
shop. Then four or five general stores were better supported and had a larger
trade than one or two now have. Hence the system of doing business at that
period was quite different from the present. Then every farmer and every man of
any business who was regarded as any responsible was allowed to run a bill at
the stores. It is a well known fact that many people are prone to purchase articles
they do not require or could get along without when they can be bought on time.
They do not appear to appreciate that a pay day is coming at some future period
and may come when they are least prepared for it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was always liberal in giving credit to his customers. He
generally gave them to understand that at the end of six months or at least
once a year that their account must be settled up, and then if they were unable
to pay and the party was responsible, a note on interest was taken. When customers
paid no attention to the notice that their accounts must be settled, the
accounts were generally placed in the hands of a collector. From this fact some
of this class endeavored to create the impression that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was severe on those who were not in condition to pay, when in
fact all he required was for them to live up to their agreement or the
conditions under which they obtained credit. It is a fact that cannot be denied
that it would be far better for all parties if the system of credit was entirely
wiped out and all parties were compelled to pay for what they purchase on the
receipt of the goods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">During the years 1838 and 1839
the question of banking facilities was discussed here to considerable extent.
At that time there was but one bank in the county, which was the Chautauqua
County Bank located at Jamestown. The Legislature of this state had a year or
two previous enacted a new law in regard to banking on a different system from
the former Safety Fund system. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
decided that it would not only be advantageous to himself but to other business
men in the village to have a bank of issue here. In the summer of 1839 he
arranged for establishing the bank of Silver Creek with a nominal capital of
$100,000 with Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> as
President and Chancy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> as
Cashier. Very soon after the organization the bank commenced to do business and
had an exceeding successful career from its birth until its affairs were wound
up about 1876.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This pace was altogether too
limited for Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee’s</b> business
abilities; about the year 1841 or 1842 he opened a Banking Office in the city
of Buffalo where he continued to do a successful Banking business. In 1844 he
with a few other parties established Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> & Co.’s Bank of Buffalo with Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> as President. About<span style="color: red;"> </span>this time<span style="color: red;"> </span>he resigned as president of the Bank of Silver Creek
and George W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tew</b> Esq., who had been
Cashier for the Bank for several years, was appointed in his place. Major C. C.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> was at the same time elected
Cashier to fill the vacancy made by the promotion of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tew</b>. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> continued
the mercantile business here with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van
Duzer</b> as general Superintendent and manager until the summer of 1840 when
his oldest son Charles H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> became
of age; he then made him an equal partner and the business was continued under
the firm name of Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> &
Son, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van Duzer</b> continuing in the employ of the new firm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Our friend Charlie, as he was
familiarly known by all, he having been raised here from boyhood, at once took
his place behind the counter and gave the business that his father had so
successfully established his personal and entire attention. He demonstrated at
once that he was going to follow in the footsteps of his successful progenitor
as far as accumulating property. His pleasant face and genial nature as well as
the popularity of his assistant Mr.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Van
Duzer</b>, which had long be established, brought the new firm many new
customers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We must here relate an incident
that occurred late in the fall of 1841, in which our friend Charlie was one of
the principal actors, that at the time created considerable amusement among
those who were cognizant of the fact. Among their customers was a person whom
we will call a Mr. Blank that resided some four or five miles from this
village, near where the village of Farnham in Erie Co. now is. This person had
been in the habit of visiting the store quite often and at times remaining
quite late in the evening. He had often asked for credit for a short time for
small amounts but each every time had been refused, for Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van Duzer</b> had known him formerly and
had no confidence in his honesty or ability to pay. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The time in question was on a
Saturday afternoon about the middle of November. Mr. Blank came to the village
and lounged around in and out of the store all the afternoon but finally late
in the evening he came into the store and seated himself alongside of the
stove. This was situated some thirty or forty feet back from the front door,
near the middle of the store, with but little space or room each side of the
stove between that and the counters for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>people to pass back and forth. On the west side of the counter was a row
of kegs of nails on top of which was a box cover. These were used for seats by
parties who wished to sit and chat and warm themselves but when occupied there
was no room for another person to pass between those seated and the stove. The
night was quite cold for the time of the year and the evening had slipped away.
Their cash had been balanced, the books up to that evening had been all posted
up, and Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van Duzer</b> had retired to
the society of his family, still Mr. Blank lingered seated there on one of the
nail kegs along side of a good warm stove. Finally Charlie observed that it was
getting late and he must see if the back doors were all secure &c.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At the back end of the building
was a room where all rough articles were kept and it was into this room where
Charlie had to go to ascertain if the outside door was locked. It was quite dark
in the back room but the light burning in the store proper, gave him a view
through the doorway of all that was going on there. As he returned from locking
the outside door he saw Mr. Blank step to the back end of the counter on the
side of the room where he was seated where there was a large wooden bowl filled
with rolls of butter, and deliberately take off his hat which was a fur one of
the large bell crown Uncle Sam pattern that were sometimes worn by antiquated
people of that age, and put a roll of butter into it, then place it on his head
again. Then Mr. Blank very silently and quietly resumed his seat again along
side of the stove. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Our friend Charlie immediately
determined upon his plan of action. He carelessly walked back into the store as
though he had not seen anything wrong and going to the front of the stove on
the opposite side from where Blank was seated observed that it was going to be
a very cold night, opened the stove door and filled it with dry wood, then
seated himself alongside of Blank between him and the front door of the
building so that he knew his customer could not get past him to get out unless
he went around on the opposite side of the stove. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As Charlie seated himself he
slapped Blank quite familiarly on the knee and said, “I must tell you the
scrape I got into when I lived in Westfield.” Then he commenced to relate an
imaginary [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] story which he knew
would detain Blank until the atmosphere in his immediate vicinity would be
somewhat heated. In a short time Charlie again observed that it was going to be
a cold night and he was afraid the potatoes in the back end of the store would
freeze and got up and filled the stove a second time with dry wood, this time
using several box covers that were handy. As he was about to reseat himself
Blank rose up and said that it was getting late and he must be going, but
Charlie was quick enough to step into the passage way and stopped him saying,
“no, I cannot let you go until you hear the remainder of my story, and crowded
him back into his seat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a short time it began to get quite warm and
Blank endeavored to get away but there was no seat futher [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] from the stove that he could get. Soon the perspiration
started and he out with his red bandanna and mopped the sides of his face at
the same time observing, “you keep it awful hot here.” Charlie replied by
saying he was afraid their potatoes would freeze before Monday morning and
again replenished the stove with dry wood. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Soon a greasy substance began to
trickle down the sides of the face of Mr. B. -- then out came the red bandana
again and the face took another good mopping. Still it grew warmer and warmer
and the greasy perspiration ran almost in streams down the man’s face and
trickled in large drops all over his coat collar from the ends of his long,
unkempt hair. His bandana had been used until it had become perfectly saturated
with melted butter and greasy perspiration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As our friend was about to
replenish the stove the fourth time Mr. Blank made a break. As he went out the
front door his persecutor said to him, “Look here Mr. Blank, the next time you
attempt to steal butter try and procure something better than your hat to carry
it home in.” In his long walk home over the rough roads that cold November
night Mr. Blank had an opportunity for reflection and undoubtedly became a
wiser if not a better man. He was never seen at the store of Olive Lee &
Son again, and within six or eight weeks afterwards left the town of Brant with
his family for some point in the far west, no doubt hoping to find some place
where he could steal butter under more favorable circumstances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The firm of Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> & Son was continued until the
spring of 1844 when Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
transferred all of his interest in the business to his second son, James H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>. From that time the business was
conducted under the firm name of C.H. & J.H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> until in the spring or summer of 1845 they associated with
themselves Noah D. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Snow</b>, Esq, who
had been a partner of their father in the distilling business for some years
previous. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Colonel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Snow</b> continued an active partner in this firm until the fall of
1849 when he was elected sheriff of this county. From this event it became
necessary to make a dissolution. However C.H & J.H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> continued the business until the spring of 1856 when they disposed
of their entire stock of good[s] to Ephraim R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ballard</b> of this village who continued the business as their
successor. About this time Charles H. Lee was elected one of the directors of
the Buffalo and State Line Railroad. He was afterwards elected vice-president
of the road and on the death of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Richmond</b>,
the president, was some time acting president of the same. At the next election
of directors the position of president was tendered him but on account of ill
health he felt it his duty to himself to decline the honor which if accepted
would necessarily impose upon him much mental labor and confinement. He has
always continued to make this village his home and is now a resident—a retired
capitalist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After the establishing of Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> & Co.’s Bank in Buffalo and his
assuming the presidency of it this with other large interests he had through
the state took him away from home so much that it could hardly be claimed that
he was resident of Silver Creek, although his family continued to reside here until
the summer of 1844, when Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>,
deciding that it would be more conducive to his comfort and beneficial to his
younger children, transferred them to that city. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">His interest in that part of the
state took him to Albany quite frequently, the modes of travel at that time
being very different from the present day. Then they had no luxurious parlor or
sleeping cars, in fact there was no continuous line of railroad like the Great
Central of to-day, consequently a continuous journey through to Albany was
tiresome and quite fatiguing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the early part of the summer
of 1846 soon after reaching Albany Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
was taken seriously ill but with the attention of a good physician he was soon
about again and in a few days was able to return to his home in Buffalo but was
stricken down again a few days afterwards and died very suddenly on the 28<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>
of July 1846. His remains were brought to this village an interred here. Very
soon afterwards the family returned to their homestead here which continued to
be the home of Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> the
remainder of her life, her demise taking place in the summer of 1882.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mrs. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
was one of the noble women of the country. Although an invalid and a great
sufferer for a number of years during the latter part of her life, she was ever
ready to assist in acts of charity and help the needy. The Presbyterian church
of this village received much assistance and many noble gifts from her.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">From 1830 to the time of his
death Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> was one of the most
prominent and leading business men in the state. From his first start to the
close of his business career he was successful in all his principal
undertakings. He was honorable in his deal and ever ready to pay the full
amount of his indebtedness. It is believed that there was never a time during
his long business experience that he was not ready to pay one hundred cents on
the dollar of any indebtedness due against him. This village was greatly
indebted to him for its start and growth from 1828 to 1844 or from the time he
came here until he left.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It is not at all probable that
there would ever have been a harbor or a pier built here had not Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> settled here. Without a pier there
never would have been any lake commerce which gave the place the start it
received about 1835 and 1836. And had that growth not occurred at that time it
is not probable that the manufacturing interest would have settled here that
did some years later, which makes it to-day one of the most enterprising,
lively and smartest villages in Western New York.—In our opinion Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> should have great credit for it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> 27 August 1884, Early History of Hanover, And
Biographical Sketches Of Early Settlers—Resumed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b>, familiarly known as “Joe <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b>,” came from Leon, Cattaraugus Co. and settled in this
village in the Spring of 1829. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b>
was a native of Massachusetts, a ship carpenter by occupation, having worked
several years at that business near Newburgh and other places along the Hudson
river previous to his coming to the western part of the State. Very soon after
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> settled here, he was
employed by Capt. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> to work
on a vessel that Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b> then had
on the stocks. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It required but a short time for
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> to show his employers
that he was better versed in ship building than any other of the many men they
had in their employ, one or two of whom claimed to be boss builders of large
experience. It is believed that from that time on Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> assisted in building every vessel that was set afloat here,
of many of which he had full control or a general superintendence, from the
laying of the keel, until the vessel was ready for her cargo. Among these was
the schooner Lumberman, built for Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
and Capt. John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b>, also the
steamboat W. F. P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b>, for John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b>, Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> and other parties. He had charge of rebuilding the schooner
Napoleon, which was afterwards rechristened the Alps, for Capt. Ferdinand <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Owen</b>. Previous to this he superintended
building the schooner Savannah, for Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>
and Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Vail</b>. Soon after the
completion of the Alps he built a lumber scow, schooner rigged, for Capt. Esau <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Owen</b>. The next was the schooner scow
Etna, for Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b> and Chauncy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lamphere</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He was the principal ship
carpenter on the brig Osceola and schooner Sarah Bugbee. His next was the
Commodore Chauncy, for Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b>
& Chauncy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lamphere</b>. He rebuilt
the lake canal boat Oceanna, and and [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
converted it into a schooner for himself and Capt. Myron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gage</b>. His next was a large scow schooner, the Mountaineer. His last
vessel was a small sloop, the Ocean, for Messrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hammond</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gale</b>, a
couple of men who came here early in the summer of 1842, from Boston, Mass.,
for the purpose of locating the wreck of the steamer Erie, which was burned off
this village in the month of August 1841. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> was an exceedingly industrious and hard working man; he was
a person who did not mingle much with the outside world but spent his spare
time at home reading scientific works, especially those he could obtain
relative to the art of ship building. After the industry of shipbuilding
declined so that he was left without an occupation he turned his attention to
millwright work. In this he became very proficient, and for a time was engaged
in rebuilding some mills in the southern portion of this county and in western
Pennsylvania. He continued to reside in this village until about 1855, when he
emigrated to Wisconsin, where he still resides, a hale, hearty old man of over
70 years of age. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">His son, W. W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> Esq., one of the most
enterprising and prominent citizens of this village, was born here in 1831. He
has always resided here and for a long time was at the head of the firm of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holcomb</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heine</b>. Mr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> was the inventor and
originator of the Bran Duster and Middlings Purifier, two machines that were at
one time manufactured by that firm quite extensively. About the year 1857 or
1858, Simeon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howes</b> Esq. of this
village bought out the Cogswell Patent Bran Duster and contracted with Ezekiel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Montgomery</b> & Sons of Silver Creek
to build the machines for him. At the time Mr. William W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> was in the employ of the Messrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Montgomerys</b> as a mechanic and was put to work on the Bran Dusters. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As these machines were completed,
they were put up in mills in the surrounding country. It was not long before
they began to show imperfections and complaints were made of them and their
working. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> being a
mechanic by nature and possessing large inventive abilities soon discovered
where the fault rested and the opportunities for improving the machine. At the
time he was in quite limited circumstances, and had nothing but his own genius
and labor to rely upon. For this reason he was compelled to work under many
difficulties and great disadvantages. He was compelled to devote regular hours
for labor for the subsistence of his family, and could only devote the over
time of nights and mornings to the improvement of the machine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At that time Mr. Alpheus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Babcock</b> was building a few Smut
Machines which he was placing in mills as opportunity offered. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> arranged with Mr. B. to join
him in the Bran Duster business and also to furnish some material aid; this
enabled Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> to devote more
time and attention to his machine. In 1862, they had so far improved and
completed the machine that they could with confidence go to a mill owner and
say to him that they would put one of the Bran Dusters into his mill, and if it
did not operated [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] to his entire
satisfaction they would take it away and pay for all trouble and expense. They
also made the offer of putting a machine in a mill and taking the extra amount
of flour made in six months in payment for the machine. In this way they were
successful in getting their Bran Duster into mills where the original machine
did not give satisfaction, and was condemned. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About this time other
manufacturers of rival Bran Dusters saw the success that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Babcock</b>
were meeting with; became jealous and commenced a suit for infringement on
their patents, when in fact they were the pirates. They had also been compelled
to operate under many disadvantages. They had no conveniences for making their
castings and doing some other iron work which necessitated purchasing from
other parties at a greater expense, and it also made them dependent to a
certain extent upon others. About 1870 or 1871, Mr. Alpheus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Babcock</b> had decided to devote his
entire time and energies to the manufacture of the Eureka Smut machine, in
which he had become interested with Mr. Simeon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howes</b> some time previous.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">For this reason he decided to
dispose of his interest in the Bran Duster business, and found a customer in
Mr. Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b>. In the meantime Mr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> had been at work
energetically and industriously. He had purchased from C. H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> Esq. The present site of the
Excelsior Works and had succeeded in putting up a building for a shop and
getting it inclosed [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]. About that
time he was taken down with serious sickness brought on by overwork and great
anxiety. This came near closing up his accounts with this world. From
possessing a strong constitution he weathered the sickness, and after a time
fully regained his health, when he again devoted all his energies and strength
to the completion of his shop and building his machines which were becoming
more popular every day, and the demand was rapidly increasing for them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The suits for infringements that
had been commenced against him had been decided in his favor. Although the
suits had been very expensive it was gratifying to him to know that the parties
who had purchased his machines and were using them could not be imposed upon by
having Sharpers come around and demand a royalty. About the year 1872, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> first conceived the idea of a
Middlings Purifier, a machine that is fast coming into use all over the
civilized world wherever flour is manufactured from wheat. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> devoted much time to perfecting
this machine and in endeavoring to have it as near correct as possible before
it was put in competition with other machines that were being used for similar
purposes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He had been very particular in
designating all points upon which they claimed improvements and for which they
obtained patents, all of which were granted without a single objection that was
sustained. At the same time, it was not long after their Middlings Purifier
began to be used, that other manufacturers found they were looked upon with
much favor by the milling public, and showed their jealousy by commencing suits
for infringement of patent. However, the suits were every one decided in the
favor of Mr. H. and his partners. Still it was quite annoying and somewhat
expensive to have the suits to content [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
with, and as they were a young firm with no surplus capital, it embarrassed
them for a short time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Late In the autumn of 1872, Mr.
Frank <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swift</b> disposed of his interest
in both the Bran Duster and Middlings Purifier to Mr. A. P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holcomb</b>, and transferred to him all
claim and interest he might have in any and all improvements. A few months
after, Mr. August <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heine</b>, who had
been engaged here in the hardware business, bought a one-third interest in the
works. From that time the firm became <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b>,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holcomb</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heine</b> and continued as such until the summer of 1882 when Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> disposed of his entire interest
including all the patents and improvements in the works, to his partners, for
which he received a handsome sum, sufficient if properly managed to place him
in easy, comfortable circumstances, all the remainder of his life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">W. W. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Huntley</b> is worthy of all he has received. Notwithstanding his
father was an energetic, hard working, industrious man, his circumstances were
such that his son was thrown upon his own resources at an early period in life
with nothing but his acquirements and what nature had done for him to assist
him. His circumstances and record through life show that he has made good use
of his abilities, and the care that he is taking of his aged parents by
providing them with a good home and surrounding them with all the comforts of
life, is a sure indication that he possesses all the nobler instincts of our
nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">WILLIAM <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VANDUZER</b>. Mr. William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b>,
who came here in the fall of 1833 as a superintendent of the interests of Olive
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>, was a native of
Newburgh-on-the-Hudson, where he was born in the month of February, 1798. Our
first information of him was of his being a merchant about the year 1826 in the
town of Evans, at a place known at that time as Dibble’s Bay, some ten miles
east of this place. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van Duzer </b>met
with the same misfortune that hundreds of other merchants of that period met
with. He was entirely too liberal in giving credit and trusting out his goods. When
it became necessary for him to replenish his stock he was unable to make
collections, which embarrassed him to that extent that he was not able to
liquidate his indebtedness and was compelled to suspend business. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But it was said that the next
three or four years of his life were entirely devoted to paying up the claims
against him. This he accomplished to the last dollar, and that too by paying
dollar for dollar with interest. This had been accomplished but a short time
before his settling in Silver Creek. Very soon after he came here he commenced
to take rank with the first people of the village. His reputation for being an
exceedingly honest, upright man had preceded him. He evinced a great interest
in our schools and for the welfare of the village generally. He became very
popular in the store of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> and
was highly respected by all who had occasion to do business with him. He was a
person of the most uniform and even temper that it has been our lot to become
acquainted with. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">To illustrate this we must relate
a little incident that occurred about the year 1838 or 1839. As he sat alone in
the store one evening reading a newspaper, a stranger came in. After a glance
at the man it occurred to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b>
that he was one of those who were bringing lumber from Cattaraugus county, and
as these people frequently did come in to purchase a bill of goods during the
evening so as to be ready for an early start the next morning, on the man’s
coming into the store Mr. V. arose, laid his paper aside, passed the
compliments of the evening with the stranger, and asked if he could do anything
for him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After a few moments of hesitation
the stranger inquired if they had any <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">good</i>
port wine, something that he knew to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pure</i>.
Mr. V. replied that they had some that he thought to be good, but could not say
that it was strictly pure, and after a few moments asked the man if he would
like to examine it. The stranger replied that he would. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Van Duzer</b> supposed of course the man
wanted one or two gallons. He stepped into the back room and obtained a lantern
such as they used for going into the cellar in the night time, then procured a
large glass or tumbler such as was in use at that time, then asked the man to
step down cellar with him, where at the extreme back end their wines and
liquors were kept. He drew the glass about two-thirds full and handed it to the
man to sample. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After taking a swallow or two of
it the stranger inquire the price or said he “How do you sell this?” Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b> answered him that they were
getting $8 a gallon for that wine. The man then put the glass to his lips the
second time and drained every drop of the wine and handed the glass back,
saying, “I guess that is pretty good. You may draw me a sixpence worth of it.”
At the same time he handed out an old-fashioned silver sixpence. Mr. V. could
not help but look at him with perfect astonishment. At first he thought the man
intended to insult him, but after looking at him sharply for a moment he saw
the man was in earnest. Mr. V. asked him if he brought anything to put the wine
in. The man said he had not, that he could drink that much. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b> said to him that they had no
license for retailing liquors and for that reason he would have to excuse them.
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b> learned a few days
after that his customer for port wine was a stranger who had come here only a
few days previous. He was a carpenter and joiner and resided here for some
years. After a while he evinced quite an appetite for wines and liquors when he
could drink them at other people’s expense.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On the 19<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> day of
November, 1833, Mr. William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b>
was appointed postmaster at this village, succeeding Dr. Jeremiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellsworth</b>. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b> had then not been here more than five or six weeks. This
fact shows the confidence that the community placed in him. He retained the
office until the 25<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> of August, 1841, when he was succeeded by
Judge Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b>. That was a period
when it cost all the way from six and one-fourth cents to twenty-five cents,
according to the distance, to send a letter over the United States. Probably
more mail matter comes to the postoffice of this village now each day than came
in a month at that time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">During the first one or two years
of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer’s</b> administration as
postmaster the office was kept at the store of Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>, but after a while it was thought advisable for Mr. V. to
devote a room of his dwelling house to the purpose and to make his wife his
assistant, who by the way was an exceedingly competent lady. Here permit us to
relate another slight anecdote which rests in the comparison of the postmaster
of this village with the king of England. The change of postoffice from <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee’s</b> store to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer’s</b> residence, when his wife became postmistress, was a
short time after the crowning of Victoria queen of England. Some seven or eight
miles from this village there lived an old man at that time nearly 80 years of
age, by the name of Solomon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rathbun</b>,
who had the honor of being one of those who had devoted nearly seven years of
the early part of his life to assisting to gain the independence of this
nation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Uncle Sol, as he was called by
all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance, had some queer peculiarities and
was somewhat eccentric. Among his peculiar notions was one that a woman’s
sphere was in the household looking after the care of her family. That it was
not her province to have anything to do with what he termed men’s work. The old
revolutioner was a pensioner and had come to that age when he did not come to
the village oftener than three or four times a year—then usually for his
pension, which we believe was obtained for him by Major C. C. Swift. Whenever
he came to the village about the first place he went to was the postoffice, to
obtain his mail if any for him or any of his neighbors. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The first time he came here after
Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b> had assumed control of
the office, the old man was quite indignant to think that he had to apply to a
woman for his mail matter. As soon as he had received it he came to the store
where the writer was a clerk at the time. Taking a seat the old man sat some
time apparently in deep meditation, when all at once he started up, saying: “I
declare! The king of England is a woman; the postmaster of Silver Creek is a
woman, and I declare I am <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">feared</i> the
women will rise to the presidency of the United States yet.” We assured the old
man that we did not think there was any danger, but he shook his head and
replied, “If they do, all our seven years struggle was in vain.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanDuzer</b> continued in the employ of Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> and Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> &
Son as assistant manager and superintendent of their business until his death,
which occurred on the 8<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> day of March, 1842. He was still a young
man—aged but 44 years. He was mourned over and missed not only by his bereaved
wife and children but by the entire community. His wife survived him many years
and the manner in which she acquitted herself of the great responsibility left
resting upon her shoulders in rearing and educating her children, demonstrates
the fact that she was a person of much more than ordinary abilities and
acquirements. Well might her children rise up and call her blessed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC 15<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>24
September 1884, Early History of Hanover, And Biographical Sketches Of Early
Settlers—Resumed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We mentioned in a previous
chapter that Mr. Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> had
charge of the erection of the Store, and soon afterwards the Silver Creek House
for Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> came from Westfield, this county,
in the early summer of 1828. He was a practical bricklayer, a firstclass
mechanic, who understood his business to perfection. He was an exceedingly
rapid workman and when he was once placed in charge of a job of work, the owner
could feel assured that it would be well and quickly done. But he, like many
other first-class mechanics, had one pernicious habit. He would have his
periodical spells of intoxication. During these sprees all business was
neglected, and he gave his whole time to spreeing and debauching. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">No one appeared to realize this
failing more than did Mr. Bum[p] himself when he was in a sober condition, and
hundreds were the times that he resolved that he would never touch or taste the
stuff again, but when the time came around, even the sight of it in a decanter
in the Bar of a Hotel, was too much for him; he could not resist it. On one
occasion in the fall of 1832 he had been at work building a chimney in a two
story house that had a short time before been erected on the ground where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Campbell’s</b> bakery now stands. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> had the chimney finished a few inches above the top of the
roof, when for want of material to finish with he was compelled to suspend work
a day or two, and before all was in readiness, he started on one of his spells
of intoxication. A week or ten days had passed, and still there was no sign of
his straightening up. It was getting late in the fall, it was then past the
middle of November, and the owner was afraid winter would set in before <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> would be able to complete the
chimney. He had had three or four conversations with him, urging him to sober
up and finish his job; then if he chose (as far as the man was concerned) he
could remain on his spree all winter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> finally promised him that drunk or sober he would be on hand
the next morning to complete the chimney. Sure enough the next morning between
8 and 9 o’clock he made his appearance, saying he was ready for the work. It
had rained or sleeted the early part of the night before, and turned cold and
frozen quite hard towards morning, and was then spitting snow considerably. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> was still so much under the
influence of liquor that he could hardly walk straight, but insisted on at once
going on the roof of the building to complete the job. The roof, ladder, and
staging were covered with ice, so that a perfectly sober man, even, could not
stand upright upon the roof for a moment. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b>
was told this, but all to no purpose, he had come there to complete that
chimney and he was going to do it then and there. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There were two or three standing
around endeavoring to convince him of his foolishness, when, before they were
aware of what he was doing, he was half way up the ladder going as fast as he
knew how towards the top of the building. One of the strongest of those
standing around also sprang for the ladder and followed <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b>, hoping to overtake him at the staging and be able to show him
the impracticability of his proceeding and persuade him to return. But <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> was too quick for him, he
succeeded in getting on the roof, and by clinging to the cleets [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] he crawled along to the ridgepole,
but the moment that he made the effort to stand erect his feet came out from
under him, and he came sliding down the roof at lightning speed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fortunately for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> the man had reached the top of the
ladder and as he came off the roof the man caught him by the coat collar, and
it was also fortunate that the man was strong and powerful enough to hold him
until help ascended to assist in getting him down, but for a minute or two (the
man said it seemed like ten minutes to him) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> hung between the heavens and the earth, some twenty-five or
thirty feet above the ground, with rocks and timber strewn around, which he
would have come in contact with had he come down. It had the effect of
frightening <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> so much that it
completely sobered him and when he came to realize the narrow chance he ran of
losing his life, he then resolved in earnest, that he would never drink
anything more that would intoxicate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It is uncertain, however, whether
he would have kept that resolve or not had not other circumstances occurred to
assist him in doing so. Not long after this event, the great Mormon revival of
1833 set in here. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> was one of
the first converts, and from the first took a prominent and active part in all
their meetings. Early in the spring of 1832 he disposed of his property and
with his family, and several other families, started for Kirtland, Grange Co.,
Ohio, then the great Mormon Mecca.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> and his colony from Chaut. Co. were among the early Mormon
settlers there, and he had managed to gain the confidence of a majority of the
community, and he at once evinced disposition to make good use, in his own
behalf, of that confidence. Then it was arranged and settled to erect the great
Mormon Temple at Kirtland. Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b>
was chosen Master Builder. Also when it was decided to establish the Mormon
Bank of Kirtland, he was chosen President, and his oldest son Cashier. The
Bank, however, had but a short existence. If reports were correct, about all
the capital they ever had was the money they paid for having their paper
printed in New York. They had a large amount of bills representing a million or
so of money struck off, succeeded in getting several thousand dollars into
circulation, principally through the West, before the bubble burst, and it was
found there was not a dollar to redeem the paper with.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After four or five years we
believe dissensions sprang up among the Mormons at Kirtland, and a part of them
went farther west to some point in Missouri, but if our memory is correct, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b> remained at Kirtland and died
there a few years after the rupture. There is no doubt but it was his
connection with the Mormons that caused <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bump</b>
to refrain from drinking to excess. If so, Mormonism, in its early stages, was
the cause of promoting a little good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. Baruch <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> came from Evans, Erie Co. in the Fall of 1831 and purchased
the Tavern Stand with the small farm with it that had a short time previous
been owned and kept by James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b>.
The property included the lot where Mr. Sol. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b> now resides, and a large orchard adjoining the property of
the late Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burgess</b>. Within the
last few years, streets have been opened through this property, lots have been
surveyed and laid out, and a large number of dwellings erected upon it. So that
it is now quite valuable. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b>
was a member of the Presbyterian church in Evans before he came to Silver
Creek. At that time we often met with members of religious organizations who
did not deem it at all harmful to sell intoxicating liquors and occasionally we
found one who thought it no harm to drink it. It was also generally believed
that a Tavern, or Hotel, could not be kept or sustained, without selling
liquors. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> was one of the
latter class although he had conscientious scruples regarding the business, and
would not sell to any one but travelers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Tavern business was not
agreeable to him. In the Spring of 1833 he had an opportunity of renting his
Stand to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sunderland</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hosmer</b> of Westfield, who took
possession on the first day of May. This gave Mr. P. an opportunity of devoting
all his time to farming. Very soon after taking possession of the house <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sunderland</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hosmer</b> made an application for a license. The law of this state at
that time said that no person should keep a Tavern or Inn without a license.
The Board of Excise decided that a tavern in that part of the village was not
needed and refused to grant a license. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">However, Messrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sunderland</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hosmer</b> hung out a sign which read “Entertainment” and went ahead,
but it was but a short time before parties who were interested endeavored to
close them up with an injunction but <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sunderland</b>
& <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hosmer</b> were successful in
employing Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mullett</b> of Fredonia
who had no trouble in getting the injunction set aside on the ground of
unconstitutionality. However these parties did not care to keep more than one
year. They did not acquire the large amount of money that perhaps they
anticipated they would do before they went there, but the principal cause of
their not continuing was an incompatibility of temper between <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sunderland</b> and Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hosmer</b>. They could not agree to work
together.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the spring of 1834 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sunderland</b> returned to Westfield and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hosmer</b> engaged in chair building. The public house was rented and
kept by a Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brownell</b>. In the
spring of 1835 Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> had an
opportunity of disposing of the property to Mr. Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whitney</b>, who came here from Rochester. After <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> disposed of this property he purchased a farm about a mile
south-east of the village. None of the leading or traveled roads went near this
property, nor was there any comfortable dwelling house upon it so <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> kept his family in the village
and worked the farm to the best advantage possible. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The farm contained quite a large
sugar bush. He arranged during the second or third season he owned the property
to make a quantity of sugar should the season prove a favorable one. He had
built a temporary but comfortable sugar house and obtained a large quantity of
buckets etc., etc. The season was about one-half or two-thirds over, and they
had made but little sugar yet but had quite a quantity of syrup stored away in
the sugar house. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> being a
leading church member did not himself or allow any one in his employ to do any
work about his place on the Sabbath even if a large amount of sap ran away on
that day. When Saturday night came everything was closed up and made as secure
as possible and Mr. P. and his employe [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
returned to their homes here in the village. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There were a half dozen or so of
young men in town who were well posted upon Mr. P.’s arrangements. They thought
it would be a good joke on him and amusement for them and at the same time give
them all the new sugar they could eat, to go to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>his camp after dark Sunday evening and start his fires and convert his
syrup or a part of it into new sugar. To avoid all danger of detection they
decided not to go until after eight or nine o’clock and as there was no house
within a half a mile or so they lost all fear or thoughts of being disturbed.
To facilitate their proceedings they did not hesitate to take some lumber and
other valuable property to start their fires and hasten along their sugaring,
neither were they sparing of the syrup or the way they used the camp utensils. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Apparently all was passing finely
and they were having a glorious time and probably it would have been a mystery
to the owner who his visitors were had not his man for some cause taken a walk
that evening towards the sugar bush. As soon as he came within sight of the
locality he saw through the trees a bright light which he felt sure must be
near their boiling place. As he drew near he could plainly see the figures of
men moving around the fire. His first thought was to pounce upon them and make
inquiries as to their rights in proceeding as they were doing. He concluded to
go slow and cautious, and by keeping one side so the light of the fire did not
reflect upon him he was able to get up to a large tree that stood but a few
feet from the sugar house. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He soon found there were no less
than six of the young men. He was near enough to hear all their conversation
and as he knew them all he was able to take their names. He remained in his
secluded spot for some time or until he had gained all the information he
thought necessary, when he stole away unseen as quietly and unobserved as he
reached there and came to the village, went direct to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps’</b> house and informed him of all that had been going on. Mr.
P. thought it best not to wait until daylight next morning to ascertain the
amount of plunder and damage, but with his man immediately went to his camp. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He found the parties had finished
their sugaring and left, but they had left a large fire under his kettles and
quite a quantity of sugar in one which was then being burned to the kettle. Two
other kettles were also being badly damaged by the fire. After doing all they
could to save any further damage by fire Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> and his man returned to their homes. It was then near
morning but Mr. P. concluded to let the matter rest until people were starting
out for the day, when he called upon Judge Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b>, who was a Justice of the Peace, and gave him an account of
their doings. He informed Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b>
that he did not care to commence criminal proceedings against the young men if
they were disposed to settle up and pay the damage that had been done to him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He was also of the opinion that
they should be made to pay pretty roundly. As one of the number expressed it
they had had a royal good time and Mr. P. thought they should pay for it. After
considering the matter for a short time the Judge thought he had better first
without issuing a warrant for their arrest send a constable around to each one
of the young men and inform them that if they did not care to take a trip to
Mayville and lie in jail for a time they had better come around to his office
immediately and settle up a little matter with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b>. It is needless to say the whole party were completely taken
by surprise, but not one of them hesitated in making his appearance, so that in
less than one hour the whole party were at Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward’s</b> office. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b>
let them off by their paying him $5 each and whatever costs the Judge might
have. They gladly accepted the proposition and those who were not able to pay
the amount upon the spot gave security to pay in a few days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b> gave them a good lecture and told them they had been let off
very lightly and it was to be hoped they would let this be a good lesson and
and [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] never be caught in another
affair of the kind—that it might end in sending them to the penitentiary. The
matter was all settled and well hushed up before a dozen people in the village
knew of it. Not long after this two of the party who were journeyman tailors
left the village. The others remained some time, but ever after or as long as
they remained in this village their conduct was every way proper and honorable.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Some two years after <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phelps</b> sold his tavern stand to Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whitney</b>, he had an aching to get back
into the business again. He finally rented the Lyman <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b> place which was sometimes known as the Center House and kept
this, we believe, two years as a temperance house, but the business did not
come up to his expectation. He gave up hotel-keeping and returned to Evans.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FC16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.2in 8pt 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Fredonia
Censor</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> 17 March 1886, </span>On The
Underground, Recollections of an Old Conductor, From Shore to Shore, Tricking
the Slave Catchers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Messrs. Editors. — An article
appeared in the Censor some weeks ago from the pen of F. A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Redington</b>, Esq., relative to
anti-slavery days and the Underground Ry. That brings to our recollection many
of the stirring incidents of those times. From the spring of 1852, until the
fall of 1858, the writer was in the employ of the late Capt. E. B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b>, the great steam boat owner of
Detroit, as clerk on one of his steamers, forming the regular line between
Cleveland and Detroit. From the opening of navigation until it closed at the
setting in of winter, these boats run with almost as great regularity as a
train of cars. They were for a long time the only connecting line between the
South Shore railroads and the Michigan Central and were regarded as a railroad
line. The line has always been a good paying one, and is kept up to the present
period and is the only regular line on lake Erie that has for near thirty years
past supported two large first class side wheel steamers. At the time spoken
of, these boats, or at least one of them, formed a very important link in the
Underground railroad. Capt. E. B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b>
was a radical on the question of slavery. Whenever the subject was broached in
his hearing he did not hesitate to let his views be known. We have often heard
him remark that if there was a human being on earth that he despised, that he
had utter contempt for, it was the person who bought and sold human chattels.
He was always ready to contribute liberally to any measure for the amelioration
of that oppressed class. He was also one of the foremost ones in aiding those
who had escaped from bondage and made their way to their haven of liberty —
Canada. It is a well known fact that soon after the Dred Scott decision, there
were secret organizations formed all along the Ohio river from Portsmouth to
Pittsburgh, and in fact all through Ohio, for the purpose of aiding and helping
all those fugitives from slavery who were fortunate to escape and succeeded in
crossing the Ohio river from Virginia and Kentucky, on their way to Canada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">These organizations were
wonderfully successful in helping the poor refugee through the state of Ohio,
and never lost sight of him until he was landed in the colored man’s land of
freedom. It was the secret working of this anti-slavery band that gave the name
of the Underground Railroad. Cleveland was regarded as one of the principal
stations of the route and all who were fortunate enough to reach there felt
quite sure that the principal difficulties of their journey were over. A large
number of the native [?] workers of the organization at that point were colored
men; although there were many of the anglo-saxon race that were sympathizers
and contributed very largely of their means to pay all the incidental expenses
of running the U.G.R.R. and keeping it in working order. Soon after we engaged
in our position as clerk of one of Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward’s</b>
steamers in the spring of 1852, while the boat was lying at the dock in
Cleveland, we were<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>approached by quite
an elderly and venerable colored man who asked if Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> had been on board the boat within a short time. We
inquired what <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> he referred
to. It if was Joseph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, the
Supt. of the U. G. Ry. The old man answered, “’zactly sir, he is de
superintendant and I is de president of dat institution.” We replied that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> had not yet favored us with a
call. However, while we were in conversation the superintendent came up and
presented us with a note from our employer stating that we should pass free
from Cleveland to Detroit, all refugees or fugitives from slavery who should be
brought to the boat by either of the individuals then present. After remarking
that we should always gladly obey the instructions of the owners or proprietors
of the line, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> stated
that he had never known my status on the question of slavery, but in order to
have the cause in which they were engaged go on successfully, it was important
that a person filling the position that I occupied on board the boat should be
a sympathizer with them, or at least should not be opposed to them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I replied that although I had
never taken any active part in the cause of anti-slavery, it had my sympathy
and I would gladly see the shackles knocked from every man in America, and that
they could rely upon my assisting them in every way in my power that would not
bring me amenable to the law. It was not long after this conversation before
travel set in upon the Underground Railroad. During the summers of 1852 and
1853, there was hardly a week that we did not have a greater or less number of
refugees escaping from slavery to their land of freedom. These were mostly from
the border states of Virginia (now Western Virginia,) Kentucky and Tennessee
and what surprised us most was the numbers in which they traveled. It was often
the case that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> would
bring us ten or twelve at a a [sic] time and sometimes this number constituted
a whole family. On one occasion in the summer of 1854, we had no less than
thirty individuals escaping from bondage to the dominion of Great Britian
[sic], where they could enjoy the inalienable rights endowed by their Creator.
Among this thirty was one family of twelve persons, the head of which was a
venerable, white haired patriarch of sixty years, and the youngest an infant
but little over one year of age. After the boat was under way, so that the old
man should have no fear of being molested, curiosity prompted us to question
him how he could manage to travel so far with so many children and not be
apprehended. The old man informed us that his former home had been in Kentucky,
about seventy-five miles above Newport, and only about a mile back from the
Ohio river; that his old Massa usually went to Newport and Cincinnati once
during each summer which would keep him away from one to two weeks. On this
occasion old Missus and their only son, a young man of twenty years,
accompanied them. The party left home on a Saturday morning. Before they had
gone an hour the old man began his preparations for leaving. He went to the
Ohio river and procured two boats with which he knew he could take his whole
family over at one trip. In the meantime his wife was baking all the corn meal
they had in their quarters, and all he could find in old Massa’s house into hoe
cake. She also cooked by boiling and frying all the bacon they could lay their
hands upon. This, with two or three fowls they cooked, constituted their stock
of provisions for a week. It was about 12 o’clock at night when they were
securely across the Ohio, ready to take up their march. The old man had formed
his plans before starting to take the stars for his guide and avoid all greatly
traveled roads. Soon after daylight the next morning they discovered a barn
some distance from the road near a track of woods. The old man determined that
this was just the place for them to rest through the day, providing there was
no person about. He concluded they had not traveled more than twelve or fifteen
miles and were not over ten miles from the river, and knew very well that the
locality was not a very safe one for runaway niggers (as they were termed) if
discovered. Leaving his family securely hid in a clump of bushes, a short
distance back from the road, he started to reconnoiter the barn. He found
everything favorable, not a living creature of any description around and a
large mow of clean, dry hay. It was not long before he had his family well
covered with the hay, fast asleep, while he took a secure place for a look out.
The day passed and they were not interfered with. In fact, the old man said he
did not see but one individual all day. About 10 o’clock in the morning a man
went by on horse back, that he took to be a Methodist minister going somewhere
to preach. As soon as the sun was behind the hills in the west, and the stars
began to glimmer, he marshaled his little band and started again northward. He
arranged with his wife for him to take the next to the youngest child (a little
girl two and a half years old) and keep some eighty rods or so in the advance,
and if he should be interfered with so that he thought their safety was in
jeopardy he would give a certain signal by which the others could secrete
themselves. The night passed without any one troubling them. Daylight, Monday
morning, brought them to a large woods, or a tract of timber land; there they
remained securely through the day, and again at night fall they started towards
the land of liberty. They had gone but a short distance before they fell in
with a man of their own color. This proved a fortunate circumstance to them. He
at once informed them that he would pilot them to the house of an old Quaker
preacher who was a true friend to all who were fleeing from slavery. After a
walk of about two hours or more, or about 12 o’clock at night, they came to a
large unpretentious farm house and were told to seat themselves in the yard
while their friend went to the house and awakened the Quaker and informed him
who were there. It was but a short time before the preacher made his appearance
and assured them of his friendship and willingness to aid them all in his
power. He said to them that his wife had already commenced to get them a good
warm meal, then turning to the colored man who brought them there said, “Jonas,
you fill the wagon with good clean straw, hitch up the black and brown mares
and take these people on their way towards freedom.” He gave Jonas the route to
take and ended by informing him to whom he should deliver us. Soon after
sunrise the next morning we reached the residence of another Quaker who took us
in and cared for us through the day and very soon after dark were again on our
way. This mode of travel was continued until they reached a little town about
seventy-five miles from Cleveland, when about 12 o’clock at night, they were
put into a car attached to a freight train, and were taken into Cleveland before
daylight the next morning. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>
and two of their color, met them at the cars and conducted them to a rendezvous
of safety, when they found several others likewise, waiting for an opportunity
to flee to Canada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We inquired of the old man why he
took to [sic] great a risk in getting away with his whole family; if he was ill
treated or misused. He replied by saying, that old Massa was very kind and
good, and treated them well until about ten years previous when he commenced
drinking too much and oft times came home not himself; in other words, came
home under the influence of whiskey. This had been growing upon him until there
was hardly a week that he did not come home drunk, and when in that condition,
if anything went wrong or did not please him, his fury and rage knew no bounds.
He was liable to strike one of his people (he owned eight other slaves besides
this family) with a club or any article he could lay his hands upon. The
immediate cause of this family leaving, the old man said was, old Massa went
away on a Thursday morning a few weeks previous and did not return until
Saturday evening, when he was very badly intoxicated. Sunday morning he came to
our cabin, which was near by the homestead, and asked for that girl, pointing
to a young and rather delicate looking girl of probably about 12 or 13 years of
age, and asked her why she did not work in the field hoeing corn with the other
people the two days previous. She replied that she was sick and not able to
work. The child’s mother corroborated her story and said she was so sick she
was compelled to lay in bed nearly all one day. Old Massa said it was a lie, he
knew better, the girl was lazy, that he would teach her that she could not play
off in that way as soon as his back was turned. He grabbed hold of her and took
her out to the barn where he tied her to a post and whipped her until the blood
run down her back nearly to her feet; her back still shows more than twenty
marks of the lash. “I then resolved,” added the old man, “that the first opportunity
that presented itself I would take all my family and make an effort, even at
the risk of my own life, to reach a country where a man can protect his own
children, even if they are of African decent [sic], against the brutality of an
unprincipled licentious drunken white man.” We remarked to him that providing
no accident happened, that soon after sunrise next morning, he would be safely
landed in Canada, where the lash and club of the slave holder had no
jurisdiction, and where a man has control over his own children regardless of
their color or condition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The next incident in connection
with the U.G.R.R. worthy of note, occurred in the early<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>part of September 1856. On the day in
question, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> came to us
soon after 12 o’clock at noon under a great excitement and stated that they had
their men at the rendezvous who came in the night before. Two of them were
brothers belonging to a near neighbor, all three were from near Lexington, Ky.
That the detectives were already looking for them, and he was just in receipt
of a dispatch which indicated that the man who claimed to be the owner of the
brothers had left Cincinnati that morning, and would be in Cleveland about 3
o’clock p.m. of that day; also that there were detectives looking for the fugitives,
and watching every move of his, hoping thereby to ascertain the place of
rendezvous. He expressed great fear and thought it would be next to impossible
to get the three men on board the boat even after the night had set in as the
detectives would have one or two of their number watching the boat until she
left her dock at 9 o’clock in the evening. After several plans were talked over
we took the captain of the steamer into our confidence (who by the by was not a
sympathizer in the cause, but knowing very well that his employer was an ardent
worker, we felt sure that he dare not betray us.) He at once suggested a plan
that worked successfully; which was for the fugitives to remain secreted until
8:30 o’clock, which would be but a half an hour before the time for the boat to
leave. Then for them to be brought by a round about way to the opposite side of
the river, from where the boat was lying, where there were some large piles of
lumber which shaded the river, and for another person to secure and have a yawl
boat at the place in readiness when at a given signal from the steamer with a
lantern, all hands were to quietly step into the yawl boat and pull to the
after gangway of the steamer on the opposite side from the dock, where they
could easily slip into the aft steerage cabin which contained a state room that
had been used a number of times previous by those who were fleeing from slavery
to seek a land of freedom under a foreign power. We were quite sure that if we
once had these men safely on board the boat, and the boat underway, the United
States Marshals could not get them off, at least before we reached Detroit. The
lines were cast loose before the men stepped on board so that it was but a
moment before the boat was under way. As we passed a schooner a short distance
below, a man with satchel in hand, jumped on board of our boat. We recognized
him as being one that had been hanging around the dock with the U.S. Marshal
for an hour or two before night fall. We also saw him in close conversation
with one of the Irish firemen whom we knew would betray us in a moment if he
could. When he came to the office to pay for his passage we inquired his name
and place of residence. To the latter he replied Lexington, Kentucky. If we had
any doubts before of his being the owner of these men and the one endeavoring
to recapture them they were then all driven away and our hearts sank within us.
For a time we could think of nothing but the arrest of these poor fellows as
soon as we landed at Detroit and their being taken back to servitude in chains
and irons. We knew that there was always one or two police officers and
generally a deputy U.S. marshal on the dock when we reached Detroit and it was
a question whether we could keep these men hid any length of time. Also knew
the Kentuckian would probably have the ship searched if he could not find his
prey without it. We finally retired for the night endeavoring to concoct some
plan to checkmate the slave owner. We finally dropped to sleep and were
awakened a couple of hours or so after, by some one tapping lightly on our
office window. (Our sleeping room was directly back of the office) On opening
the office window we saw the older one of the two brothers who was a man of at
least three-fourths white blood, and of more than ordinary intelligence,
especially for one who had been reared in servitude. As soon as we saw who it
was we invited him into our office and closed the door. He informed us that
their owner had been shown their hiding place in the cabin below by the Irish fireman,
that the Kentuckian appeared to take great pleasure in telling them that he now
had them as surely as though they were back on their native soil; that he
telegraphed the U. S. Marshal at Detroit before leaving Cleveland to be at the
dock on the arrival of the boat prepared to take them in charge. That they
would be taken back to Kentucky in irons, and when once there they could make
their calculations to receive one hundred lashes on their bare backs. After
hearing his entire story we told the man to go back to his hiding pace and to
remain there until called for by us; that we would endeavor to think of some
way to thwart this fellow who appeared to be so anxious to inflict personal
punishment upon them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It so happened that Capt. E. B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b>, the owner of the boat, was on
board that night. He had been to Washington and returned Via Cleveland,
consequently was there on his way home. Immediately after the man left us we
formed our plan of action and only waited to have an interview with Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b> to have it carried out. Soon after
sunrise he came upon deck from his stateroom. We went directly to him and
informed him of all the circumstances of the case. Without a word farther than
saying I think we can thwart this slave holder’s plans, he sent a boy, (an
attaché of the boat) for the captain in command to come to him at once. We were
then in the British Channel of the Detroit River and about 10 miles below that
city. At the rate we were running would be there in from a half to three
fourths of an hour. As soon as the master of the steamer reported himself,
Capt. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b> directed him to run the
boat to as near the channel bank as it would be safe for him to do so, stop his
engine and let go his small anchor, to lower away a small boat with two good
oarsmen in it and bring it to the after gang way on the land side. As soon as
this was complete he directed us to have the men brought up from below and
placed in the yawl, also directed us to give each of the men a dollar so that
they should not be turned loose without means to obtain a breakfast. When the
yawl was about halfway from the steamer the Kentuckian came out of his
stateroom. He immediately took in the situation of affairs. About the same time
he was seen by the fugitives who were rapidly getting out of his reach but they
could not go without giving him a parting word. The elder one sang out to him
“Good by Massa, when yous gets back to Lexington tells them all we is safe in
Canada.” As soon as this man could find utterance he belched forth in language
that would astonish the most depraved. No furious wild animal ever rared or
tore around more wildly than he did. He was entirely frantic with rage. But all
his swearing did him no good. On arrival at Detroit he sought legal counsel but
whether he received any encouragement that he could sustain a claim against the
boat for the loss of his property we never learned. We never heard anything
further from him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">G.L.H., Silver Creek, N.Y., March
4<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>, 1886.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SCN 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Silver Creek News</i>, 15 June 1916, Stories Of Early Days, Silver
Creek Historical Society<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Among the manuscripts of a [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] unpublished history of Silver Creek
written by the late Major Grove L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>,
father of Mrs. Chas. N. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howes</b>, is
found the following which was written between 1880 and 1885, and is here
printed as written. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>, as
is well-known, did more than anyone else towards preserving the early history
of our village.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“In the early days of the village
of Silver Creek the citizens were not entirely deprived of amusements. Balls
were frequently held, especially on the 4<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> of July, and on
Christmas, and the incoming of the New Year which were usually well patronized
by the younger members of society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“The story was told of one of the
earlier residents of the village who was a good pious member of the Methodist
Denomination, when on Christmas about 1826, the young folks had been making
preparations for a Christmas Ball and during this time the members of the
denomination had been for a couple of weeks or more holding nightly prayer
meetings. On the occasion of one of these meetings the good brother referred to,
felt [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] his duty to warn the young
people of the fallacy of attending places of amusements of this character, he
became somewhat excited in his exhortation and did not stop to consider what he
was saying, but broke out and said ‘My young friends, I presume I have attended
more than a hundred Christmas Balls and never in my life received any real
comfort from doing so.’ He was then a man of some 35 or 40 years of age, but he
did not stop to consider that Christmas Balls come but once a year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“Aside from public dancing
parties there was not much amusement, only an occasional social gathering at
the home of some well-known citizen. Early in the spring of 1826, Silver Creek
enjoyed the first dramatic entertainment ever presented in the village. The
occasion was for one night only. On the occasion mentioned there came to the
inn, kept at that time by James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b>,
a gentleman with his wife and daughter. They were traveling by their own
conveyance, of a pair of worn out horses and a delapidated [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] vehicle that had once passed by the
name of carriage. They were traveling from Pittsburgh, Pa., to Albany, N.Y.,
and arrived here about noon, having come from Fredonia only that day. Very soon
after reaching here, the gentleman scattered hand bills through the village, we
think he left one at each house, announcing that on that evening there would be
an exhibition in the ball room of Mr. James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris’</b> tavern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“When evening came, the writer in
charge of his father, went and had the first view of a dramatic entertainment
of his life and the impressions were so great that he will remember all the
principal points during his life. There were but three of the party, the
gentleman and his wife were middle aged people and their daughter was probably
18 or 20 years of age. They had evidently been connected with a theater in
Pittsburgh and were on their way to join some company in Albany, and they
stopped at places along the way to play to gain money for their traveling
expenses. On this occasion the piece selected was something of the nature of
Ten Nights in a Bar Room. I remember very well of the young lady taking the
part of two characters. [O]ne was a young man who was a great inebriate, wore a
large overcoat and carried a black glass bottle in one pocket from which he frequently
imbibed. The affair passed off very nicely for one of the description, the
house was well filled, probably a majority of the male inhabitants of the
village were there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“The second dramatic performance
for Silver Creek came off in the spring of 1835. Our friend William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon</b>, who was the leading tailor of
the village at that time, had a couple of journeymen tailors in his employ who
had traveled over a large portion of the globe. Although they had not met until
they became fellow workmen in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon’s</b>
shop in the village of Silver Creek, they both professed to possess
considerable dramatic talent. During the winter they had talked over their
experiences in matter of a theatrical nature. One of them was known by the
cognomen of Tim Twist, his real name was Fnller [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]; the name of the other was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b>. We are indebted to our friend and fellow citizen, Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wight</b>, Esq., for the following account
of the exhibition these gentlemen succeeded in innaugurating [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] here:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“ ‘These Knights of the Needle had
been talking all through the preceding winter of the many dramatic
entertainments in which they had, at different times and in different places,
been engaged. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brannon’s</b> tailor shop
was a place of general resort, especially through the evenings, for many of the
young men of the village. After canvassing and talking the matter over for some
time, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b>, the Journeymen tailors,
determined to make an effort and see what sort of a performance they could
produce. They consulted Jonathan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b>,
Mine Host of the Silver Creek House, and found they could obtain his ballroom
both for private rehearsals, and when they were ready for a public exhibition.
They then set themselves at work to form a dramatic club. The material for such
an organization at that early period was not very promising, but after a good
deal of labor in examining candidates, they settled upon the following who were
then all residents of Silver Creek: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b> took the leading
characters; then came W. B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cotton</b>,
for a long time afterwards a resident of Fredonia; <span style="text-transform: uppercase;">A</span>mos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wight</b>, John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roll</b>, and a person by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Slosson</b> who was a school teacher in
this vicinity. The ladies who took part in the performance were Miss Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Trask</b>, Miss Persis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holmes</b>, Miss Lydia Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mason</b>,
Miss Elizabeth Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gates</b>, Misses
Roxan and Susan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“ ‘The piece chosen was Damon and
Pythias. This courageous band met once a week for some time for rehearsals and
it would have made the genions [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
of romance tear every hair from his historic head could he have been permitted
to have seen and heard the wild fury of those two stage struck tailors. Passion
was rent into more pieces than they would have been able to sew together during
their natural lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“ ‘The time came after a while
for a public exhibition, and for three nights our citizens, with those living
adjoining the village, were held spell bound by this thrilling performance. The
price of admittance was put at 12 1/2 , only thinking that that much would pay
the current expenses. The hall was not large enough to accommodate more than
half that applied for admission each night. Among the audience we noticed
Captain <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grover</b>, at that time our
Customs House Officer, who probably had had opportunities of witnessing some of
the best dramatic talent in America, and at times during the most tragic parts
of the piece he was so convulsed with laughter that we feared instantaneous
epoplexy [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]. Notwithstanding, the
house was well filled all three of the nights, the performance was not a
success so far as paying was concerned. There were a great many deadheads and
the stray shillings that came in hardly paid for the tinsel and burned cork
employed in decorating the performers, but it gave the boys and girls a chance
to enjoy themselves. The performers generally regarded the amusement they had
in the matter was pay enough for them, but the ardent disciples, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b> & <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b>, were so elated over their fancied success that they
determined to abandon the goose and needles in disgust and find a larger field
for the exercise of their dramatic talent. But we are sorry to add it is feared
that they were not successful. A few years after, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stewart</b> was captured while participating in the Canadian Rebellion
and was sentenced to Van Deman’s Land for a term of years, while <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fuller</b>, through disappointment and what
he thought was a lack of appreciation of true dramatic talent, took to drink
and when we last heard from him, he and whiskey were in joint accord and his
partner was fast getting the best of him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“ ‘Of those who are known to be
living who participated in this entertainment are Wilbur B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cotton</b>, now residing in Fredonia; Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wight</b> of Silver Creek; Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Slosson</b> of Nashville; Miss Eliza Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gates</b> is the wife of Amos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> of Randolph; Lydia Ann <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mason</b> is the wife of Albert G. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dow</b> of Randolph; Miss Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Trask</b> is the wife of Alva <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Montgomery</b> and resides in Buffalo. Miss
Persis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holmes</b> left here many years
ago and so far as regards her, we are unable to say whether she is alive or
not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“ ‘Before closing we must state that
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keith</b> made no charge for the use
of his hall or ballroom. When spoken to in regard to it he replaid [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] that he was already well paid in
seeing the dramatic art flourish in our midst and the amusement he secured from
viewing the performance. Since that time we have no knowledge of any regular
dramatic entertainment being performed here by home talent. There have been
varied exhibitions in school houses and churches and we are frequently
entertained by travelling bands or combination troups [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] that come here to favor us with their performances, but we
venture to say that in no single instance has any company given an exhibition
that gave more real amusement and genuine satisfaction and pleasure than the
one gotten up and performed by home talent under the auspices, superintendance
and direction of the journeymen tailors.’”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SCN 2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Silver Creek News </i>22 June 1916, Stories Of Early Days, Silver
Creek Historical Society, Side Lights On Local History, From the Manuscripts of
the Late Major Grove L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>—Written
between 1880 and 1885.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About the year 1828, an affair
occurred here that created considerable excitement for the time being. A man by
the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> had articled
from the Holland Land Company and settled on the farm on which John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dalrymple</b> now lives. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> was the brother-in-law of
Captain Bushnell <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>. He was
quite poor so far as this worlds goods were concerned, but was hard working,
industrious and energetic. It took nearly every dollar he had to get his
article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Here, let me explain that it was
the custom of the Holland Land Company, who were the owners of the principal
part of the land in Chautauqua County in its wild state, to, on application for
a certain tract of land by the parties paying a small amount of money of about
a dollar an acre, give them an article for a deed in case the parties paid the
balance with interest within a certain period. If they failed to make the
payments within the period stated, they forfeited what they had paid and their
article had expired, and according to the rules of the company no matter how
great improvements there had been made on the property it was again subject to
be articled.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About that time, there was a
class of men who were called “land sharks,” that frequented the land office at
Mayville, and by paying a fee to the clerks could get a list of tracts of land
on which the articles had expired. They would then go and examine the tract and
if the improvements that had been made were enough so it was an object, they
would re-article it and take possession, and if they did not care to hold the
property permanently, they would offer their article and improvements for sale.
The “land sharks” as they were called, were looked upon as no better than
pirates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> had been intending to renew his article, but he was
careless and let it expire, not thinking that anyone would take advantage and
pirate him or steal his improvements from him. He had erected a comfortable
house and cleared a number of acres, and had just got in condition to live comfortably.
Among his other improvements he had set out an orchard and built a small barn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">About this time there was a
family by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> that
consisted of an elderly man and his wife and two grown up sons and daughters.
He lived very quietly without any apparent business for some time. Finally, the
old gentleman slipped off to Mayville, and on his return, loaded up his
household goods and with his family made his appearance at the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> homestead and at once the whole
family commenced to set the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b>
household goods out of doors and theirs inside the house. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b> wife expostulated at these proceedings, but found it did
no good, so placing her two children in a safe place, started to inform her
husband, who was some ways from the house chopping. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> returned with his wife and found the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> in peaceful possession of his home and all his furniture
piled up out of doors. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b>
at once informed Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> that
they had legal title to the property, that his article had expired and they had
taken an article on it and were in peaceful possession, and that there was
nothing left for him to do but pack up his goods and get away as soon as
possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> informed them that he did not propose to be robbed of his
improvements in that way without making some effort to resent it, and at once
came over to the village and reported the matter to his brother-in-law Captain <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>, who returned with him. During <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour’s</b> absence the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> had prepared for a conflict by
cutting and trimming several good size clubs, and placing them where they would
be convenient to get in case they were required. After <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> had returned with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b>,
they did not stop long to argue the question, but commenced to throw <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson’s</b> things out doors and place
theirs back in the house. This did not last long until the clubs were brought
into requisition and the fracas commenced. It was said that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Andrews</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> had two or three of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> on the floor at a time, but the women portion took a hand
and used the clubs as though they were accustomed to the business.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It resulted in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> keeping possession of the
property, but a suit was begun by both parties and ended in each party
obtaining a judgment against the other of $100.00. From this affair, that
locality received the name of “Bloody Point,” which it retained many years. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> had the sympathy of the entire
community, but it was decided he had an [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
legal redress excepting for his household goods being roughly handled in being
put out of doors. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnsons</b> got a
farm, on which had been large improvements, on the same terms, price and
conditions as though there had never been a stick cut and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> lost every dollar eh [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
had paid and did not receive a cent for the improvements he had made which had
required many a long hard days work in chopping.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This is the second of a series of
articles dealing with local history, which will appear in the Silver Creek News
from time to time, prepared by the Silver Creek Historical Society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SCN 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Silver Creek News</i> 6 July
1916, Stories Of Early Days,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Silver
Creek Historical Society, Side Lights From Local History, From the Manuscripts
of the Late Major Grove L. Heaton, Written Between 1880 and 1885.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The first circus company that
paid a visit to Silver Creek came here in June 1833. It was under the
management of Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nichols</b> of the
far-famed <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nichols</b> Brothers. That was
a period before they combined menageries and circuses together and this was a
nothing more than a circus company without any animals or even the usual annex
or side show. They gave but one performance and that was in the evening.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This was the first opportunity
that many of the citizens of this village had ever had for witnessing a
performance of this character. The natives from the surrounding country,
together with a large sprinkling of the genuine native Americans from the
reservation, were on hand so that when their performance was ready to commence,
their tent was well filled. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was exceedingly amusing to
listen to the expressions of surprise and admiration that came from some of the
people from the interior as they witnessed the feats of the wonderful clown. I
remember hearing one woman make the inquiry of her liege lord and master as to
what the circus company would do for another clown when that one died. The
reply was that he did not know unless they sent to the old country for one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The wonderful act of the drunken
sailor who pushed his way into the ring and commenced a colloquy with the clown
and ring-master and insisted that he could ride as well as any of them was a
part of the performance. The ringmaster insisted that he could not and that he
must leave the ring, which he of course refused to do. Finally a couple of
chaps from back of Smiths Mills thought it was an outrage to have a drunken
sailor, just off one of the schooners in the harbor, interfere and they jumped
into the ring and volunteered to throw the fellow over the top wall of the tent
if he did not behave himself and let the performance go on. The clown thanked
them for their kind offer but told them he guessed he could manage the chap
without having any great disturbance, that it would be better to let him try to
have a ride even if he fell off or was thrown off and nearly broke his neck
than get up a row and have a great muss as the clown said he was afraid there
would be for he saw quite a number of other sailors in the crowd.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The two chaps finally returned
and took their places in the audience and the clown consented the sailor should
have a ride. The sailor then made two or three attempts to get on the horse,
but he was so drunk—apparently—that each time he would go clear over the horse.
After several attempts he became seated and away the horse went. He had not
gone more than twice around the ring before the fellow was on his feet and
commenced to strip off his clothing. After divesting himself of three or four
coats, a half a dozen vests and pulling a feather pillow from the front of his
pants and got down to his regular costume, one woman who was extremely modest,
thought the man was about to become nude and nearly fainted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The most amusing part of it was
to see the two chaps who offered their services to put the drunken sailor out
of the ring. They would have sold themselves for half a dollar. They were heard
to remark afterwards that they were never before so much taken in their lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This is the third of a series of
articles dealing with local history which will appear in the Silver Creek News
from time to time, prepared by the Silver Creek Historical Society. If the
older residents will co-operate in furnishing information concerning the days
gone by, and the younger residents assist in taking down such information, a
considerable addition can be made to our available ‘local history.’ It is each
ones<span style="color: red;"> </span>[<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]<span style="color: red;"> </span>duty to do his bit, a duty each one owes to both his
ancestors and his descendants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SCN 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Silver Creek News</i> 5 February 1925, Hanover History, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The burning of the Steamer George
Washington, An uncompleted manuscript by Major Heaton, written about 1880, This
forms number 39 of the series of historical articles which are appearing weekly
in the News, Furnished by Roscoe B. Martin, Forestville, N.Y.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On Saturday morning, the 30<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>
day of June, 1838, there occurred one of the most thrilling events the citizens
of our village were ever brought to witness. Between two and three o’clock on that
bright summer morning, a man went riding through the streets on horse-back at
the top of the animals’ speed, crying: “Fire! Fire! A steamboat is on Fire.”
The citizens were aroused and turned out, only stopping to throw whatever
clothing was convenient, over them, and in throngs repaired to the lake at the
foot of Jackson street. There they could plainly see a steamboat on fire in one
solid mass of flame from stem to stern. She was not more than three or four
miles from shore and about the same distance up the lake, about opposite of the
Chapin bay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">What was most painful, the lake
was dotted all around the burning boat with the heads of the luckless
passengers or crew, who had been aroused from their slumbers on the discovery
of their floating dwelling place being on fire. And as they were left to a
choice of being burned alive or drowning, they chose the latter. We could also
plainly hear their cries and appeals for help.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fortunately, the lake was as
smooth as a mirror. In the bright morning sun there was not a ripple to break
the appearance of an almost boundless mirror. Among those who first reached the
lake after the alarm was given was our citizen, Charles H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>, Esq., then quite a young man, full of ambition and energy. He,
with some other person to assist him, sprang into the first boat that was
available and pushed off to the rescue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As soon as the steamboat was
discovered to be on fire, she was headed for the shore, but had not proceeded
far in that direction before her machinery was stopped and very soon she became
motionless. The passengers and crew threw overboard chairs, stools, and
wrenched off doors or any article that would support a person in the water, to
help save life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A few miles ahead of the steamer
on fire, which proved to be a new boat, the George Washington, on her first
round trip, was the steamer North America. She was at once put about and came
to the assistance of those on the burning steamer. But before she could render
much assistance, the unfortunate people had reached the shore by the aid of
small boats or the chairs, stools, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Many of those who were saved were
fearfully burned, and lay here for several weeks before they were so far
recovered that they could return to their homes or resume their journey. After
the steamer had burned to near its water line, it was decided to hitch the
North America to it, and tow it alongside the dock at this village and scuttle
it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">For this purpose, the North
America backed up as near the burning steamer as it was safe to do so on
account of the intense heat, when Mr. Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> took a line in his boat from the North America and backed up to
the head of the rudder. Through this means they were able to make fast to the
burning hull and tow it ashore. It was brought alongside the west side of the
pier as close to the shore as possible, where it was scuttled and sunk. Many of
the citizens spent much time in obtaining relics from the burning mass.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was estimated that there were
some 50 lives lost by the burning of the Washington. There were twelve or
thirteen bodies picked up the same morning of the burning of the boat and on
the following day, Sunday, a funeral was held in the orchard of Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b>, near where the present residence
of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carrier</b> now is. The thirteen
dead bodies in plain pine coffins were placed in a row and services held over
them by the Reverend O. C. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beardsley</b>,
assisted by one or two other clergymen. The occasion was a very solemn and sad
one. Although the subjects were all strangers, the entire community turned out
to the funeral.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Many of the rescued remained in
this neighborhood for some days; some in the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>hope of finding the remains of lost friends, others hoping to find baggage
containing valuables they asserted were thrown into the lake.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Among the stories that were set
afloat was one that” . . . . Here Major <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heaton</b>
broke off with his story. Probably he intended telling something of the alleged
robbery of many of the bodies that came ashore. Or, perhaps, the then current
story about the grave in Glenwood Cemetery containing one of the victims. When
a near relative came to Silver Creek, as quickly as possible after the
accident, he had the body disinterred to make a positive identification. When
the coffin was reached, it was found that the victims<span style="color: red;"> </span>[<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] suspenders were protruding from
underneath the cover. This was not the case at the funeral and interment, when
everything was in proper order. It was plainly evident that the grave had been
opened, the body searched for valuables, and then hurridly [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] put back and reinterred, leaving
the suspenders sticking out from under the cover as mute evidence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the affair. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Everybody who remembers Charles
H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee’s</b> office, will recall the
stool he used at his big desk in the front window. Its top was covered with
sheepskin. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee</b> gave this stool
daily use for about 65 years, from the time of the fire until his death. On the
underside of the top was inscribed the date of the fire, the fact that it was
the Pilot’s stool on the Washington, and that it was presented to him by one of
the engineers of the boat named <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brock</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Who can tell the location of the
graves of these thirteen people? Time seems to have effaced this information,
but surely some of our older readers will remember hearing about it as it was
the kind of occurrence that would long be talked about. Perhaps it was in the
land now occupied by the S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howes</b>
Company’s lumber yards, at the junction of the two creeks; that is the best I
have been able to figure out and that is mostly a guess.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SCN 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Silver Creek News</i> 12 February 1925, Hanover History, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An unpublished manuscript of Major Heaton,
This is number 40 of a series of historical articles dealing with Silver Creek
and vicinity, furnished by Roscoe B. Martin, Forestville, N.Y.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On the 25<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> day of
June, 1825, there occurred in Buffalo an event which will ever be remembered by
those who witnessed it or who were living at the time and were old enough to
remember passing events. Three brothers by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayer</b> were hung on the day named, in Buffalo, all from the same
structure and dropped at the same time. The crime for which they were executed
was for the murder of a man by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Love</b>
in the early part of the winter previous. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Love</b> was an Englishman by birth; a batchelor [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>], and during the summer time for two or three years previous
had followed the lakes and at the close of navigation in the fall worked his
way out to the town of Boston, some eighteen miles from Buffalo, where the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayers</b> resided. The three brothers and
their father, we believe, resided near on farms; the two older sons had
families, the younger resided with his father. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Love</b> had made his home with one of the families during the winter,
for two or three winters, and he had loaned some of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayer</b> family money at different times, and also held notes against
some of the individuals in that vicinity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">On this occasion, he had come to
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayers</b> early in December and
not long afterwards he was missing and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayers</b>
gave out that he had gone west and that he had left some notes with one of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayer</b> brothers to collect and had also
left a horse and bridle with them. After a short time a suspicion was aroused
that all was not right and a search was made if our memory serves us correctly,
the body of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Love</b> was found in the
woods covered with brush. The father and his three sons were arrested for the
crime and we believe one of the sons eventually made a confession that saved
their aged father. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It appeared from the confession
that the three brothers had been butchering hogs at the house of one of the
older brothers and on that day they concocted the plan and soon after dark in
the evening while <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Love</b> sat by the
fire apparently sleeping, one of the brothers shot him through the head with a
rifle from the outside of the house, through a window. The three then conveyed
the body to the woods and hid it under the brush. As stated they were tried,
and to save their poor old father, one of them made a confession and on
conviction were sentenced to be executed on the day named. The event of the
execution of three brothers at the same time caused a great excitement all
through the state and at the same time caused a great excitement all through
the state [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] and at that time all
executions in the state were public. These circumstances had a tendency to draw
together a great concourse of people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At that period, there were no
steamboats coasting between Erie and Buffalo but a small schooner owned, we
believe, at Barcelona or Erie, advertised to take passengers from Barcelona
(which was the lake port for Westfield), Dunkirk and Silver Creek. It was
announced that the vessel would leave this place on the morning previous to the
execution, and expected to reach Buffalo that evening in time for all
passengers to find lodging places, as they had no accomodations [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]for sleeping passengers on board the
boat. It was also announced that all passengers must provide themselves with
rations as they would not be able to feed them on board the boat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As is oft the case at such times,
instead of the vessel leaving here at about 10 o’clock, a.m., it did not reach
here until near the middle of the afternoon. The only mode for their getting on
board the schooner was for the vessel to “come-to” in the bay and passengers
going on board in a small boat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">There were some twenty or
twenty-five persons that went in the party from this village. After they were
under way, the winds proved to be light and also from a contrary direction than
was desired; consequently they did not reach Buffalo until after the hanging
was over and those who went by that conveyance and were to great discomfiture
and trouble expecting to witness a human execution, were disappointed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">They remained in Buffalo until the
morning after the hanging, when the vessel with its passengers started for a
return. They were again annoyed by contrary winds, and the indications were for
a stormy windy night. The schooner was under Point Albino on the Canadian shore
for a harbor. Quite a number of passengers went on shore here and obtained
lodgings at a Canada farm house. They got under way again next morning, but the
Silver Creek party who took refuge in the farm house the night before found
that during their absence their commisary [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>]
stores had disappeared and they were left to fast for the remainder<span style="color: red;"> </span>of the trip. The schooner succeeded in making a point
opposite the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek, when the wind all died away again, and
left them there near night, motionless. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Several of the number insisted upon being put ashore there and obtained
conveyance from Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moore</b> and came
to their homes. In this party who came on shore we belive [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>] was Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rann</b>, wife
of Alfred F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rann</b> and one or two
other ladies who immediately repaired to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rann’s</b> inn and prepared a good healthy meal for their half famished
companions who they knew would soon follow them. By their manning a small boat
with several good strong men, with a line attached to the schooner, they
succeeded after three of four hours in warping or towing the schooner near
enough so her Silver Creek passengers could be landed at the foot of “Puddin’
Bank.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Thus ended the first and only expedition of Silver Creek people to
witness a public execution. It is exceedingly gratifying to know that not many
years after this affair that the idea of public executions of human beings
became so repugnant that by an act of the legislature they have since been
prohibited.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Among the party who went from Silver Creek in that expedition, there is
one still living among us who probably is the only person of all the number who
went from here that is still living. Although she did not witness the hanging,
and I presume that she does not in the least regret that she did not see it,
she well remembers all the circumstances connected with it, although at the
time she was a wife and a mother, and it occurred over 55 years ago. This lady
has resided nearly all this time here in the village of Silver Creek and since
that time she has seen hundreds upon hundreds that have come into the world
since then, grown up into manhood and womanhood and to fill the sphere allotted
to them by the Great Creator, and has seen them pass away and all things that
knew them once will know them no more forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-31317123450950885512014-02-04T10:31:00.001-08:002014-02-04T10:31:09.493-08:00
<br />
<h3 align="center" style="margin: 1em 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Charles R. Greene shoemaker’s ledger<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<br />
<h4 align="center" style="margin: 1.33em 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2011<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>In 2009, Colin Kourelis was renovating a house at <i>154 Middle
Road</i> in Dunkirk. A false wall was taken down and behind it was found a
small (3¾” x 6¼”) memorandum book with lined pages. The covers are gone and
many of the empty back pages have been chewed into by some nest-building
creature. A few of the pages have pencil or crayon scribbling, so the
supposition is that the little book was lying around in the attic, used briefly
by a small child and then dropped into the space behind the false wall on the
floor below.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>An inside flyleaf has a penciled inscription that can just be
made out:</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C. R. Greene<br />
Boots & Shoes<br />
No. 71 Main St.<br />
Fredonia<br />
N.Y.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>Number <i>71 Main Street</i> today would be <i>7 East Main
Street</i>, a store in what was called the American Block. In the 1870s (the
small booklet has entries from August 1872 through April 1873), the business at
<i>71 Main Street</i> was Frazine, Greene & Co., boots, shoes & rubber
goods. The proprietors were George N. Frazine, Charles R. Greene and Leverett
B. Greene.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>Charles (the C. R. Greene of the memorandum book) used the
booklet to make a kind of shorthand record of orders he received, whether or
not they were completed, and what was the charge for the work. The penciled
entries later had two parallel ink strokes marked through them, probably
indicating that his records had been entered into the store’s ledger of all
accounts, and, no doubt, more neatly written out for a permanent record.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>Charles R. Greene was born on 8 November 1848 to Roselle and
Eliza (Barker) Greene. Roselle Greene had come to Fredonia in 1832 to
apprentice with Leverett Barker, Fredonia’s very successful tanner, who had
married Desire, the daughter of Hezekiah and Sarah Barker (no relation) and
built the first brick house in the village in 1821, today’s Barker Historical
Museum. Roselle Greene became a partner of Leverett Barker’s, marrying his
daughter Eliza in November 1837. The family also had tanneries, mills, and
homes in Versailles NY.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>When Leverett Barker died in May 1848, Roselle Greene became the
head of the household, with Eliza responsible for Emeline Barker, 17; Julia
Barker, 14; and their own children, Leverett B. Greene, 8; Mary B. Greene, 6;
and Kate Greene, 3. Charles followed in November 1848. Roselle Greene died in
1859, leaving Leverett Barker Greene to take over his father’s role. Charles
attended the local school and was able to have five terms at the Fredonia
Academy from 1865 through 1867. He must then have apprenticed as a shoemaker,
so that he was able to become a partner in the Frazine, Greene & Co. shoe
store in April 1872. (G. N. Frazine was probably the money behind the business
rather than an active partner, since he had long been a successful hardware
merchant, established a coal yard and was involved with several other ventures
over the years.) Once established in the store, Charles Greene married Alice,
the daughter of Franklin and Ann Burritt, in October 1872.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>Unfortunately, Charles became ill. His ledger entries end on 11
April 1873 and he died on 9 November 1874 of “congestion of the brain,” age 26.
His young widow, Alice B. Greene, moved back in with her parents, the Franklin
Burritts, until 1 May 1879, when she was married to Frank Conn of Dunkirk,
manager of the Western Union Telegraph Office there. They lived on Fifth Street
at the corner of Eagle Street, about at <i>19 West 5th Street</i>, moving to
Brooklyn NY by 1887. Because the house where the ledger was found, <i>154
Middle Road</i>, was not built until the later 1920s, Charles Greene’s ledger
must have been preserved, perhaps by accident, elsewhere. It may have come to
Dunkirk with Alice Greene when she married Frank Conn and was left, then, at
their 5<sup>th</sup> Street home. There is no way of knowing how it migrated to
the Middle Road attic and behind the false wall.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="c1" style="margin: 10pt 0in 7.5pt;">
<b>The original small ledger has been donated to the Barker
Historical Museum through the generosity of Colin and Susan Kourelis, along
with a scanned version. That will allow researchers to examine the entries without
having to handle the fragile original. The ledger and the scan are accompanied
by a printed transcription of the ledger’s text along with an index to the
names which would be of particular interest to genealogists and local
historians.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<h3 align="center" style="margin: 1em 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<br />
<h3 align="center" style="margin: 1em 0in; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Ledger"></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ledger<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Aug 19 1872</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>N Palmer Geo
wife</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ Rubber</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Clara Whitney</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>23</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Miss Lydia Denton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O Simmons</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 (?) Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Warren Kellogg</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Shoes boy</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs David Griggs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs Potter</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Slips
[Slippers?]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>26</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Albert Tarbox</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Eliza Lester</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>To 1 Pr slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J (?) A Putnam</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boot</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>F C Crane</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>30</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Frank Wiley</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Watson Wood</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L.A.Barmore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sept 3</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Bot[tle]
Blacking</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H C Frisbee</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>4</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A Corwin (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pr Cartage (?) </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D Smith</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubber</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Henry Polfus</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 Pr shoe</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Thos Horton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>½ Doz “ Strings</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr rubbers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C M Ball</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 light glass
& setting</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sept 7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L B Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes
H[ired?] Girl</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C M Ball</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Box Blacking</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 “ Rubber</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 “ Slippers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Doz Strings</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Bot Benze (?)
[Benzene?] </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “
Dressing</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Light Glass
& Setting</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O Simmons</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Dust (?
Daut?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L F Harrison</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Box Blacking</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 pr Slip
Watson (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> Calvin
Hutchin[son?]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L A Barmore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Ex (?) chang e
chairs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Frank Oneal</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs W Ryman</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J (?) B Gardner</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Daut</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Amos
Harrison (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A S Roberts</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Per Mrs J
Hamilton (?) </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes H
G “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A S Roberts </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> “
“ “ H.G</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>per Mrs J Hamilton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cha(?) Bartram</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Carlton Wilcox</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pair Pls Gaiters</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cha(?) Bartram</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Carlton Wilcox</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pair Pls Gaiters</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ Childs “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A S Couch</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O Simmons</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub Daut</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hurb Tarr</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dian Beebe</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo Tate</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Jairus Porter</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>24</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Putnam Bros</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes firm
(?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W McKinstry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pr Shoes Lewis</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>25</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A H Barker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boot</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>26</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Alvaro Wilson</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 pr Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dr Moore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Doz strings</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>28</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wm? Cooper</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L S Riggs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wm Smith</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>30</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>P H Stevens</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots pr Mr ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Oct 2</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Erastus Waters</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bal on Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Henry Polfus</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="text-transform: uppercase;">A</span>llen (?) McEllwell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>EdWatson</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Putnam bros</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1Pr Boots John
Clary</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “ Rub a o
P</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Norm (?) Palmer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bal on Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs S Snow</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr shoes Paid</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Frank Munger</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 (?) Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Jack Baker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes cash
(?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J M Parker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L Stearns</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Ensign Ellis</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tom (?) Glinn</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>? Trade</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 pr Boots for
Brooks(?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>S G Bailey</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Daut</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W H Bettis</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr rub</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>E Hillard</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J C Parker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub Daut</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> S N Hatch</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>M Batcheldor</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo White</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Doz string</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stephen Reed</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots Fred
Tuttle</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O M Couch</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Step[h]en
Palmer Arkwright</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A Corwin</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>By Cartage</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W(?) M(?) Sloan</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J Gardner</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Ance Luce</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>David (?) Barker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>Hutchinson Paid
10/ for Shoes</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H R Barker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W ??
McElwood (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
Cr</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Ret[urned?]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>H C Frisbee</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>1 Par Shoes</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>James Sprague</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>1 Pr Boots</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Nov 4 1872</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs Daug</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A Palmer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots H. boy</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J B Gardner</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo Rood</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Slips Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo W Knott</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>N Palmer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Bot
wife</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo White</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C O Wilcox</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 Pr Rub</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L B Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 for
Feckler ???</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H ?? Terrell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Vincent Dunn</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Miss Smith</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>August Bouquin</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>John Fagan</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
Mrs W</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W McKinstry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “
Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “
Slips Doves (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>John Mullen</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>` Pr Shoes</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wm B Law</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Richard (?)
Cushing</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pete M
Hilton (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo White</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>E Baldrick</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rb Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
Cr</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>? 1¼ Cords
wood</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Green</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Abel (?) Badrich</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>For ? Mrs Towers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A S Roberts</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pat Fagan</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D Pritchard</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>23</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>E O Wilcox</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>John Fagan</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>By Cash</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Alex McElwell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stephen Palmer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots Son</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>25</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J N Rowe</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “
Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>28</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O Simpson (?)
Daug</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>29</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>M H Sacket</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sam Warren</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes boy</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B (?) D K Benjamin</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>30</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dr Chas Smith</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Nov
1 “ Daug</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>30
1
Shoes ??</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stephen
Reed 1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>James Irving</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots
boy (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dr Chas Smith</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs wf ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “ Daug</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Albert ????</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dec 2 1872</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Saml Cranston</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5 Rush Potatoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5 Rush P Cranston</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Allen Pierce</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pat McDonald</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dom Clark</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo Rood</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boot &
Insoles?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>By (?) Richard I
Mercer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Benj Skinner</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>4</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Henry Pemberton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>By 1 Pr Shoes Ret</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wm Plank</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub B [Rubber
Boots?]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Richard Edmons</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tim Canty</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W G Till</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs sf (sp?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “
Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo H. White</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Rubs avenue</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>E H Thatcher</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hurb Tarr</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boot &
Insoles</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L B Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Let g d? H Tarr</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Jack Sage</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr R Boots &
Insoles</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Norman
Renolds (?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wood C R G </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>To the above</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>S S Crissy</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub A </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs MRs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Henry Davis</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “ Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>Henry Davis</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>James ? H. Lake?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Mrs ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L A Barmore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Heels putting
on</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Corrington Barker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bal on Goods</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W
McKinstry Rec</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>To order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sam Williams</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Button Hook</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H G Wilber</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O Simmons</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> 2 Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D Morris</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Robt Housdell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hurb Davis</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Alec Mc Ellwell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C M Ball</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A H Barker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>??? Swan</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs
Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W McKinstry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs per
order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>?? Manton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Morgan L Rice</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Bootsfor Geo
Rice</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Patrick McDonald</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>24</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A O Putnam</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Anne Bartram</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L T Parker</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W McKinstry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Mrs
Sr ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
string</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Order 24/ -- Bal
15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Chas Pringle</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>27</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Joseph Gardner</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>28</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D K Benjamin</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>30</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Nelson A Mansfield</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Robt Hasedell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>1 Pr Boots</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>2 Slips</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Jan 2 1873</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>JAirus Porter</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>To Chg ? E D
Howard</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>4</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Chas Davey</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boot
Mrs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C M Ball</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L A Barmore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub daug</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H S Morton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>John Dickinson</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes <s>Mrs</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>6 C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cr K R Palmer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
Arkwright</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stephen Palmer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stephen Reed</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr felt Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Cash</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>To Trade</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Russell Beckwith</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>? ? Nobles</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes avenue</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wm G Fell ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W A Adams</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Anson Reed</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hanson Roberts</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>P H
Stevens & Co</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs little
Frank</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O Simmons</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 ?? Mak 1 Pr
Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D S
Stratman ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C O Wilcox</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>August Burquin</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo Havens</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>25 C O Wilcox</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes Daut ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>? L Barmore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
Boot</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A O Putnam</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>27</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>??? Tuffts ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>28</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Thos Prushaw</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubbers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>30</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W W Odell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Feb 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>R H Wolfers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots artur</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D A White</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Feb 3</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
Sheridan</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>James Morris</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots boy</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>T L Higgins</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H L Taylor</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes ent?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Robt Wilson</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>4</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dr Moore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J C Orton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Henry Pemberton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes baby</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>John Wheeler</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>[In margin:
Returned]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Clara Whitney</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L M Cole</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>John Bissell</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>To Trade ? D
B </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A Colburn</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Miss Smith</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>[In margin:
Returned]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Chas Pringle</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo Bickers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>D R Barker</s></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Alex McEllwel</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Chas Cooper</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>G M Tremaine</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs Dut ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L C Tiffany</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mr. Wm Biggs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs Dut ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H L Higgins</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots
H[ired?] Man</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Bot Blacking</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>26</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W McKinstry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs Daut</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>James H Lake</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes orral
wife</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1
“ “ Miss</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Warren Kellogg</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 [changed to] 3
Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Lycom Stevens</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub Boots pay
in week</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>27</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C M Ball</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>P F Mace</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 “
Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>28</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr per
clute ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H G Wilber ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr
Rub son</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mar 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs Gates</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr boots
son [marked over] Ret[urned?]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Insoles</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D K Benjamin</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> Cr</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>By Cash</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>23</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>?? Harrison</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 strings</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O Simmons</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs Daut?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>F G? Stevens</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubbers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wm Moore</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Edward Grover</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 [marked over] 1
Pr Shoe</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs
McPherson [In left margin marked Ret]</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 Pr Doll Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>E.H
Ramsdell son</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rub Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
“ Insoles</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Chas S Thatcher</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr
Shoes Son</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Abner ? Mattoon</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>3 7/8 wood CRG</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wood A
Mattoon</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W WWright</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots
Henry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Duane Beebe</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr
Boots son</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo W Lewis</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Childs shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>
“ 8/-- Mrs ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>L B Greene(?)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Goods</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Geo.H.White</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>____? Beebe</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>?????</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hanson Roberts</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mar 12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C M Ball</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tm 1 Pr Boots
order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> “ leash</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>G Harrison</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>E R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cash</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> 1 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tim Canty</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes baby</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>B W Cotton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A Corwin</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>By Cartage</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>Chas</s>/Geo
Harrison</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W.McKinstry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Per order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>A? Colburn</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>? Williams</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J B Gardner</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Chas Horton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Watson Woods</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>24</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>? Summerkhol?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H B Stevens</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Amos Harrison?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs srvant?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Marcus Carroll</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>25</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H Miner</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>27</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Jo Zahm</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs Sans?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>O C DeWitt</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>28</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Lu Huntley</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stephen Palmer</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots son</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>29</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Risley Roberts</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C Butler</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes Ret</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bal on ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>29 (cont.)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W? F Harrison</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes Rogers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>John Peters</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boots</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>S S Crissey</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>?? Denton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Slips</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>April 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>James? B Sprague</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs D??t</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Clara Whitney</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Thod? Wolfers</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H Henline</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes baby</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs
Storey Grand?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pair shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Preston?
Moore ???</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>2 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C Mullett</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>C R Greene</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>? to Cash</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wood &
Mc?Knott</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>4</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H ? Pemberton</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes per
order</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Isac? Dr Swift</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Boot</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> “</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>H A Taylor</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>W
McKinstry & son</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>?
Cotton ?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>??</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D A Clark</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>J C Frisbee</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>John Lathrup</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>D. H. Stevens</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Shoes baby</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>E Eley</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>1 Pr Rubs daut</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<h3 align="center" style="margin: 1em 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<br />
<h3 align="center" style="margin: 1em 0in; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="index"></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;">Index of Family Names<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Adams, 14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Badrich, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bailey, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Baker, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Baldrick, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Ball, 2, 12, 13,
17, 19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Barker, 4, 7, 11,
12, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Barmore, 2, 3, 11,
13, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bartram, 3, 4, 13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Batcheldor, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Beckwith, 14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Beebe, 4, 19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Benjamin, 9, 13,
18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bettis, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bickers, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Biggs, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bissell, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Bouquin, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Brooks, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Burquin, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Butler, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Canty, 10, 19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Carroll, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Clark, 10, 22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Clary, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Colburn, 16, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cole, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cooper, 5, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Corwin, 2, 6, 19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cotton, 2, 6, 7,
14, 17, 19, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Couch, 4, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Crane, 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cranston, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Crissey, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Crissy, 11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Cushing, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Davey, 13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Davis, 11, 12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Denton, 1, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>DeWitt, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dickinson, 14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Dunn, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Edmons, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Eley, 22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Ellis, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Fagan, 8, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Feckler, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Fell, 14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Frisbee, 2, 7, 22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Gardner, 3, 7, 13,
20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Gates, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Glinn, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Green, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Greene, 1, 2, 6,
8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Griggs, 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Grover, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hamilton, 3</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Harrison, 3, 18,
19, 20, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hasedell, 13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hatch, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Havens, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Henline, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Higgins, 15, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hillard, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hilton, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Horton, 2, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Housdell, 12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Howard, 13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Huntley, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Hutchin[son?], 3</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>Hutchinson</s>,
7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Irving, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Kellogg, 1, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Knott, 7, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Lake, 11, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Lathrup, 22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Law, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Lester, 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Lewis, 4, 19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Luce, 7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mace, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mansfield, 13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Manton, 12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mattoon, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>McDonald, 10, 12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>McEllwel, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>McEllwell, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>McElwell, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>McElwood, 7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>McKinstry, 4, 8,
11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>McPherson, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mercer, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Miner, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Moore, 5, 16, 18,
21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Morris, 12, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Morton, 14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><s>Mullen</s>, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mullett, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Munger, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Nobles, 14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Odell, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Oneal, 3</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Orton, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Palmer, 1, 5, 6,
7, 9, 14, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Parker, 5, 6, 13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pemberton, 10, 16,
21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Peters, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pierce, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Plank, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Polfus, 2, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Porter, 4, 13</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Potter, 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pringle, 13, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pritchard, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Prushaw, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Putnam, 1, 4, 5,
13, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Ramsdell, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Reed, 6, 10, 14</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Renolds, 11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Rice, 12</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Riggs, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Roberts, 3, 9, 14,
19, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Rogers, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Rood, 7, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Rowe, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Ryman, 3</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sacket, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sage, 11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Simmons, 1, 3, 4,
12, 15, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Simpson, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Skinner, 10</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sloan, 7</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Smith, 2, 5, 8,
10, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Snow, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sprague, 7, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stearns, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stevens, 5, 14, 17,
18, 20, 22</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Storey, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Stratman, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Summerkhol, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Swift, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tarbox, 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tarr, 4, 11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tate, 4</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Taylor, 16, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Terrell, 8</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Thatcher, 11, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tiffany, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Till, 11</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Towers, 9</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tremaine, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tuffts, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Tuttle, 6</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Warren, 1, 9, 17</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Waters, 5</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Watson, 2, 3, 5,
20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wheeler, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>White, 6, 8, 11,
15, 19</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Whitney, 1, 16, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wilber, 12, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wilcox, 4, 9, 15</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wiley, 1</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Williams, 12, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wilson, 4, 16</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wolfers, 15, 21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wood, 2, 11, 18,
21</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Woods, 20</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Wright, 18</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoIndex1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Zahm, 20</b> <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-70676735198984208812014-02-04T10:27:00.001-08:002014-02-04T10:27:54.506-08:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hathaway</b> family<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Douglas
H. Shepard, 2014<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hathaway</b>
was born in Massachusetts n 1823, parents unknown. On 23 April 1848 he married
Lydia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Silverthorn</b> in Ashtabula OH.
The 1850 Census finds them in Conneaut OH where Charles was teaching school.
Their household included their son, Collins L, 1 year old, Charles’ brother
Albert, 19, a printer, and maid Emily <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodard</b>,
16. By 1860 they were living in Westfield NY where Charles, 37, taught school.
The family included Lydia, 35; Collins, 11; and the twins, Adel and Ida, 4,
born in Pennsylvania.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i>
of 5 November 1862 reported that Charles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hathaway</b>
of Westfield was one of two “conductors” of the Chautauqua County Teacher’s
Institute at Panama NY in October. In July 1863 he registered for the draft.
They were still living in Westfield in 1870 although Collins, now 21, was
clerking in a bank in Horseheads NY and living in the family of banker Schuyler
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Runnels</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Charles’ brother Albert, who was also living in Westfield,
died in 1873 and Charles was appointed guardian of the minor children, Carrie
A., and William A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hathaway</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By 1880 Charles, Lydia and daughter Ida M. were living in
Horseheads. Albert’s son William A. was also living with them. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Silverthorn</b> online family record notes
that both Lydia and Charles died in Horseheads NY, although no dates or
cemetery locations are given.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">An album with photos of the twins and their relatives was
donated to the Barker Museum. Most of the photos in the album were
unidentified. The images appear to have been taken in the 1860s and 1870s. A
list of them follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Small
boy – The Douglass Gallery, 230 Main Street, Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young man – J. T. Upson
& Co., Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Small
boy – Powelson, Photographer, 58 State Street, Rochester and 302 Main Street,
Buffalo<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Baby or Toddler – C. B. Melendy, Photographer,
Cedar Falls, Iowa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #7030a0; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young woman – W.
Knowlton’s, Photograph Gallery, W. P. Chase, Operator, 13 & 15 Lake Street,
Elmira, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young man –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>identified as P. J. Ward, Horseheads, NY (handwritten on back)<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #7030a0; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">7.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Middle-aged man – W.
Knowlton’s, Photograph Gallery, W. P. Chase, Operator, 13 & 15 Lake Street,
Elmira, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">8.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Baby or Toddler – C. W. Boepple, Photographer,
2011 South Peach Street, Between 20 and 21 Streets, Erie, PA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">9.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Baby – no photographer or name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #a5a5a5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent3;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="color: #a5a5a5; mso-themecolor: accent3;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young boy identified as Perle,
5-1/2 yrs. – F. Sheets, Photographer, No. 43 Main Street, Wellsville, Ohio<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #a5a5a5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent3;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">11.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #a5a5a5; mso-themecolor: accent3;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young boy – F. Sheets,
Photographer, Main Street, Wellsville, Ohio<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">12.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Middle-aged woman –
Upson & Simson, 356 Main Street, Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">13.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young girl – no ID or photographer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">14.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young girl – J. T.
Upson, Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">15.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young girl – Powelson & Co., Opera House
Gallery, Detroit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">16.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Baby<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>identified as Mary (handwritten on back)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #ffc000; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">17.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #ffc000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Elderly woman – W.
W. Hawk, Photographer, Excelsior Rooms, Conneaut, OH<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #ffc000; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">18.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #ffc000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Middle-aged man – W.
W. Hawk’s Photographic Gallery, Conneaut, O.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">19.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Middle-aged man – The Douglass
Gallery, 230 Main Street, Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Middle-aged woman – Powelson,
Photographer, 58 State Street, Rochester and 302 Main Street, Buffalo<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #a5a5a5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent3;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">21.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="color: #a5a5a5; mso-themecolor: accent3;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young boy – identified as Carlton
and Carl, 3 yrs. – F. Sheets, Photographer, No. 43 Main Street, Wellsville,
Ohio<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">22.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #92d050;">Y<u>o</u></span><u><span style="color: #a5a5a5; mso-themecolor: accent3;">ung or middle-aged woman -- Mrs.
H. – F. Sheets, Photographer, No. 43 Main Street, Wellsville, Ohio</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">23.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young woman – identified (handwritten on
back) Ida M. Hathaway, Horseheads, NY (Hoover, Photo), Class ‘76<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">24.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young woman – identified (handwritten on
back) Addie J. Hathaway, Horseheads, NY (Hoover Photo), Class 76<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">25.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Middle-aged man – L. B. Melven (photographer),
Westfield, NY<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">26.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: red;">Young or middle-aged
woman – J. T. Upson (photographer), Buffalo, NY</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">27.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unidentified house –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">28.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Elderly man – J. T.
Upson (photographer), Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">29.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Elderly woman – Abbott & Tinsley, 150 State
Street, Chicago<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">30.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5b9bd5; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Middle-aged man – C. A. Douglass
& Co., (Late Powelson’s) 230 Main Street, Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">31.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young or middle-aged man
--<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>J. T. Upson, Buffalo, NY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">32.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young boy – J. P. Vail, Palmyra, NY<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">33.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: red;">Middle-aged man –</span>
<span style="color: red;">J. T. Upson, Buffalo, NY</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">34.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Young or middle-aged man – Charles D. Fredricks
& Co., “Spécialité,” 587 Broadway, NY<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-88096206204704721072013-09-12T16:11:00.001-07:002013-09-12T16:11:21.606-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freeman's</b> Pictures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By
Douglas H. Shepard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Darwin R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> Historical Museum has an extensive collection of photographs
covering from the 1840s to the present. The collection was featured in the
Museum's "Photographers of Fredonia" exhibit in the early 21<sup>st</sup>
century, and it includes local scenes, individuals, and groups. In the last
category are a set of seven group photos of young boys and girls in what are
probably classes used for practice teachers at the Fredonia Normal School. Someone
has labeled the photos, "Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freeman's</b>
pictures of classes 1883-1890," and for each has provided a typed
identification key for most of the pupils.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freeman</b> was Andrew Y. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freeman</b>,
who joined the Fredonia Normal School faculty in the Fall of 1880. It is not
clear if he was the photographer — he is in the first photo of 1883 — or just
arranged to have the photos taken. Whoever provided the identifications, also
assigned dates — some of them conjectural —<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>for each photo. They are I=1883, II=1884, III=1885, IV=1886, V=1887, VI=
1888, VII=1889. The names are given below in alphabetical order and the group
photo number is added. The names are given exactly as in the original,
including names in parentheses. A few additional comments are in square
brackets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frank Davis (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Adams</b>) I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Hattie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Adams</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Daisy
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Annis</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Minnie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Annis</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Frank
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ball</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Louis
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ball</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Will
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Minnie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bartholomew</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Frances
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beckwith</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beckwith</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Violetta
(Lettie) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beckwith</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Charlie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benjamin</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cora
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benton</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Fred
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bickers</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Birta
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blackman</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lesley
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blackman</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">______
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blodgett</b> [Female] V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gertie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blood</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Belle
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Borojer</b> (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Boyea</b>?) V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lyda
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bor</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">yer</b> (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Boyea</b>?) V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Willie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brickley</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kate
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Briggs</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kate
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brown</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Margaret
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brown</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ned
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Buck</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lillian
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burke</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nettie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kate
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ward
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cadwill</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bird
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Camp</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sarah
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Canty</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lilla
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobb</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anna
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Colburn</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Harry
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Colburn</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ella
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cooper</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Charlie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Couch</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crouch</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Edith
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Curtis</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Marie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cushing</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mary
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dagenais</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Walter
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Daniel</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Frank
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Davis</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anna
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Delvin</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lila
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doolittle</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lulu
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Douglas</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Orton
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Douglas</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kate
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dunkley</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mammie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dunning</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nina
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durfre</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Eddie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Easton</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Minnie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Easton</b> III <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Will
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Edmonds</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Homer
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellis</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Grace
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ensign</b> (?) V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Eddie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foster</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Emily
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foster</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gnna<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foster</b>
IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">John
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foster</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mable
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foster</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gene
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fraser</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mr.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freeman</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ella
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gates</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jennie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Glenn</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Florence
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grant</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Arthur
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Guest</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Theodore
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hamilton</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Emma
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hart</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jan
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harti</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Katie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hendee</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Luttie
(?) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Higgins</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Charlie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hopkins</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lollie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Houser</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mary
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Houser</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Maud
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hughes</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(Anna?)
Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hull</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Frank
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Irwin</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alice
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kennedy</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ida
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kesner</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">James
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lake</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bob
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Landers</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Charlie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Landers</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Will
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lester</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Raymond
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lewis</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">John
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Luke</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Carrie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lynn</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Roy
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Marsh</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kittie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Parthina
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Martin</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Grace
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McClanathan</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kate
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McDonald</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Grace
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McKinstry</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Helen
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McPherson</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Herbert
(Bert) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miner</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">John
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mixer</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Frank
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moir</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">George
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgan</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mary
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgan</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morian</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Harry
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Newton</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">James
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Normand</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ernest
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Palmer</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nelson
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Palmer</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Waldo
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Parker</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Louis
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Paschke</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Flora
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pemberton</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mable
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pemberton</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ruth
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Perrin</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alvan
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Perry</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Plater</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Grace
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Porrel</b> (?) V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alice
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Putnam</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Charlotte
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Putnam</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Albert
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Richardson</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Matie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Robert</b> III, IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Theodore
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roberts</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rodenough</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Norman
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roose</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nettie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Slone</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alice
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Louise
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Louis
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Starr</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stevens</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ned
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stevens</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">_____
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Straight</b> [Male] III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lillian
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Straight</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Fannie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sweet</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Albert
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tambling</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dolly
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tambling</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Clinton
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tarbox</b> IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Flora
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tarr</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tarr</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Diane
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tate</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nora
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tate</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ira
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Terrill</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sarah
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Terrill</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Harry
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thayer</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Belle
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tiffany</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Fannie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Topliffe</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anna
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tremaine</b> II,V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Monti
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tyler</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jessie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VanLeuren</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Minnie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wallace</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nellie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Warren</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jennie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Weaver</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Charlie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Webster</b>( (?) VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anna
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wheelock</b> I <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Wm.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">White</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Carrie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wiggen</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Louise
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilcox</b> I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Katie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wiley</b> V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Belle
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilson</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jennie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilson</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mary
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilson</b> II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">_____
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woods</b> [Female] V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Blanche
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woods</b> VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Will
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woods</b> III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Harry
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zehnder</b> VI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-74710113171936964522013-09-12T16:10:00.005-07:002013-09-12T16:10:47.919-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Barker Historical Museum Building<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Leverett
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b>, no relation to Hezekiah,
came to Fredonia in 1809. He was a tanner by trade and built a small home and a
tannery behind it at 23 East Main Street. In 1811 he married one of Hezekiah’s
daughters, Desire <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b>. They had
eight children, one of whom was Darwin R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1821
Leverett built the first brick home in the village, a stone corbel is marked
“May<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1821.” No architect is known. The
house originally had stepped gables at front and rear, which were removed to
bring the building up to date in the 1850s. Inside, there were the entry hall
and stairs to the second floor. To the left of the hall were a small parlor and
behind it two rooms. Later additions were the east wing, a frame rear portion
and probably a kitchen/pantry area. Upstairs there were two rooms leading off
the hall at the head of the stairs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>An
apprentice to Leverett <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b>,
Rosell <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greene</b>, married the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barkers’</b> daughter Eliza. Although
Darwin <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> and Rosell <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greene</b> and their families also lived in
Versailles, NY, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barkers</b> and then
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greenes</b> lived in the home for
many years before and after their time in Versailles. In 1882, Darwin R. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> began the process of buying it
from the other heirs and then donating it for a Fredonia Library building. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Once
the Library was in its permanent home, a small Historical Collection began. It
was first housed in the downstairs parlor, then in the upstairs meeting room,
which had been made by taking out the partition walls from the earlier
bedrooms. The collection gradually grew, and when the new Library addition was
built in 1984, the Historical Museum expanded into the Leverett <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-50871039438358320432013-09-12T16:10:00.003-07:002013-09-12T16:10:30.319-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Family Medicine Chest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
Family Medicine Chest was a product of Frederick M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Southwick’s</b> Family Medicine Co. in the 1920s. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Southwick</b>, the son of Erastus and Samantha (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cole</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Southwick</b>, was
born near Van Buren Bay around 1853. On 25 March 1874 he married Laura <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodworth</b>. He first appears in Fredonia
records in the 1920 Census at 7 Free Street (Lambert Avenue) as a Manufacturer
of Medicine. The 1921 Directory describes it as the Fredonia Medicine Co. By
the 1923 Directory it is the Family Medicine Co. at the same location. The 1925
Census lists him as still at 7 Free Street, 72, a Salesman, but the 1925
Directory shows him to have left Fredonia. His wife died in 1926 and he died at
his daughter’s home in Lakewood OH in January 1928.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-85906966971147577032013-09-12T16:10:00.001-07:002013-09-12T16:10:07.860-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Fredonia Academy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Petitions
were circulated in 1821 for pledges to help put up an Academy building in
Fredonia. The Academy was a kind of early prep school. The construction was
begun in October 1821 and completed by 1823. It was a large framed building, 36
x 50 feet standing about where the rear portion of Village Hall is today. It
reached about 30 feet in height with a stairway/bell-tower at the front facing
the Common.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To help
with the financing, the second floor was sold to the Presbyterian Church and,
in April 1825, a room on the first floor was leased to School District No. 8.
Finally, a bill was passed in Albany to help with paying for a Preceptor (Principal).
The first floor interior was finished by Lathrop <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Drake</b> in March 1826 and in October 1826, Austin <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> arrived and organized the first
class of the Fredonia Academy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 1850 John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jones</b> was hired to enlarge the building. He was the local architect/builder
responsible for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">20 Central Avenue,</i>
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> mansions, the Baptist and
Episcopal church buildings, and his own home formerly at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">135 West Main</i> (now <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">403 East Main</i>).
The Academy building was doubled in size toward the Common with two square
corner towers at its front. (Barker Museum has some pictures of that version of
the building.) In 1867 the Fredonia Normal School was built and took over the
Academy’s function. The Academy building was then used as a multi-purpose
Village Hall including offices, meeting rooms and the Fire Dept.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-31141778977758346792013-09-05T15:28:00.004-07:002013-09-05T15:28:59.360-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Who Was Martha <b>Aldrich</b>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Douglas H. <b>Shepard</b>, 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
In July 2010, the D. R. <b>Barker</b> Historical Museum received a generous
gift from Mary B. <b>Sippel</b>. It was a ‘Friendships Album’ kept by Miss
Martha <b>Aldrich</b>. The album is a sumptuously bound volume of blank pages
on which friends and relatives were supposed to write expressions of love and
caring. Martha kept the album up, beginning in 1865 and extending into 1889.
Luckily the large majority of entries are dated, so that even though people skipped
around through the volume, it is possible to put most of the entries into
chronological order. By doing that, we are able to learn where she was at a
particular date, what activities she was involved in and even what she may have
been thinking about issues of the day important to her.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Martha <b>Aldrich</b> was born on 26 April 1846 in Hamburg, NY, the second
daughter of Scott <b>Aldrich</b> and his second wife, Anna <b>Meal</b>.
Eventually she had some thirteen brothers and sisters and half-brothers and half-sisters.
In addition, Scotts’ third wife, Lydia A. <b>Snell</b>, added step-daughters
Rhetta, 19, and Lottie, 15, to the family at least for the <i>1860 Census</i>.
Lottie (Charlotte) was still in the <b>Aldrich</b> family for the <i>1865
Census</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Scott <b>Aldrich</b> moved his family to Fredonia in 1857. One of the
motivating factors may have been to allow son Nathan to attend the Fredonia
Academy which he did in 1859-1860. Martha followed him for two terms in 1864
and 1865. Her more significant membership in Fredonia was in what was then
known as the Methodist Episcopal Church. There is a list of members dated
1860-61 with the annotation that Mrs. Lydia A. <b>Aldrich</b> had joined by
letter on 26 September 1858 and that Martha <b>Aldrich</b>, who had been a
probationer, was baptized into full membership on 1 June 1862. Other records
note that she had “Removed by letter” on 7 April 1863 and returned by letter in
August. (When a member was to move, the pastor could grant a request to provide
a letter or certificate stating the individual was a member in good standing.
That letter then served to admit the individual to the Methodist church in the
new location.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Martha continued as an active member of the Methodist Church while she attended
the Fredonia Academy in 1864 and in 1865. It seems obvious that the album was a
gift as she was finishing up at the Academy. The earliest signers, on 23
February 1865, were E. S. <b>Wright</b> and Lucia E. <b>Wright</b>. He was the
Rev. Dr. Edwin S. <b>Wright</b>, pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Fredonia,
and he and Mrs. <b>Wright</b> were the parents of Martha’s young
schoolmate, Ormand <b>Wright</b>. Five days later she had H. T. <b>Fuller</b>,
Principal of the Academy, sign, and on 2 March it was Silas M. <b>Weaver</b>, a
fellow student (1861-1866) as well as a Math instructor in 1864 and 1865. In
the following September, she added Felicia A. <b>Low</b>, a member of her
church and W. D. <b>Archibold</b>, her neighbor on Central Avenue. In
October, a Helen <b>Eddy</b> of Hamburg, NY signed, perhaps a friend from the
family’s time in Hamburg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
The following March 1866 yielded Rachel <b>Wright</b> of Charlotte Center and
Ada M. <b>Aldrich</b> of Portland. Towards the end of 1866 three more
acquaintances, then nothing for five years. In March 1871 Laura <b>Tagg</b>,
wife of the then Methodist Minister in Fredonia signed at the Parsonage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Martha’s younger sister Maria had married Jasper A. <b>Aldrich</b>, a very
distant relation, on 11 February 1872. They were living in Edwardsburg, MI
where Martha visited them more than once. She had album entries from Guinevere
M. <b>Jackson</b> in Chicago in July 1873 and George S. <b>Hicks</b>, the
Methodist Minister in Edwardsburg on 8 April 1876. By December she had returned
home, adding C. Z. <b>Wilner</b> of Williamsville to her album. In August 1877
it was John W. <b>Armstrong</b> and A. B. <b>Armstrong</b>, and in November,
Elizabeth <b>Richardson</b>, all members of the Methodist Church in Fredonia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
By 1878, a pivotal year for her, Martha was teaching advanced class No.16 at
her church and very involved in some religious issues that had arisen in the
community. The local W.C.T.U. had invited a “gospel Temperance lecturer” named
O. D. <b>Bacon</b> to speak at a union meeting to be held in the Baptist
Church. <b>Bacon</b> was himself a reformed alcoholic who often provided lurid
descriptions of his own and others dissipation and ruin. He claimed to be, said
the Clerk of the Baptist Church A.Z. <b>Madison</b>, “under the immediate
control and guidance of the Lord Jesus Christ,” so that no matter what he said
it actually came directly from God. Although he shared the platform with the
pastors of the Fredonia Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches, “Few, if
any, in the audience, but what were shocked from the first, with the harsh
declamatory & denunciatory manner of the speaker.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<b>Bacon</b> continued here, on and off, for ten weeks, causing greater and
greater dissension in the community, with past officers of the W.C.T.U., the
local clergy, and many temperance advocates withdrawing their support. Most of
those who remained <b>Bacon’s</b> supporters were women, and one was Martha <b>Aldrich</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
The Clerk, A. Z. <b>Madison</b>, took notes of a 7 March 1878 meeting of the
Trustees of the Baptist Church including Chairman Alva <b>Colburn</b>. “The
Chairman stated the object of this meeting to consider the application of
women, represented by his sister Miss <b>Colburn</b> & Miss <b>Aldrich</b>,
to have the Baptist Church opened for lectures by Dr. O. D. <b>Bacon</b>.” The
Trustees moved that no action be taken then and on 13 March the Trustees of all
three churches declined to have <b>Bacon</b> meetings continue in their
buildings. Union Hall (at <i>9 East Main Street</i>) had to be hired for the
purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
On 7 June 1878, <b>Bacon</b> signed Martha’s album. He wrote in part “Miss
Martha ‘My Dear Sister’ A stranger to you but a few weeks ago. Now a sister led
by the same ‘Father.’” He signed it “Your Brother Dr. O. D. <b>Bacon</b>.” It
is not surprising then to find in the Record of the Members of the Fredonia
Methodist Church several notations next to her name. “Removed by Certificate
9-2-1878.” “Supposed to have joined the Free Methodists.” She was not alone in
rejecting the church that had rejected her champion. James and Lucy <b>Brooks</b>
“withdrew 5-18-1878 over <b>Baconism</b>,” Samuel <b>Bradley</b> “withdrawn
over Trustees shutting church agst Dr. <b>Bacon</b>,” Ella <b>Barrows</b>
“withdrew over <b>Baconism</b> 6-15-1878,” and Frinde <b>Babcock</b> “withdrew
over Baconism 7-8-1878.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Although there is no record of exactly when Martha joined the Free Methodists,
she must have been a member for a while before she was appointed to a committee
on 10 October 1879. In these early days for the denomination, which called
itself the “First Free Methodist Church of Dunkirk , N.Y.” the group included
adherents from Forestville and Fredonia. When they met in Forestville on 28
August 1880, Martha was elected a Steward. The minutes of the society mention a
meeting of the “Dunkirk and Fredonia charge” held in the church in Fredonia on
17 September 1881. That church building was a house at <i>27 Day Street</i>
owned by Melissa D. <b>Woodward</b>, a long-time member of the Dunkirk church.
On 11 May 1880, members of the Fredonia church met there and agreed to
incorporate, and one day later Melissa D. <b>Woodward</b> deeded the building
and lot to the Trustees of the Free Methodist Church of Fredonia for $475.00.
The deed stipulated that the building, or one built later, was to be used only
by the Free Methodist Church, and that pews should always be free of charge.
Added was the stipulation that must have seemed perfectly natural to her, but
is quite unexpected to the reader: that if the trustees did not live up
to these guidelines “the property in whole shall fall back to Miss Martha <b>Aldrich</b>
the party who furnished the purchase money or to her heirs or assigns.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
There is very little on the record about Martha <b>Aldrich</b> in the next few
years. Without question she continued her involvement with her church. There
are few entries in her album until a really significant one in March, 1889. It
is a rather inept poem called “Life Sculpture” by W. C. <b>Doane</b>, and John
Joseph <b>Kelly</b> either deliberately changed some of the wording, or, more
likely, he was writing from memory. This is his version:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<i>Chisel in hand stood the Sculptor boy,</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
With his marble block before him: -</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
And his face lit up with a Smile of joy</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
As an angel dream passed o’er him.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i> </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
He carved that dream on the yeilding [sic] Stone</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
With many a Sharp incision;</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
In heaven’s own light the Sculpter Shone</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>
</b><i>He had caught that angel vision.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i> </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
Sculptors of life are we, as we stand,</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
With our lives uncarved before us;</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
Waiting the hours when, at God’s command,</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
Out life dream passes O’er us.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>Let us carve
it then on the yielding[sic] Stone,</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
With many a Sharp incision: -</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
Its heavenly beauty Shall be our own –</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i>
Our lives that Angel vision.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Although we might fault the statement as poetry, Martha apparently did not. On
22 April 1891 she married him. John Joseph <b>Kelly</b> was born in Ireland in
October, 1852 and emigrated to the U.S. in 1880. A laconic sentence in the
“Genealogical Report on the Family of Scott <b>Aldrich</b>” states that “Joseph
<b>Kelly</b> studied to be a priest, but changed to become a Free Methodist
minister.” Nothing more seems to be known about his conversion, nor when it
took place. However, there is no question that it did. He is listed as a farmer
in the <i>1891 Directory</i> at 12 West Main Street, which is about at today’s <i>71
West Main Street.</i> The <i>1892 Census</i> has them still on West Main Street
with Joseph as a farmer. The next entry is in the <i>1900 Directory</i> for the
Rev. J. J. <b>Kelly</b> and his wife Martha on “East Main n[ea]r limits.” They
are also listed there in the <i>1900 Census</i> between the families of Sayles <b>Aldrich</b>
and Seth <b>Aldrich</b>. The census-taker identified <b>Kelly</b> as a “Baptist
Minister,” which we might appropriately call a clerical error. In the <i>1904
Directory</i> they are still located on East Main Street near the village
limits. The <i>1905 Census</i> lists the Sayles and Seth <b>Aldrich</b>
families on East Main Street, but by then the <b>Kellys</b> had gone. That may
be when they moved to Forestville. However, the Minutes of the Annual
Conferences of the Free Methodist Church of North America in its <i>1906
Conference Roll of Preachers</i> note J. J. <b>Kelly’s</b> “Year of admission
into full connection” as 1905, so their move from East Main Street might have
been connected to that event. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
The <b>Kellys</b> remained in Forestville until Martha’s death on 15 April
1909. Her funeral service was held at the Free Methodist Church she had been
instrumental in founding in Fredonia. As far as the records go, her husband
disappeared as mysteriously as he had arrived. Indeed, we could have said the
same kind of thing about Martha had we not had the gift of her Friendships Album.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-25637060702514056102013-09-05T15:28:00.001-07:002013-09-05T15:28:18.101-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Francis
H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By
Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young</b>, History of Chautauqua County, New York (1875), p.657 lists <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> as the Board of Supervisors'
Clerk in 1834.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Town of Pomfret
Assessment Roll for 1836 lists him (for the first time) as holding ½ acre
assessed at $275. (A note at the beginning says the roll was in the collector’s
hands in December 1836.) The house and lot were on Mechanic Street, today's
Forest Place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Censor</i> of 1 June 1836, 3:1, reported that FHR, Esq., of
Fredonia had been appointed a delegate to the State Convention. The issue of 2
May 1838 reported that he was a member of the Board of Excise of Pomfret
meeting at Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Peirce's</b> home on the
7th. The 25 July 1838 issue reported he had been admitted an Attorney at the
Supreme Court. Probably late in 1838, he acquired a two-acre lot, probably with
a house already on it, on Temple Street. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 2 January 1839, reported his late house and lot were for
sale, but the 1839 Assessment Roll (dated 21 August 1839) shows him still
holding both properties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>However, there is a deed of 10 June
1841 from Zena <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bliss</b> of Burlington
VT to Henry J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> of Rutland
which is for the property F.H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>
was occupying and paying taxes on in 1839. Henry J. (S.?) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> of Poultney, Rutland County, VT deeded it to Francis H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> on 24 August 1843 for the same
$1,000 he had paid <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bliss</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 20 November 1839 announced that Francis H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>, Esq., of Fredonia, would be an
Associate Editor of the paper. The editor, Ebenezer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Winchester</b>, was planning to issue <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Settler</i> for six months from April 1840. It was a political
advocacy paper supporting William Henry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harrison</b>
for President. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Winchester</b> gave up
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> in April 1841. There is a
16 June 1841 announcement that he was leaving his accounts with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>. In a subsequent issue, 21 July
1841, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> had an ad that as
"Attorney & Counselor at Law and Solicitor in Chancery" he would
"henceforth give his undivided attention to professional business."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1842, Benjamin F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greene</b> studied law with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> (Young, p.636). A retrospective
column in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 13 January
1892 referring to 1842 stated "F.H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>
had an office in the rear of the Post Office in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> House [roughly today's <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1
Park Place</i>], on Center street, where the late Judge B.F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greene</b> studied law." In an ad in
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 27 July 1842 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> added "Commissioner in
Bankruptcy" to his other functions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Young, p.649, states that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> was a Judge in 1843 and there
is a passing reference to him as "Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>" in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
of 18 November 1845. It was in an ad for L.S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Watkins</b>, portrait painter "at the residence of Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>" and at the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> House for a short time. The ad
ran into 1846.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> passed from Ebenezer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Winchester</b>
to Robert <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cunnington</b> in April 1841
and one year later from <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cunnington</b>
to [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Willard</b>]. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McKinstry</b> & Co [Levi L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pratt</b>].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 10 April 1844 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McKinstry</b> announced that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>
and Benjamin F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greene</b>, Esqs., would
have charge of the political department of the paper "as Editors till
after the Presidential election."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b>
is included in the 1845 New York State Census for Pomfret. His household
included three males, five females, one male subject to military duty and one
person entitled to vote. In October 1846 he was nominated to represent the 8th
District of New York (the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Censor</i>
6 October 1846). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young</b>, p.653, lists
him as a Senator from the 8th District. (He adds a description of what was
included in that district at various times.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Although the assessment rolls for
1847 through 1851 show <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles</b> still
owning his Temple Street house and lot, the 1850 Roll does add "M.S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodford</b>, Agent" next to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruggles'</b> name, and when he sold the
property to a John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>, the deed
of 1 August 1851 described him as "of Albany."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-6775168132082113712013-09-05T15:27:00.001-07:002013-09-05T15:27:53.557-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dr.
Dods Writes to the Censor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By
Douglas H. Shepard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Fredonia has been home to a number of
talented writers, including Grace <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Richmond</b>
and Jean <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Webster</b>. One writer
however, a poet, has been little noted, so we wanted to correct the record.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On 21 January 1920, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Censor</i> ran an editorial speaking to the matter of thrift.
It was part of a nation-wide program which divided the week into “Thrift in
Industry Day,” “Family Budget Day,” etc. Saturday 24 January, was to be “Pay
Your Bills Day” and it was pointed out that “The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">CENSOR</i> Office will be open for the convenience of those who have
thus far neglected to pay their <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">CENSOR</i>
SUBSCRIPTION for 1920 in advance.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That editorial nudge received an
unexpectedly poetic response, which was reported in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 28 January. Included with a check for a renewed
subscription was the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>If you would
feel happy and snappy and snug,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>Like the
dear little buggie that lived in a rug,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>Avoid
editorials written on thrift,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>For as soon
as you catch, of their meaning, the drift,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>You’ll awake
with a start to find it is true,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>That that
paragraph, pointed, is pointed at YOU!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The editor added that the poem was
written on stationery from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">66 East Main
St</i>reet. In other words, it came from Dr. Abraham Wilson <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dods</b> (of today’s <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dods</b> Hall fame) just another star in Fredonia’s galaxy of literary
talent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-65325770241308955252013-08-06T12:38:00.001-07:002013-08-06T12:38:32.587-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">An
Analysis of the Barker Museum’s Forest Hill Cemetery Association Reports<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">by Douglas Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Barker Historical Museum has at
least one copy each of the printed Annual Reports for 1873, 1878, 1888, 1893,
1900 and 1915. The dates suggest there may have been a deliberate five-year
interval between (assuming there was an 1883 issue) at least in the 19th
Century. A search of the Cemetery Board’s Minutes should make that clear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Each printed report contains a list of
the lot owners. The 1873 edition has a brief history, “origin of the
Association.” The reports of 1878 and 1888 simply repeat that history. The 1893
edition has a much longer “History of Forest Hill Cemetery,” written by the
President of the Association, Willard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McKinstry</b>,
which gives more detail about the origins of the Cemetery and the Association.
It was repeated in the 1900 and 1915 editions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The 1915 version adds a note that the
Trustees bought 10 and 4/100 acres from the Barker estate on 22 March 1911 and
58/100 acre on Newton St. from Mrs. Catherine M.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Fagan</b> on 7 November 1914. That increased the grounds from about 24
to some 34 acres. These two latter purchases gave the Cemetery more frontage on
Newton St. to the north and east. (The street to the east was then called
Glisan St.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The earlier history explains that soon
after the original nine acres were dedicated in 1855, Sections A and C were
laid out into family lots. (The grounds originally covered only what are now
called Sections A-H.) Section C lies immediately north of the office building
(later the site of the Chapel), and Section A is immediately north of that,
both running along the Lambert (then Free) St. side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The 1893 history adds the information
that in 1855 Lucius <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hurlbut</b> visited
other “modern” cemeteries, then plotted the ground and mapped Sections A, B and
C. “Most of the lots mapped were with curved lines adapted to the topography of
the ground.” (Another factor must have been the trend at the time toward
park-like burial grounds with meandering lanes and many trees.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The history goes on to explain that as
more lots were sold and finances improved, new sections were laid out. In
February 1870 the Association bought the old Fairgrounds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Walter
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Scott</b> surveyed it and made a map
showing the entire Cemetery. The history says the map shows the Cemetery
divided into 24 sections comprising 1,634 lots. That is not accurate. The map
actually shows the Cemetery divided into 21 sections comprising 1,788 lots, or
1,790 if Sections H and Q, very small unnumbered parcels, are included. There
are several oddities about the map. Section E actually extends into the bottom
half of what appears to be Section G. Where the numbering reaches the dividing
path, some lot numbers are omitted. The other oddity is that the lot numbers in
G begin with the number 2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In the list of Lot Owners in the 1873
volume only Sections A-G, K and 0 are in use.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">There
were maps glued to the inside back cover of each printed Report, although some
have since been detached. The same 1873 map was repeated for each of the
Reports through 1900, although the lists of Lot Owners in the editions of 1888,
1893 and 1900 include sections not shown on the 1873 map. In addition, although
the two gatehouses were built and functioning by 1896, the map in the 1900
edition still refers to the greenhouse and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sexton’s</b> residence/office which had been replaced.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In the 1893 list of Lot Owners, and
thereafter, there is a “Soldiers’ Section” given just after Section C. It is
described as lying south of C and running east. In his “history” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McKinstry</b> refers to the 112 Civil War
veterans buried in Forest Hill Cemetery as of 1893. However, none is buried in
the “Soldiers’ Section.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">After the purchase of the additional
acreage in 1911 and 1914, the new grounds were laid out, some of the old sections
were reconfigured and a new map was prepared by George E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Troupe</b> of Buffalo and the revised map was engraved by the
Matthews-Northrup Works of Buffalo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">However, the map still refers to the
greenhouse and the residence/office. One significant addition is names for the
various roads through the Cemetery. The section changes are complicated.
Because the Cemetery now reached to Newton St. on the east, a fence was run
along that side with another entrance about at the middle of the fence. It led
directly into what was now called Highland Ave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The unmarked oval above K and L was
replaced by Section J. Section M was expanded into a full circle and
renumbered. Above M, a small circle, GG, was inserted. Section T was
reconfigured into multiple lots and renumbered. A small part of T at the
northern end was made into FF. A large Section AA was established east of T, as
well as a new Section TT.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Above
Highland Ave. was put an L-shaped Section BB, west of that CC and DD. Above DD
and to its west was placed Section EE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">On the south, bordering Pioneer
Cemetery, Section S was further subdivided and renamed SS. A small triangular
section of S near Section 0 was kept with its original numbers, interrupted
where the rest of S had been changed. That left grave lots 1-12 and 71-91 in S.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The
Soldiers’ Section south of Section C remained in the list of Lot Owners, with
the same names as in 1893, although it is not shown on this 1915 map either. It
seems to refer to the blank, unnumbered section at the southwest end of Section
E. The Lot Owners listing for this section is the same in the 1893, 1900 and
1915 volumes. The entries and lot numbers are: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Baldwin</b>, William, 2; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brosch</b>,
Henry,4; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Emerson</b>, Elizabeth A., 8; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fairless</b>, Richard, 5; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holt</b>, John, 6; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harmer</b>, Harriet G., 9; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harrington</b>,
Thomas, 1; and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rogers</b>, Edward, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
This seems to indicate there were at least nine lots, all sold except number 7.
[Lot 7 was sold 24 March 1874.] [Lot 10 is in the roadway according to the Lot
book.]
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-55408966653017639012013-06-13T14:56:00.002-07:002013-06-13T14:56:18.825-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Harvey and Tom: Pioneer Feuds in Fredonia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;">By Douglas H. Shepard, May 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The earlier
accounts of our first settlers very properly emphasized their strength,
independence and hard work. After all, it was those qualities that helped them
survive through difficult times and establish the community we now take for
granted. However, in the process, other aspects of their characters and
personalities were ignored or omitted. Some records do still exist that can
help round out the pictures we have formed of those pioneers who came before
us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Those first
settlers may have been independent, but they also lived in a community with
“rules” of attitude and behavior that were intended to be observed. One of the
best examples is found in the mini-communities that were the local church
congregations. One of the earliest organized in Fredonia was the First
Presbyterian Church. Its December 1819 organization included electing nine
trustees to the local ruling body, the Session, one of whom was Harvey <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Session
met regularly, usually with the pastor as chairman. It routinely “examined”
(i.e. interviewed) newcomers seeking to join the church, and it also prepared
letters of dismissal for those moving on and hoping to be able to join a
Presbyterian church in their new location. One of the most difficult tasks the
Session was often faced with was acting as a kind of jury when charges of
misconduct were brought before them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>They had a
guide which, in effect, dictated the course of every inquiry into what was possibly
sinful or at least un-Christian behavior. That guide was based on the
instructions given by Jesus as reported in Matthew 18:15. “If another member of
the church sins against you.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first
step is to “go and point out the fault when the two of you are alone. If the
member listens to you, you have regained that one.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unstated, but clear, is the consequence that
no one else needs to know about it. However, “if you are not listened to, take
one or two others along with you, so that every word may be confirmed by the
evidence of two or three witnesses.” Again unstated, but clear, is the hope
that this visitation will have its effect and solve the problem. However, “if
the member refuses to listen to them [the other witnesses], tell it to the
church.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Here the
implication is that the “church” would hear the complaint and, acting as a
court or a jury, make a judgment. The passage goes on to say “and if the
offender refuses to listen even to the church, let such a one be to you as a
Gentile and a tax collector.” In modern terms, the offender will be cast out
from the church and shunned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are
more than enough examples to illustrate how this procedure worked in local
practice, and it is these example that also paint unexpectedly vivid pictures
of the real people who were our pioneers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On 16 June
1825 Fredonia’s Presbyterian Church Session met. Among the items on its agenda:
“In consequence of information laid before the Session, voted that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> be cited to appear before the
Session in one week from to day [sic] at 2 o’clock P.M. at this place to answer
certain charges alledged [sic] against him.” (Note the quasi-legal tone of the
language. We will see more of that.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Session met
on 23 June then adjourned to 28 June when the real action took place. The
charges involved trouble between <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>
and Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> was a cooper by trade. His
barrel-making shop was one of the first at the Cascade Hamlet in 1819. Dr.
Orris <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> was a recently licensed
physician, who settled in Fredonia in 1818 with his uncle, Eliakim <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>. They opened a drug store and Dr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> began his medical practice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The church
records are the clerk’s retelling of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth’s</b>
testimony. (Some modern punctuation has been added to clarify the account.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“He [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>] states that the little boy
living with Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> came into his
shop and that he, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>,
told this boy in reference to some difficulties existing between the children
of Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> and his [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth’s</b>] child which had also made
some impression upon the minds of the other members of the two families and led
to some unpleasant speeches — that from the oldest to the youngest of Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosbies</b> [sic] family were iniquitous
with the exception of Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>
himself. This boy then, it seems, went immediately home and told the family of
Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> had just said they were all
liars from the oldest to the youngest. Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>
then came to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworths</b> [sic] shop
in a great passion — abused Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>,
would not listen to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworths</b> [sic]
repeated requests to be calm, but continued shaking his fists in Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworths</b> [sic] face and calling him
hard names. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>, after
having required Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> to leave
his shop in vain, stooped down for the purpose of taking a hoop shaving and
whipping it around Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosbies</b> [sic]
legs until he should leave the shop, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>,
supposing him, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>, to be
getting a hoop pole for the purpose of beating him, Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> struck & kicked him [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>] & pushed him over in a very dangerous situation and
fell upon him and struck him again. [The hoops were made from green hickory or
white oak saplings, shaved to bend tightly around the barrel staves.] Which in
this situation Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> struck
Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> once, when he came to a
determination to strike him no more. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>
then released himself from Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>
— arose — and told Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> he,
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>, should not strike
him, the Dr., again and if the Dr. wished to strike him to strike on. Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> then became pacified and soon
settled the difficulty so that the two families are now living on terms of
friendship. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> during
this affair once or twice called Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>
a damned rascal or something to nearly the same amount.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Later the
clerk records the Session’s verdict that “Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> manifested an improper spirit in making to the boy the
statement he did — in making preparations to whip Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b> with the hoop shaving<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>—<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and above all in using profane
language.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There was an
odd follow-up to this tangled incident. Soon after, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> heard from someone that “Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>] was about
to bring a charge against him, Mr.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>,
founded on this difficulty. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>
thought as the difficulty was amicably adjusted between him and Dr.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>, and as Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> was not connected with the church, that he, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b>, was interfering where he had no
concern.” Apparently <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> and
some other men were working at “Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page’s</b>
house” — probably the home of William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page</b>,
the Presbyterian minister — when Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b>
showed up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b> first appeared in Fredonia
records in 1809. He had a small tannery about at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">117 West Main Street</i> and a shoe shop about at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">132 West Main Street</i> along with shoemaker Adam <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merrill</b>. By 1825 he was farming near the intersection of Seymour
Street and Webster Road. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>, a
strong Temperance man, had brought charges against Elias <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gilbert</b> that were judged by Session on 7 April 1825, so he was no
stranger to the group.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Session
record of 28 June 1825 describes the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>-<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> confrontation. “Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> asked Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> rather abruptly whether he, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b>, was going to bring the charge of
which we have been speaking against him, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>, before the session. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> replied he was. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>
called him, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b>, a little
dirty puppy. [At the time, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>
was 60; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b> was 22.] Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> then told Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> that he was a drunkard and a
thief and would any time forfeit his work for a dollar — and repeated the
charge —<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> told Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b>
to go out of the house and not hinder the workmen by his talk. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> refused to comply on the ground
that the house was not Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworths</b>
[sic]. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> insisted upon
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caples</b> [sic] leaving the house <span style="font-family: MingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">— </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;">as the house was then under his care —
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> continued to refuse — Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> told Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> not to continue his abusive language. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> did not desist. But called him
hard names. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> then
pushed Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> into the entry
where Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> took a board and
attempted to strike Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>.
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> told Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> not to strike and came near him,
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b>. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> then laid his hand upon Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworths</b> [sic] shoulder when Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> shoved Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b>
out of the front door and cuffed his ear for tearing Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworths</b> [sic] shirt.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>What did Session make of all this? “In
the affair with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> Session
think Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> manifested an
unchristian spirit — inasmuch as he should feel offended with Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caple</b> for designing to bring a charge
against him which Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>
should have brought himself.” Session added that with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>, as with Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crosby</b>,
non-church members, they will stand “before another tribunal.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Session may have left it to a higher
tribunal to deal with Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>,
but he, Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>, was not done.
On 1 September 1825 — only two months further on — the clerk noted that
“Whereas Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kaple</b> has circulated
reports respecting Mr. Harvey <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>
[long-time Deacon and member of Session] impeaching his veracity and his
character as a Christian and as these reports are believed by many and are
frequently made the subject of conversation by men out of the church to the
injury of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkees</b> [sic] reputation
and the reputation of the church — therefore voted that this case be attended
to upon the ground of public fame.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On 7 September a three-man committee
was appointed to meet with Deacon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>, and on 13 October the
committee was ready to report. “Your committee attended to the business of
their appointment and succeeded in bringing about a happy settlement between
the two families.” What follows is almost as tangled a tale as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>-<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> encounter. In outline, what had happened is that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b> told <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b> that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moore</b>
had told him (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>) that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b> had said he would have <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b> in jail within four weeks. The
problem was that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moore</b> had
immediately thereafter told <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>
that what he had just said wasn’t true. So it was true that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moore</b> had said it, but <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b> deliberately concealed the fact
that he knew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hadn’t</i> said it. The committee went on to
give its opinion “that Dea [Deacon] <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>
is censurable for saying to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>
that Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moore</b> told him that you
(Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kaple</b>) said you would have me
in jail in four weeks when at the same time he, Dea <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b> knew Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>
did not say any such thing.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>And then there was the pig. He, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b>, had a pig which was allowed to
run loose, much to the annoyance of certain parties. Deacon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee’s</b> son apparently decided to take
things into his own hands and shut the pig up in a hollow stump. “The inquiry
was then made of Deacon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>
whether he shut Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapples</b> [sic] pig
in the stump, and whether he suffered it to remain there after knowing of the
circumstance. Deacon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b> answers
that he did not shut the pig in the stump and that when he learned the pig was
there he ordered his son to release it though he thinks it would have been just
to have confined any pig that did as much mischief as this had done and whose
owner refused to confine it.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The upshot of all this was that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b> acknowledged his faults and
accepted the verdict of Session. In fact, long after the dust had settled, in
November 1832, Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapple</b> was
admitted into full membership in the Fredonia Presbyterian Church and found
himself sitting in apparent harmony in Session with his fellow Deacon, Harvey <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durkee</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For those readers with a need for
closure, in August 1831 charges were laid against Uriah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>,“first for the neglect of public & private worship.
2d Profanation of the Sabbath in going fishing. 3d Gambling at various times. 4</span><span style="font-size: small;"><sup>th</sup></span><span style="font-size: large;">
Profane swearing.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b> never
appeared to face the charges and on 23 January 1832 Session learned that he,
Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wentworth</b>, “had left the
country”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and was subsequently dismissed.
As to the other participant in these accounts, it, the pig, was never heard
from again.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-82045924660211787562013-06-13T14:55:00.003-07:002013-06-13T14:55:51.226-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mapping Early Dunkirk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of Chautaqua County</i> in 1875 (p.
304), Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young</b> describes the
early settlement of today’s Dunkirk and notes that he had the original account
“orally given to the writer by one of its early and most distinguished
citizens, as well as one of its principal business men,” no doubt referring to
Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>. That summary account explained
that in 1816 or 1817 a group of the earliest settlers “sold or assigned their
[Holland Land Company] contracts to Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jenkins</b>,
of Albany, as trustee for a company composed of Isaiah and John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Townsend</b>, DeWitt <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clinton</b>, and ____<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thorn</b>,
who bought 1,008 acres of land, a part of the present site of the village of
Dunkirk, and took a deed from the Holland Land Company. About 40 or 50 acres
they surveyed into village lots.” That survey of 40 to 50 acres seems to have
resulted in a map that no longer exists. Although the Dunkirk map of 1834 seems
to be the earliest extant, there is clear evidence that an earlier map or maps existed.
Further evidence can be found in the assessment rolls of the period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Because what is now the
City of Dunkirk was originally part of the Town of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pomfret until November 1859, the property
there was assessed along with all the others in the town. Although there were
minor variations, by and large each year’s assessment roll presented the
owner’s or occupier’s name in roughly alphabetical order, usually followed by
the property’s location, using the Holland Land Company’s Lot-Town-Range system.
The approximate acreage was given, as well as the assessed valuation and the
amount of tax to be paid. For example, beginning with the assessment roll for
1816, we find landholders in what is today’s Dunkirk listed along with all the
others in Pomfret, distinguished only by the number of the particular Holland
Land Company lot or lots that each landholder occupied. For the “Dunkirk” area,
that was Lots 17 and 18, 23 and 24, and part of 29. It is in the roll dated 23
June 1817 that we find the first reference to what the assessors called the
“Dunkirk Association.” That group, whose names Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> provided to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young</b>,
had land on Lot 29 (165 acres), 24 (300 acres), 18 (300 acres), and the North
part of 23 (90 acres). That made an (overestimated) total of 855 acres. The
“1008 acres” in Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith’s</b>
account probably represents the final total when the property was sold off
years later. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It should be noted that the
area directly touching the shore of Lake Erie at the bay has had various names.
According to Lewis H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgan</b> in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">League of the Ho-De-No-Sau-Nee or Iroquois</i>
(1901 Edition, Vol.II, pp.127-128) the Seneca called Dunkirk Ga-na-da-wa-o,
that is, running through the hemlocks, no doubt taken from the name of the
creek: Ga-na-da-wa-o Ga-hun-da, the river running through the hemlocks. As the
white settlers later said, Canadaway. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
October 1807 “Theron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strong</b> &
Co.” contracted for the west half of Lot 18 and all of Lot 19, which the 1810
assessment roll counted as 324 acres. On 23 April 1808 the road which years
later became part of Central Avenue, was surveyed beginning at what was then
known as “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strong’s</b> Bay on Lake
Erie.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strong</b> was there in 1810 but gone by 1811. Timothy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goulding</b>, who located near Point
Gratiot in 1808, persuaded his brother Luther and brother-in-law Solomon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chadwick</b> to settle near him. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chadwick</b> was one of those who sold to
the Dunkirk Land Co., referred to by the Pomfret assessors as the “Dunkirk
Association.” The fact that the “Dunkirk” term is used in the assessment roll dated
as of June 1817 indicates that whoever renamed <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chadwick’s</b> Bay did so well before the 1818 date usually given.
Although the village that was being formed was called Dunkirk, the general
area, as seen in entries in James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holly’s</b>
Day Book about 1820, was referred to as “the Bay,” or, later, “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Garnsey’s</b> Bay.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The previously mentioned
pattern of assessment roll entries for the Dunkirk Association appears in 1818
and 1819. In 1820 two “Village lots,” 1/5 acre each were added to make a total
of 906 2/5 acres. What that means is that they were not being located according
to the Holland Land Company system but by another locating system. That system
may have only been in the planning stages, because it is not until the 1822
assessment roll that the two lots are further described as “Village lots 18
& 19.” Later evidence suggests they were the two corner lots at Front
Street and Center Street (today’s Lake Shore Drive and Central Avenue). The
fact that the Town assessor could specify their locations in that way shows
that somebody has made a map of some kind, dividing the land into units which
have been assigned numbers. The assessors are here recognizing that a “Village”
is being formed and that its design and interior configuration are being
planned. (In 1824 through 1826, and again in 1831, the assessors used the term
“Dunkirk Company” in place of “Dunkirk Association.” The differing usage does
not seem to reflect any change in ownership or status.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The roll for the
following year, 1823, is even clearer. Interfiled with all the other Pomfret
landholders are six “Dunkirk” residents with street addresses: John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beggs</b> had lots 11 and 12 on Front
Street; John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bond</b> was at 7 Center
Street; Ellis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doty</b> had property on
Front Street, perhaps a wharf; William <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gifford</b>
had the same; William A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lynde</b> had 2
and 4 Center Street; and John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Langdon</b>
had 6 Center Street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Subsequent rolls show
additional locations. For example, in 1826 Benjamin <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b>, Non-resident, had number “15 Front Street” as well as the
“Lynd house Main street” which may have been the locals’ name for Center
Street. It was in that same year, 1826, that Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> and his partner, George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, opened a store in Dunkirk. The assessment roll for 1827
shows <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> with properties at 9
and 10 Front Street, 24 Front Street, and 1 Buffalo Street, the last apparently
his home site. However, his store partner, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>,
went him one better. For $10,000 he bought an entire undivided half interest in
the Dunkirk Land Company’s property, the “1008 acres” of 1817. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the next ten years,
from 1826, the area experienced a real estate boom. In 1832 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> had a three-mile long raceway dug
from Canadaway Creek, supplementing the supply from Crooked Brook, to a mill
pond and dam powering a grist mill to serve the growing community, and soon
after a saw mill.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Following, in 1833, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> pulled off a major coup. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young’s</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History</i> (p.304) summarizes the event very clearly. “In or about
1833, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> sold out his half
interest to men in the city of New York at a large advance above the cost; and,
for less than half of the sum received, he bought of the [Dunkirk Land] Company
the other half.” The man representing the New York City buyers was Russell H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b>, a prominent real estate developer
and broker in New York City who had recently been President of the New York
Stock Exchange. As part of the transfer a map was drawn to accompany the deed. There
is a copy of a map dated 1834 which shows the property in Dunkirk which was
part of the transaction. It was endorsed by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> and certified. “Know all men by these presents That I, Walter
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> of the town of Pomfret in the
County of Chautauque Do hereby declare this to be one of the copies of the Map
mentioned and referred to in a conveyance of even date herewith from myself
Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> and Minerva his wife of
the first part to Russell H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b>
of the second part of an undivided half part of certain lands in the said town
of Pomfret particularly described in the said conveyance. In Witness whereof I
have hereto set my hand and seal this sixth day of November in the year one
thousand eight hundred and thirty four.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>-<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> map records
the village plat as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> had
“inherited” it from the original developers. It would be immediately familiar
to any Dunkirk resident today: a rectangular grid made up of numbered streets
running east and west crossed by named streets running north to south. Because
it would be familiar, its oddities are not immediately apparent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The rectangular street grid
is plunked down immediately adjacent to the curving shoreline of the Bay.
Nowhere is there any concession to that U-shaped northern edge, nor of the then
significant Crooked Brook cutting across the village plat from the southeast to
the northwest. No streets following old Indian paths, no animal trails or
natural geographic contours. This was a village plan worked out, not on the
ground, but on someone’s work table.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are several other
oddities to be noted. Within its limits, the original designers strove for
symmetry. (The one exception was the large mill site, at the southwest corner
of their plat, which Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
later enlarged.) The village was designed with two halves more or less equal,
divided by a street they named “Center” or “Centre,” animal names in the east
part, bird names in the west. Underlining this desire for symmetry was the
setting aside of a large block — bounded by Buffalo (today’s Washington),
Fifth, Elk (today’s Park), and Sixth streets — for a “Parade” ground (today’s
Washington Park). West of Center Street was a mirror image block at Swan,
Fifth, Eagle and Sixth streets intended for a “Cemetery” (later the Academy
block and today’s Middle School).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This early plan had fewer
named streets than were later added. East of Center Street were only Buffalo,
Elk, Deer, and Lion. To its west were only Eagle, Swan, Dove and Robin. Today’s
narrower streets in between were not shown yet. That allowed for larger lots on
each street. Those lots were all assigned numbers, which will need some
clarification as well. For some reason, perhaps because they were seen as the
most desirable, the lots on the south side of Front Street at its eastern edge,
between Lion and Deer, were marked A, B, C, D, E, F. Those on the north side of
Front Street were G, H, I, J, K, L. The rest of the lots on Front Street were
given numbers beginning again on the south side at the west corner of Deer
Street with 1 through lot number 42 at the corner of Robin Street. That
sequence picked up again on the north side of Front Street, at the west side of
Deer Street, with lot 43 through lot number 84 at Robin Street. The lots on
north-south streets were treated more traditionally. Beginning at the north
end, odd-numbered lots 1-79 were on the east side of each street, even-numbered
lots 2-80 on the west side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There is another map,
almost identical to the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>-<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> one. That is the “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b> map” probably dating from 1836,
although it is most likely merely a reprint from an 1834 or 1835 original. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>David H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b> was a well-known, well-respected cartographer. His <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Atlas of New York State</i> of 1829 was very
highly regarded. In 1834 he issued a “new and elegant map of the State of
New-York. . . . It is intended to embellish the new map with correct plans of
the principal cities and villages in the state” according to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> of 12 March 1834. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In July 1896 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Grape Belt</i> had a “Souvenir Harbor
Issue” which noted that the original lighthouse was “marked on the original map
of Dunkirk made by David H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b>
some years before the Doughty map of 1838 was made. Upon this map, generally
known as the ‘<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> Map,’ the
latitude and longitude [of the lighthouse] are given. . . .” There seems to be
some confusion here. A map of the Dunkirk plat, made by Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> in 1828 to accompany a property
deed, was reputedly filed at Liber 544 Page 452, although the county clerk
finds no map with this deed. Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b>
was a well known surveyor and engineer. He was born in Chautauqua County,
probably in Harmony, and settled in Rochester in 1817. The “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> map” was copied for the
transfer of property between Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
and Russell H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> in 1834 as
well as by David H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The differences between
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b> map and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>-<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> map are small but interesting. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b> includes specific details about the sizes of the lots on the
various streets. Also a few lots are color-coded blue or red. Since there is no
legend with this map, we can only speculate what the colors mean and whether
they are original with the map-maker.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The only significant
difference is that the tail race from the sawmill site west of Swan and below
Sixth Street includes another mill building about at West Second and Mullett
streets. This probably was what Canon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chard</b>
was referring to when he wrote in his history of Dunkirk that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> “also built and operated a
saw-mill near Mullett Street.” It stands on the lot that the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burr</b> map labels “Mill Lot No. 2.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Through 1835 and 1836 the
Dunkirk settlement grew as the real estate boom continued. In 1836 the New York
City proprietors had a new map drawn to document the “terminus of the New York
and Erie Railroad” as the map legend reads. In fact the map claimed to be a
“Map of the Town of Dunkirk” although “Village” would be more accurate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>By this time many more
streets had been added to the plan, including some streets where the mill pond
had been. The only remnant was a flour mill on the west side of Robin Street
just below Third Street. There were also stark differences with its
predecessor. An entirely new numbering system was in place. It was a single
sequence assigning numbers to the street blocks, not the individual lots on a
street, beginning at the upper west side. Number 1 was assigned to the lot
north of West Sycamore Street and west of West Point Avenue. The sequence ended
at the upper east side in the 700s. There were also numbers for individual lot
line measurements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One of the added streets
was Water Street. It lay one block north of Front Street, with one “stub”
marked as West Water Street west of the Bay and another marked East Water
Street east of the Bay. Apparently the plan was to fill in the shallow
lakefront and run Water Street straight across. The map has dotted lines
showing the proposed location and the north end of each named street has a
small dock or pier extending north from its Water Street location. There is a
copy of the 1836 map in the Dunkirk Historical Society’s collection that was
saved from the fire of 1924 and seems to be identical, except it does not show
the proposed middle section of Water Street. It is not clear if this is an
earlier or a later version of the map. There are other, almost identical,
copies of this map in which East Water Street is named and West Water Street is
shown but not named. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Each of these maps is
known as the “Doughty” map. In order to record the expected terminus of the New
York & Erie Railroad at Dunkirk, surveyor Henry P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benton</b> was sent in 1836 to survey the village area again. Henry
Parker <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benton</b> was a well-known
surveyor and civil engineer living in Angelica NY. In 1819 he had been one of
the Deputy Surveyors of the Delaware and Kickapoo lands in Indiana and, in the
same year, of the Big Miami Reserve in Ohio. Although the 1836 map credits <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benton</b> with the surveying, he
apparently worked under the personal supervision of New York City surveyor
Edward <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doughty</b>, whose son Samuel S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doughty</b> proudly wrote in his biography
of his father, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Edward <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doughty</b>, His Life, Time and Friends </i>(p.25),
“When the Town of Dunkirk was selected as the western terminus of the Erie
Railroad, my father was employed to go there, and lay out the City, which it
was thought would grow to be a great business centre. He took with him a theodolite,
for which a large price was offered, and he sold it to the Engineers of the
Railroad Company. That instrument was the best I ever handled and the
comparisons made subsequently, were very unfavorable to other theodolites.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the Dunkirk field notes, the
proprietors, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Townsend</b> & Co., had the two
well-known New York City surveyors, Edward and Samuel S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doughty</b>, draw the definitive map that had been surveyed with that
very superior theodolite.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The map was certified by
Russell H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> as part of a deed
dated 13 March 1838. Earlier, on 7 January 1838, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> and the other “Proprietors” had met in New York City and
agreed to a plan for the sale of lots in the part of Dunkirk they owned. Walter
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> and E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lord</b> were appointed a committee to plan how the property was to be
divided in light of an earlier grant to the Erie R.R. Co. That grant gave one
fourth of the lands to the railroad company, provided the rails actually
reached Dunkirk within six years. The plan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lord</b> devised was for the other
three-fourths to be divided into shares for each proprietor, for which the 1836
map was intended to be the guide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is ironic that soon
after the 1836 map was drawn, the Village of Dunkirk was triumphantly declared
incorporated on 5 May 1837, at the same time that the bank panic and business
failures of 1837 caused the real estate market to collapse, almost closing down
Dunkirk in the process. It seems clear that the New York City investors, at
least, thought the railroad’s arrival would save them, otherwise the subsequent
deeding and the division into shares of 1838 would make no sense.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There was some
encouragement from the Federal Government. A map of the Dunkirk harbor was
drawn with the official title of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Map of
Dunkirk Harbor, showing the works erected by the United States and the plan of
those projected for its further improvement, together with the changes of
outline of shore caused by their erection up to Sep. 30<sup>th</sup> 1838.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This map, which focused
on the shoreline and the Bay, incorporated one drawn by a Lt. T. S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brown</b> in 1835. Actually these
“improvements” had begun in 1827 with the building of the first breakwaters to
improve harbor access. The harbor map does show a few of the streets closest to
the shore: part of Water Street and all of Front and Second streets, although
none is named. There are ten lots marked off at “East Water Street,” two at the
center point of the Bay, and three at “West Water Street.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other 1838 map is an interesting contrast
to the Federal Government’s version. That showed a few of the streets as they
were on the ground. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nevins</b> map
of 1838, on the other hand, showed what the developers then <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intended</i>. That included abandoning the full
Water Street but adding six piers to the waterfront. For the first time, lots
within the blocks were shown and numbered. In the matter of symmetry, the
square that had been for a cemetery was now a “Donation to endow an Academy” (today’s
Middle School block), balanced again by “Washington Square” (today’s Washington
Park) to the east. In addition, with the Village now incorporated, the block
between Eagle and Lark streets south of Fourth Street was set aside for the
Town Hall, and here too, to its west between Swan and Canary, was a Lot for a
“Public Ground” balanced to the east between Buffalo and Fawn by a matching
“Public Ground.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 67.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These were all
significant changes, no doubt, but looking closely at any one in this series of
early maps, many copies of which belong to private collectors, we can see where
it all started with a simple street grid, once mapped and now recovered from
the assessment rolls, beginning back in 1817.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-5722499562360520052013-06-13T14:55:00.001-07:002013-06-13T14:55:15.589-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Beginnings of the Fredonia Shakespeare Club<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, about 2008<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>My
original intention was to describe what Fredonia was like when your club was
begun and then talk a bit about how the club itself got started and who the
founders were. However, that turned out to be much too long a presentation, so
what I would like to do is start in the middle, with the founders themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Unfortunately,
the earliest records are missing. When your club had its Golden Anniversary in
October 1935, there was an account in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Fredonia Censor</i> describing the event and quoting “from research notes
gathered by Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bickers</b> and used by
her in her anniversary talk.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
1930s, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> had begun a series
of columns called “Histories of Fredonia Clubs.” The series began with an
account of the DAR by Ruth <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Steger</b>.
When the Shakespeare Club had its anniversary meeting, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor’s</i> account was made part of that series. Although Ruth <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Steger</b> wrote most of the columns, a few
were done by other people, and since the one for the Shakespeare Club is
unsigned, it’s difficult to know who actually wrote it, which means “can the
account be trusted”? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">My impression, for what
it’s worth, is that it can. This is how the article begins: “The Fredonia
Shakespeare Club yesterday afternoon celebrated the golden anniversary of its
founding with a birthday party held at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. C. D. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sessions</b> in Central Avenue [that was
Chauncey D. and Clara B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sessions</b> at
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">80 Central Avenue</i>] with its
president, Mrs. Hugo L. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wolfe</b>, as
hostess.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Miss
Alice J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bickers</b> of Liberty Street,
the speaker of the afternoon, reviewed the club’s 50 years of existence under
the title “Looking Backward.” There were some guests at that event including
two charter members from 1885: Mrs. George M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Newton</b> and Mrs. Herbert <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miner</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">After some opening remarks “Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bickers</b> then gave her historical talk….The club’s brilliant history
taken from research notes gathered by Miss Bickers and used by her in her
anniversary talk, is printed herewith as this week’s chapter.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The article goes on, “‘The
Fredonia Shakespeare Club was organized in 1885,’ says a typewritten note
attached to a file of programs. ‘The object of the organization is the study
and discussion of the writings of Shakespeare, together with the writing and
reading of papers by the members of the society, connected with and suggested
by this study.’” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In other words, when Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bickers</b> gave her talk in 1935, there
was this typewritten note in the files. It is no longer there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The file for the Shakespeare Club at the
Barker Museum is made up almost entirely of printed programs giving the names
of the officers and members that year and the topic or topics for that year.
One interesting point is the list of strict guidelines by which each assignment
is to be approached. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">There were two lists. The
first is headed: ANALYSIS FOR USE IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPERS ON THE VARIOUS
PLAYS. Which is followed by: “Chronological proofs, external and internal;
Outline of plot; on what does it turn?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Condition of text as to correctness. What of the title? Its rank as
compared with other plays of the same period? How long a time is comprised in
the action? Analyze the two central characters.” And so on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The second list is headed:
QUESTIONS BY THE WAY, FOR CONSTANT USE IN THE STUDY OF THE PLAYS, which begins
with, “Read one scene, then review, any member being called upon for
explanation. Point out and give full explanation of: All classical and
mythological allusions, All scriptural allusions and parallels, All figures of
speech,” etcetera.<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This gives you a taste of how
the Club was structured at the beginning. In the file there are also a few
printed menus for the annual banquet and a typed copy of the club’s more modern
constitution somewhat different than the earlier version. That early version is
in the oldest of the programs in the file, one for 1890-91. There is nothing
earlier than that, so that any record of the first five years of the club’s
existence is lacking. It is possible that having printed programs only began in
1890 except for one thing. The printed program has a typo on the first page.
That page lists the calendar of regular meetings followed by “Plays to be
Studied during 1889-’90,” which should read 1890-’91. That suggests the
Secretary set up the copy of the new program using the previous year’s as a
guide and inadvertently repeated the previous year’s date. So maybe there were
earlier programs. If so, they are no longer in the file, or perhaps never were.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The 1935 article explains
some of this. “Formation of the club is known to have been started in 1885 but
the organization was not completed and the club did not settle down to work
until 1886.” Then follows a list of the twenty original charter members: Mrs. S.
B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>, Pres., Mrs. M. T. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dana</b>, Vice Pres., Miss Clara A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lester</b>, Sec., Miss Nellie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>, Treas. And so on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bickers’</b>
talk continued pointing out that the emphasis was always on work and participation.
“Founded as a study club, the members originally were known as a class and the
assigned work as a lesson.” And that is particularly significant. I will come
back to it in a moment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">There is nothing more in
the 1935 article about the beginnings of the club. Luckily, however, there is
more information available, outside the Shakespeare Club’s file. By 1905, the
Club was listing “Honorary Members” in its programs, and one of the names in
the list was Miss Ella <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b>, to
whom we should pay some attention. Ella Caroline <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> was born in 1852, the daughter of Arioch and Sylvia (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b>. I found them first as a young couple in the 1850 Census in
Greenwich OH where he is identified as a “merchant.” By 1860 they are in North
Collins where he was farming, living in the household of Humphrey and Deborah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>, who were probably Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham’s</b> parents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Ella must have gone through
the usual local schooling, and in 1871 she entered Vassar, graduating in 1876.
In May 1875, while she was still at Vassar, Julia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howe</b> who had
founded the A.A.W., the Association for the Advancement of Women, in 1873,
visited and spoke on the topic “Is Polite Society Polite?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">After Ella <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> graduated from Vassar she
lectured and taught in her specialty, English Literature with an emphasis on
the Elizabethan Age. By the early 1880s the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Laphams</b> were living in Fredonia about where St. Joseph’s Church is
today on East Main Street [the former <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b>
house at today’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">145 East Main</i>], and
in October 1883 Ella became Secretary to the National AAW group at their
meeting in Baltimore where Julia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ward</b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howe</b> was once again made President. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">From the scanty evidence
including some remarks in her obituary, it looks as though Ella <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> may have become the sole
breadwinner, tending to her ailing parents. That included giving lectures for a
fee. In May 1884, Ella <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b>
announced through the Censor that she would be offering a course on “the Life
and Literature of the Elizabethan age” beginning in the early Autumn of 1884.
The topics were to be English homes and customs, the time and contemporaries of
Elizabeth, Sidney and Raleigh, Spenser, Hooker, The dawn of the drama,
Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben Johnson [sic] and Bacon. “It is her
intention to repeat the course at Lockport, Jamestown and other places in their
vicinity, where classes of twenty or more can be formed.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Unfortunately there was
some difficulty getting enough participants to sign up, so that the series was
put off until January 1885. In the meantime, Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> went to Baltimore in October 1884 to attend the Association
of which she was Secretary. In its issue of 17 December 1884 the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> noted that she hoped “to begin
her class in English literature early in January” and on the front page, in the
“Woman’s Work” column was a long section giving some details.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">“The subject of these lectures has been discussed by
the women generally, but no publication has as yet been made. A number of women
are going to embrace the opportunity of hearing these lectures, but not as many
as one would expect in a town of Fredonia’s population. Some have remarked that
the price was too high; perhaps so, but how easily this difficulty could be
overcome, if all the Women who are at all interested in literary work would
attend bringing one. Or for instance, if twenty-five from each church would
become interested, the entire course could be had for the nominal price of one
dollar.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The next notice was in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 7 January 1885 that “Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> will open her course of parlor
lectures at her house, on Tuesday, Jan.13th, at three P.M.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tickets for the course, $3.00, to be obtained
of Miss Nellie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>.” And here we
leave Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> for a few minutes
and turn our attention to the money lady, Miss Nellie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>. Helen M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>,
always referred to as Nellie, was born in 1859, the younger daughter of Merrill
H. and Almira <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>. He was a
physician who may not have been too successful. He had a practice in Silver
Creek by 1850, then in Charlotte where Nellie was born, then Buffalo by 1870. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Nellie must have had the
usual schooling as she grew up. In 1877 she entered the Fredonia Normal School,
graduating in 1880 in the Advanced English curriculum. At that time, the whole <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b> family moved to Fredonia, living
at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">66 West Main Street</i>. Nellie was
very active in the Fredonia Presbyterian Church. There is an item in March 1883
about a meeting of the Young People’s Association of the church, meeting at the
residence of Mrs. C. M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>, the
Fredonia Watch Company people, where Nellie was elected Vice President.
However, in September she took a position teaching in Oil City, coming home for
the holidays and attending Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard’s</b>
New Year’s reception. She remained here and took on the task of selling tickets
for the series of lectures Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b>
was to give at her East Main Street home. And the lectures finally were given.
On each Tuesday, for ten weeks beginning in mid-January of 1885, the women met.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">What happened next was
described years later by Nellie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>.
Ella <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> died in June 1917.
Nellie — by now she was Mrs. S. A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jennings</b>
living in Larchmont NY — wrote to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
expressing her sorrow at the news of Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham’s</b>
death. She then added “Well do I remember the day that I sat on the porch of
her home on east Main street talking over ‘clubs.’ I proposed to her that she
start a Shakespeare Club in Fredonia. She responded ‘I cannot do it, Helen, I
have too much to do now and beside, I am not well enough acquainted in the town
— but if you will organize the club I will do everything in my power to help,
excepting to take office.’ Being her intimate friend and knowing the literary
work that she had commenced, I acquiesced. And, yet, before leaving her, I
urged again. She at last said ‘if there is to be a Shakespeare Club in Fredonia
you will be obliged to organize it.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">“The next morning, after
our talk, I made out a list of charter members, and called on each in her home.
My first visit was at Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dana’s</b>.
She was so cordial in acceptance, that I was encouraged to proceed. Miss Carrie
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">White</b>, now Mrs. George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Newton</b>, was next who responded gladly
as did Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rolph</b> and Mrs. Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">“The first meeting was held
in our house on Main street. There, the constitution and by-laws were drawn up.
Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> guiding and giving
advice generously and heartily.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">“Intending a visit to
Chicago, I could not accept an office, and, while there, lost my membership by
breaking one of the rules, which I helped to formulate. The rule was to report
on the preparedness or unpreparedness two weeks before the reading of the paper
assigned. I was to have been the reader, and I am sorry to say, I did not
report.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">“The above was the
beginning of the Fredonia Shakespeare Club, which has flourished so many years
(since 1885) and, of which I am proud to be the founder. Your truly, Helen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jennings</b>.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">So there you have it. The
beginnings of your club by Nellie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>
under the guidance of Ellen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b>,
which explains a great deal. It explains why the membership was set at 20, the
required size for Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham’s</b>
talks and the ideal size for a seminar; why the group was originally referred
to as a class and the assigned work was called a lesson; why Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b>, never a member, was made an
Honorary Member; and why the group’s calendar was an academic one, beginning in
the fall. Just as with Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham’s</b>
lecture series, each member had to pay a fee (tuition) and, as a further
safeguard, visitors could be from outside but not Fredonia residents. There
would be no freeloading by those who might want to learn at no charge. And it
explains those guides to analyzing the plays, exactly what you would expect for
a class of beginners, except in this case, curiously enough, there would be no
teacher to guide you. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">You may remember that the 1935 article said that the
Club started in 1885 but it didn’t settle down to work until 1886. As
Huckleberry Finn said about Pilgrim’s Progress, that statement was interesting
but tough. It would be nice to narrow down just what “settle down to work” in
1886 meant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">It may be possible to do
that. The first mention of the Shakespeare Club in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> was a passing reference in the issue of 24
February 1886. However, there is an item in the issue of March 3rd reporting
that the Club had had its 6th meeting at Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greene’s</b> the previous Wednesday. “The object of this club is the
thorough study of Shakespeare and his plays. The requisite number, twenty, have
been chosen. The members hope to make the meetings a success. The President,
Mrs. Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>, is doing all she
can to make it a beneficial study.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">First I should explain that
the meeting at Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greene’s</b> meant
today’s Barker Historical Museum building which had only recently begun to
house the Barker Library. The Library was opened in February 1884, using the
“main room” and the “wing.” The rear rooms downstairs, all of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the upstairs rooms, and part of the cellar
remained the property of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greenes</b>
in residence for another three years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Since the Club met once a
week, counting back from the 6th meeting on 24 February means the first meeting
took place on 20 January 1886. That makes sense. Ella <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> gave her course of ten lectures from 13 January to 17 March
1885, inspiring her “treasurer,” Nellie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b>,
to suggest a Shakespeare Club be formed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Unfortunately, we don’t
know when Nellie made her suggestion. When she got together with Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dana</b>, Carrie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">White</b>, Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rolph</b> and
Mrs. Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> at her home on
Main street with Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> there
to guide them, a constitution and by-laws were worked out, surely not at one
sitting. After that, with the number 20 agreed on, there must have been many
discussions of whom to ask and reports on who was considering joining and who
refusing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">It looks as though the
summer intervened and then the holidays. Finally the preliminaries were
completed and on 20 January 1886 the Club had its first formal meeting. It is
not likely that there had been time to prepare papers to be read. Instead, as
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 17 March 1886 reported,
the Club invited Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b> to give
her course of lectures once again, this time under its auspices, at the Library
beginning on 23 March 1886. The last of the ten lectures, one on Bacon, took
place on 25 May and at that point, as the Constitution stipulated, there was to
be a summer recess.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
October 1886, the first of the regular annual cycles began, apparently what the
note meant by “settling down to work,” the first of an astounding, unbroken
sequence of meetings of your Club over the last 120-plus years. Although my
account here does seem to describe what had been thought to be lost, it is
still a thin, skeletal description at best of the real origins of your Club. So
in closing I will presume to go one step further and remind you that 2010 will
be the 125th anniversary of your founding. One, or several, or all of you could
take this skeleton I’ve offered you and flesh it out. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Why not write a real history
of your Club including full biographies of those twenty founding members, plus
Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lapham</b>. Vassar has a full file
on her and there are plenty of local sources that could be used for the other
women. There must be children, grandchildren and great grandchildren somewhere,
perhaps with memories, family stories, correspondence, photographs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">It would be a wonderful thing if you could finally put
into your file the true history that has been missing for so long. So that is
my assignment for you. After which I can only say, in the spirit of your
origins, this class is dismissed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-20220124454409720192013-06-13T14:52:00.001-07:002013-06-13T14:52:31.008-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">George A. French<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The anti-slavery activity of Dunkirk’s George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> was cited in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jamestown Morning Post</i> July 18, 1923 in
a story by Palmer K. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shankland</b>. George
A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, son of Asa and Jane <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, was born in Massachusetts in
August 1798. The family moved to Fredonia by 1810. The Pomfret census for that
year lists “A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>” in a family
of four: one male 10 to 15, one male 16 to 25, one male 26 to 44, and one
female 26 to 44. The other boy is probably the Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> who died on 1 March 1826, age 25. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Young’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History</i>
(p.471) notes that Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> was
the first blacksmith in the village with his home and shop on the corner of
today’s West Main and Chestnut streets across from Richard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams’</b> inn. Jane died on 14 January 1813, age 41, and Asa
promptly married Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spencer</b> on 28
March of that year. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Whether it was a motivating factor or not, after Jane
died in 1813, Asa gave up the West Hill location and moved to Sheridan. In 1814
he was in the east part of 61-6-11 (at Scott’s Creek?) and in 1815 he had 100
acres in the southwest part of 54-6-11. The size of his parcel suggests he was
farming, perhaps combining it with blacksmithing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Although their property was in Sheridan, Asa and Mary
continued as members of the Fredonia Congregational church, which changed to
Presbyterian in 1817, at which point church discipline caught up with him. In
October 1817 a pre-trial hearing was held by the Session to consider charges
against Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> for behavior and
acts during the previous summer and fall. Specifically, he was charged with “1<sup>st</sup>
an intemperate use of ardent spirits. 2<sup>nd</sup> an attempt to secure in a
clandestine manner a deed of a certain building lot in the Village of Fredonia
which was in the possession of James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mullett</b>,
Esq.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3<sup>rd</sup> Absenting himself
from publick worship on the Sabbath and at other seasons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Names of the witnesses<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Henry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Abel</b>,
Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>, Richard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, Mabel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How</b>, Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Abel</b>.” (It
is significant that at least two of the witnesses against him had been
neighbors, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, on the corner
of Chestnut Street, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>, just
off Main Street on Seymour Street.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In December Asa appeared before the group and made his
confession. However, in August 1818 he again was charged and again appeared,
confessing to intemperance and absence from Public Worship. In December 1818, when
the same charges were raised again but without <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French’s</b> answering to them, the Session voted to have him removed.
When nothing was heard from him by May 1819, the Session voted to notify the
Presbytery in Buffalo. Once their reply was received, the Session met on 21
September 1819 and voted to excommunicate him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At this point, George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> was 21 and his younger brother 18. One would predict that
with that kind of family background, their future looked less than promising.
For George, that was far from the case. The assessment rolls show Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> still in Sheridan with some 95
acres in 1819, reduced to 35 acres in 1820 when George is listed with the other
35 acres on Lot 54. By 1821 Asa’s name disappears from all records and George
has all 70 acres on Lot 54, which continues into 1826.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In addition to farming, George must have worked on or for
a merchant during this period since he had enough experience to be able to join
with young Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> in opening a
store in Sinclairville in 1824. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>,
then just 24, had been apprenticed to Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b> in Cazenovia in 1815 and proved so able that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b> bankrolled him when he opened a
store of his own in Fredonia in 1819, when Smith was all of 19 years old. (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> had purchased the store and
ashery of Joseph and Ralph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Plumb</b>,
who had gone bankrupt.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1825, the
Baptist minister Joy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Handy</b> joined
them as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Handy</b> & Co. (The “& Co.” was Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>.) That partnership was dissolved in 1828.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Although the Sinclairville store was robbed in 1825,
George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> must have done well
enough that on 23 May 1826 he and Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
announced their new partnership in a store in Dunkirk. The assessment roll for
1827 shows George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> with
properties listed as 9 & 10 Front Street (1/3 acre), 1 Buffalo Street (¼
acre), and 24 Front Street (1/16 acre). It seems to be the 1 Buffalo Street
(Washington Avenue) location that was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French’s</b>
Dunkirk home, noted only as “house” or “Dwelling” in the assessment rolls
through 1844. In 1850 it is referred to in parentheses as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pemberton</b> House. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>
was elected Town Supervisor in 1830 through 1833. On 14 November 1831 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French’s</b> wife, Sophia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>, died and on 25 December 1832 he
married Mrs. Sally (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hudson</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> of Dunkirk. She had been a founding
member of the Dunkirk Presbyterian Church in 1830. In 1834 he joined. In 1835
he was one of twelve leading citizens who organized the Dunkirk Academy, which
opened on 23 September with George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>
as one of the three Trustees. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The village of Dunkirk was incorporated in 1837 with
Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> as it first president.
However, the panic of 1837 devastated the village’s economy, with many
businesses forced into foreclosure. It was in May of 1837 that “George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> & Co.” announced themselves
as successors to “J. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beggs</b> &
Co.” which probably included the docks at the foot of Buffalo Street and Center
Street. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1838 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>
was elected to the NY State Assembly and again in 1840 and 1841. The assessment
rolls continue to show him as a prosperous property owner in addition to the
important local power he had become. That was his status in September 1851, when
he is recorded as receiving a telegraph message from Silas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shearman</b>, an active member of the Underground Railroad in Jamestown,
requesting urgent help in retrieving a re-captured refugee slave. The published
account of this incident referred to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>
as “a prominent and zealous Abolitionist.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shearman</b>
knew that “George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> would
arouse the friends of anti-slavery in the vicinity of Dunkirk and … would give
him every possible assistance.” If it were not for this one recorded episode,
we would have little record that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>
had been anything but a popular, successful local businessman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French’s</b>
second wife, Sally, had died on 8 March 1851 some months before the dramatic
incidents described. On 8 January 1852 he married Sarah A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stillman</b> of Wethersfield CT, possibly related to The Rev. Timothy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stillman</b> of the Dunkirk Presbyterian
Church. For some reason, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>
apparently sold his properties. His name disappears from the assessment rolls,
although he is still in Dunkirk at the time of the 1860 Census. He died in
Fredonia on 29 January 1865 and was buried in Forest Hill Cemetery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The record of George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French’s</b> children is not entirely clear, although there are records
for at least four. The 1850 Census, the first to list all family members’
names, shows a daughter, Ann, eight years old. The family is omitted from the
1855 Census for some reason and there is no later mention of Ann in any of the
public records.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i>
of 6 January 1841 reported that Delia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>
“daughter of George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>,”
married Silas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b> on 23 December
1840. Francis A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> married
Juliett <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spencer</b> on 11 September
1843, according to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i>
of 20 September 1843. According to his obituary in <i>The Fredonia Censor of 13
November 1895</i>, it was Francis who built and occupied the house at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">504 Central Avenue</i>. Walter S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> (1826-1894) is listed in the
Forest Hill Cemetery records as a son of Sophia (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>) and George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-28440844276521676962013-06-13T14:51:00.004-07:002013-06-13T14:51:37.546-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Aaron Kellogg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Aaron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b> and
his work in this region’s anti-slavery society were cited in Bates, Samuel P., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of Erie County</i>, Warner Beers and
Co., Chicago, Illinois, 1884. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b>
was born in Clinton NY on 8 October1799<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to Amos and Rachel (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Porter</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b>, the third of eight
children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His father died in 1806, but
the family seems to have remained in Clinton. Aaron was still there when he
married Eliza <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dodge</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaw</b> of Trenton NY on 12 February 1824.
There is an Aaron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b> in Ellery
NY in 1830, but that seems to be another man with a family of six, including
four daughters. Aaron and Eliza had three children of record: Warren (b.1825),
Sarah (1828), and Aaron William (1844). The 1840 Census finds the family in
North East PA, a family of five including one boy and two girls, perhaps one a
domestic. Aaron’s obituary reads in part that he was born in Clinton, Oneida
Co. and “came to Erie, Pa.,” suggesting he moved directly to Erie from Clinton.
There were a number of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kelloggs</b> in
North East at the time, which may explain the move.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nelson’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Biographical
Dictionary</i> lists Aaron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b>
as having a “general store,” although no specific date is given. Beginning in
1849 he was running the Franklin Paper Mill in North East, and he did so until
his tenure expired. Aaron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b>
was involved in Erie County politics fairly early. He was a founding member of
the local Antislavery Society and his name is listed in the Abolitionist party
slate in 1844, 1848, and 1852.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are
other <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kelloggs</b> there involved in the
anti-slavery movement, such as George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b>,
who ran on the Abolitionist ticket in 1842, and Quaker Josiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b>, whose home was a noted stop on
the Underground Railroad.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1854 Aaron and his son Warren bought the Red Castle
works, a woolen mill in Laona NY owned by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gorham</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fletcher</b>. A large wing was added
to the three-story building and a larger 17 foot overshot wheel was installed.
The new enterprise was called the Willow Dale Mills.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Aaron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b> died
on 28 January 1859 and the mill was continued with Warren <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b> in charge. In 1861 Willard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McKinstry</b> and his brother-in-law, A. P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Durlin</b>, leased it, probably to insure a supply of newsprint for
their <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Censor</i>. They had it
until 1865 when it was “sold to W. D. [Warren D.] <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kellogg</b> and P. B. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alexander</b>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eliza lived with her son Warren and his wife
Mary until her death in 1891.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-54721706153478598632013-06-13T14:51:00.002-07:002013-06-13T14:51:14.086-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Jacob
TenEyck<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By
Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>
was born on 8 December 1785 in Albany County NY to Hendrick and Margrietje (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Douw</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>, Jr., the youngest of their seven children. He was still in
Albany as of the 1810 Census, although the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History
of Chenango and Madison Counties</i> claims that he was “engaged in mercantile
business about 1804 or ‘05” in Cazenovia. Indeed the online resource, “Our
Country and its People: A Descriptive and Biographical Record of Madison
County, New York” (1899), reports that he “removed from Albany to Cazenovia
about the year 1807, when only twelve years of age [although in 1807 he was actually
22] and found employment in the pioneer store managed by Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Forman</b>. . . . In the year following his
arrival in Cazenovia he purchased the stately mansion, which was then
incomplete, built by Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Forman</b>,
which he finished and occupied, and which has ever since remained in the
family.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Another section of the Madison County history has a more
plausible scenario. Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>
moved to Cazenovia in 1797 (when he was twelve), worked in the store of Samuel
S. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Forman</b> “six or eight years”
(until he was 21), and then set up on his own until about 1830. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Forman</b> had come to Cazenovia in 1793 as
an employee of the Holland Land Company, started a general store, and continued
it on his own for many years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The store that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>
opened in 1804 or 1805 added the young clerk Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> in 1815. He was born in Wethersfield CT on 23 March 1800 and
apprenticed to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b> when he was
15. After some four years, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
apparently showed such promise that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>
offered to have <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> find a store
of his own in another community, with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>
bankrolling the venture to the extent of $10,000. What <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> found in 1819 was the store and ashery of Joseph and Ralph <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Plumb</b> in Fredonia. It became Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> & Co., which lasted for six
years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1824 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
joined with George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> to open
a store in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sinclairville. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1825 the firm expanded, adding Joy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Handy</b> to create <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Handy</b> & Co. That
may have been done in order to transfer the day-to-day operation of the
business to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Handy</b> while <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> expanded elsewhere. It was 1826 when <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> sold his Fredonia property, and with George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, moved to Dunkirk ,where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> bought a half-interest in the
holdings of the Dunkirk Land Co. and established the Buffalo & Erie Union
Line, a freight wagon service running to Warren PA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It was in 1830 that Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck’s</b> name reappears, the year when he is said to have
“retired” from business in Cazenovia. Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> sold him the Sinclairville property, three parcels in east
Sheridan, one in west Sheridan and one in Laona. In 1835 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b> added property in Stockton and in the same year, separately
from Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> and from George A.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b>, parcels in Shumla.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In February 1836 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>
sold the lots from Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b> and
George A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> to a J. H. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b> of Albany. From 1836 on, in
spite or because of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the bank panic of
1837, Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b> continued to
acquire property in Dunkirk from Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>
and from mortgage sales through 1841. It was in 1837, when the bank panic was
in full swing, that the real estate boom in Dunkirk collapsed, and that is when
Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b> of Cazenovia bought
what was called Lot 9 on Swan Street (according to the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnson</b> map) from J. & E. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kingsley</b>.
In 1838 he acquired Blocks 95 and 135, and Lots 34, 36, 38 and 40 on Swan
Street and Lots 33, 35, 37 and 39 on Canary Street from Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>. In 1839 he added the southwest
half of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Block 455 from Walter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smith</b>. Several of these parcels are in
the area later called Dutch Hill, and now called Academy Heights. 1841 saw the
last of his local involvement, when he bought at a Master in Chancery sale the
half interest in Lots 3, 5 and 7 Center Street (Central Avenue). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At that point he seems to have really retired. In 1853 he
was visiting Savannah GA with his wife and daughter Elizabeth when they
contracted yellow fever. His wife died on 3 May. He and his daughter followed
on 6 May 1853. Their son, Henry <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TenEyck</b>,
continued to live in Cazenovia until his own death in 1884.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-82620736677197055612013-06-13T14:50:00.001-07:002013-06-13T14:50:45.796-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Andrew Varney<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sketches in
the History of the Underground Railroad</i>, Eber <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit</b> four times refers to a mysterious “Friend Andrew,” an
important U.G.R.R. agent, apparently a Quaker. There are a few other clues in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit’s</b> account as to “friend
Andrew’s” age and location. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">On
p.14 of the 1999 annotated edition Friend Andrew has arrived at Black Rock by
carriage, carrying “Dan,” a runaway slave. Andrew is wearing a hat with “a
broad brim,” and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit</b> refers to
him as an “old man.” That was in January 1858.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On p.17 we follow a refugee’s route from Warren PA,
Jamestown, Ellington and Leon to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit’s</b>
station in Versailles. The fugitive, Tom <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stowe</b>,
immediately left <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit’s</b> place,
forded the river (Cattaraugus Creek) “and going through the dark woods (a
horrible road in those days) arrived before daylight at Friend Andrew’s
hospitable station….Another idle day was passed and the next morning Andrew put
him on a boat at Black Rock.” In other words, Friend Andrew lived close enough
to Black Rock to reach it quickly in the morning. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On p. 94 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pettit</b>
describes the refugees William and Margaret <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Holmes</b> leaving Fredonia at 3 p.m. in deep snow and cold
temperatures. They were brought to the Versailles station and then “found themselves
rising the east bank of the Cattaraugus Creek (the crossing was on the ice,
there being no bridge at that time), on the way to friend Andrew’s station.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">If
we put those clues together with some external evidence, we find that the most
likely candidate is Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b> of
the small settlement called Pontiac in Evans township in Erie County, New York.
Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b> was born in Berwick ME
on 27 March 1797 to Joshua and Anne <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b>.
He and his family were there in 1820 and in Porter, Oxford ME at the time of
the 1830 Census. By 1840 they were in Evans NY where they continued to live.
Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney’s</b> house can be seen in
the “Pontiac” section in the 1866 atlas of Erie County in the Maps Division of
the New York Public Library. He died there on 27 October 1868 and was buried in
the North Collins Quaker cemetery. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">There
was a Quaker census done in 1828 to record the names of members of the New York
yearly meetings of the Religious Society of Friends at the time of a schism
between “Hicksites” and “Orthodox” Quakers. Andrew <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney’s</b> involvement can be traced from his membership in the
Troy-Pittstown meeting of 1819. On 1 September 1824 he became a member of the
Starksborough monthly meeting and on 1 April 1825 he was married at the Hamburg
monthly meeting to Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stevens</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Their
son, Austin F. “James” Varney was born in Brant NY in 1828. He hosted Sojourner
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Truth</b> in his home in 1868. A
narrative of that visit was written by Phebe <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merritt</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b>. She was,
29, living with her parents, Isaac and Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b> in North Berwick ME in 1850. By 1860 she was living with
James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b>, listed as a “domestic,”
although she may already have been married to him. There was a “Mart [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merritt</b>] <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b>,” six years old in the family as well. The family is the
same in 1870, but the 1880 Census has James and “P. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b>” as well as Merritt, 26, and Pauline <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b>, 40. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
1866 Evans map shows Jas. A. F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b>
on Mileblock Road (Lot 12) with a lot assigned to M. F. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Varney</b> across the way. James’ father’s house is located in Pontiac
(Lot 14) designated on the map by “A.V.” Comparing deed descriptions with map
locations might verify the exact location of friend Andrew’s Underground
Railroad station.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-21160038981150314662013-04-25T14:40:00.001-07:002013-04-25T14:40:04.265-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Street Wise in Fredonia<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">(The history of Fredonia’s earliest streets, which
were named after pioneers such as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker,
Risley, Cushing, Berry, Seymour, Hart, Davis, Forbes, Newton, Glisan, Gillis,
Norton, Dunn, Howard, </b>and<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Leverett</b>)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">By Douglas Shepard / Barker Museum Newsletter (Vol. 3,
No. 1, 2005)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">In the 14 May<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1959</b> issue of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i></b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miss Elizabeth Crocker</b> discussed the
naming of Mechanic Street and touched on the later controversy over its
renaming, as well as that of Center Street. (The column was reprinted in Vol. I
of her pamphlet series, also titled <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Yesterdays</i></b>, on pp. 5-6. There were
minor typographical changes in the later version as well as two spelling
changes. Her original “impliments” was corrected to “implements,” and “latter”
was changed, in error, to “later.” This suggests that anyone consulting one of
her columns would want to check both versions. In this case, the substance of
the original stayed the same.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Although she does touch on
others in some of her columns, this was the only one devoted to one particular
street, although there are many interesting aspects to the stories of other
early streets in the Village.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">For the 21 years before the
Village was incorporated, the location surveying and upkeep of all roads,
paths, lanes and alleys were done by the Town of Pomfret. Unfortunately, in the
Town records only the official designation was used and that was always a brief
description of where a road started, or ended, or what it passed by, not its
name as it was commonly used at the time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">A good example is the survey
done by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Samuel Berry</b> on 16 April<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1822</b> of a road across or through
private property: “Survey of a private Road from the village of Fredonia on the
East side of the Creek down the same to a little below the House of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hezekiah Turner</b> on the west side of the
creek. This Road…[runs] to the Eastwardly end of the Bridge that crosseth the
Creek near <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr. H. Turners</b> thence…to
the public Road on the Westwardly side of the Creek.” The road’s measurements
begin “25 links North East of the North East corner of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Capt. C. Burritt’s</b> village lot.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">That northeast corner was the
intersection of the center line of Main Street with the new street being laid
out. The “Bridge that crosseth the Creek” near <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr. Turner’s</b> is what we now call the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley </b>Street bridge. The “public Road on the Westwardly side of
the Creek: is today’s Chestnut Street. The survey itself was of the Mechanic
Street<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Miss Crocker</b> wrote about:
today’s Forest Place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">It is impossible to imagine
that anyone intending to walk or ride along such a road used the cumbersome
surveyor’s formula of “the road that runs from….” Surely the locals had some
kind of shorthand, such as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner
Road</b> for Chestnut Street and, perhaps, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt’s
</b>Road or the Mechanic Road.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">There are some small bits of
evidence to that effect. In an advertisement of 2 July<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1827</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">J. Crane, Esq.</b> of
Fredonia and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">S. Russell, Esq.</b> of
Buffalo offered for sale a two-story house “corner of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cushing </b>and Main Streets.” That is, East Main Street.. and Eagle Street
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zattu Cushing</b> lived). Obviously, then, the surveyor might call it
“the road from Buffalo to Erie,” but the locals just said “the Main Street.” We
can imagine this was true of most if not all of the other streets in the
Village which finally were given their official names once the Village was
incorporated, and that was on 18 September<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
1830</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">There were eight streets all
within the new Village’s limits, which were very different from today’s. The
Village bounds were roughly rectangular, with the east end about at Newton Street,
the west end near Chestnut Street, with Main Street center line. The long sides
of the “rectangle: were each 80 rods or 20 chains (for the mathematically
challenged, 1320 feet) from the Main Street center line. That means the
Village’s northern limit on Temple Street, was just past Terrace Street, the
southern limit on Water<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Street just
past the Liberty Street intersection.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Within those confined bounds,
the eight streets were: Main, Hamlet, Mechanic, Temple, Eagle, Water, Factory
and Lake.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">We have seen that “Main” had
been in use for some years. “Hamlet” referred to the Cascade Hamlet on West
Main Street. The road had been roughly cut through by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joseph Skinner</b> to give easy access for “the citizens of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bull’s</b> Mills [Laona] to get to the mechanics
of the great center, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hamlet</i>.”
Therefore it would seem it made sense for the street to be named according to
the location it was designed to reach. However, the Cascade Hamlet was, by
September<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1830</b>, abandoned. It is
more likely that the road had been called “the Hamlet Road” for so long, the
name was maintained simply because of its familiarity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Mechanic,” the name given to
the street we call Forest Place, had been its nickname, according to an account
of its early history by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Franklin Burritt</b>
in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Censor</i> of 12 April<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1899</b>. In fact it is parts of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt’s</b> account that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miss Crocker</b> repeated in her <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1959</b> column on the subject. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt</b> explained that the Trustees
decided to make the nickname official, first, because there was a large foundry
and an accompanying blacksmith shop, both of which employed many “artisans and
craftsmen,” that is, mechanics. The second reason was that “two thirds of the
denizens of the street were mechanics.” He then listed a sampling of the names:
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harts</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A. Barnaby</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">T.G. Abell</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wm. Tappan</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cyrus Grannis</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">P. Crosby</b>,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">W. Stevens</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jesse</b> [i.e <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joseph</b>] <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Starr</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">When <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miss Crocker</b> repeated <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt’s</b>
account she reversed the order, giving the impression that the primary reason
for the street’s name was the people who lived there in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1830</b>. Probably her strong interest in local individuals and their
family histories caused her to see it that way, but <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt’s</b> sequence was the right one. For one thing, some of the
mechanics he lists as living on the street were not there in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1830</b>, when the name was agreed on. For
example, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barnaby</b> had died in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1829</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sennett</b> didn’t join the foundry operation until late in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1831</b>, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Starr</b> only arrived in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fredonia</b>
in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1840</b>, so the workers at the
foundry must be given the credit for making the Mechanic Street nickname
official.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The next name to be
considered is “Temple.” This could have referred to a family of that name
living on the road at the time, or to a religious building. There is only a
single record of such a personal name, a “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr.
Temple</b>” who was paid $50 for supplying a yoke of oxen in the building of
the Academy in October<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1821</b>.
However, it’s clear “Temple” meant “church,” although it not clear why the
latter name wasn’t chosen. There is good evidence that, after the Baptist
Church building was erected in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1823</b>,
the nickname, as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt</b> called it,
was, in fact, “Chapel Street.” An advertisement of May<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1841</b> for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">D.D. Franklin’s </b>Cabinet
and Chair Shop: -- the ad was still running in December<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1843</b> – describes the shop as on Chapel Street. It seems odd that
the most grandiose of the three possibilities was chosen, but at least it is
clear what the street name referred to.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The reason for the next name
is not so clear. What had been the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cushing
</b>Road for a long time <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-- It was
referred to that way as late as the 24 September<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1828</b> issue if the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor --</i>
suddenly became Eagle “Street.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">One reason for not continuing
with “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cushing</b>” is that most of
Fredonia’s pioneers, such as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hezekiah
Barker</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zattu Cushing</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elijah Risley</b>, were still alive. There
were not enough streets to honor all, so the decision was probably made to
avoid trouble by honoring none – for the time being. But why “Eagle”? Did it
refer, patriotically, to the American Eagle? If patriotism was the motivation,
Washington, Liberty, Union or Columbus seem to be more obvious choices. Perhaps
someone saw – or shot – a particularly fine eagle in the vicinity. We may never
know, but it has been Eagle Street ever since <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1830</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The next one, “Water Street,”
is straightforward. This was a little stub of a street giving easy access to
one bank of Canadaway Creek (The Water Street bridge was not built until <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1833</b>.) As a convenient watering place
for horses and oxen, it probably was called Water<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Street from the beginning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Near Water Street was the
next one, today’s <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Norton </b>Place, then
called “Factory Street.” This was a very early access road, leading from the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cushing </b>Road (Eagle Street) to a mill
on the bank of Canadaway Creek. It was probably not named Mill Street because,
in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1830</b>, the mill was on West Main
Street at the bridge. (In fact, although “Factory Street” was still its
official name according to the Village Trustees’ Minutes of 18 June<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1849</b>, by the time the 1851 map of
Fredonia appeared, it had indeed become Mill Street, which it remained until <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1919</b>.) The only real oddity about
Factory Street has to do with the language, not the street. “Factory” is a
short form of “Manufactory,” a word formed from Latin meaning hand-made. Why
that was used for a building containing machinery is probably to be explained
only by those who understand the difference between flammable and inflammable,
or ravel and unravel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">We have now arrived at the
last of our <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1830 </b>Village streets, Lake
Street. That referred to the few feet of today’s Central Avenue then lying
within the Village bounds. Technically the name should have gone to either
Chestnut Street (but in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1830</b> outside
the Village limits) or Temple Street, since those had always been main roads to
Lake Erie. What we call Central Avenue had been surveyed in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1808</b> from Dunkirk Harbor, at the time
known as Strong’s Bay, but it was not used as a through road until the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1850s</b> because parts of it were
virtually impassable. Apparently without any formal action, it was being called
Dunkirk Street by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1849</b> and by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1863</b>. When Dunkirk was agitating to
name its street “Central Avenue,” the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
editorialized that Fredonia should do the same. There is no record of when the
change was made official, but the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
used “Central Avenue,” in an article of 14 October<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1865</b> as though it were now the correct name. The Trustees must
have agreed because a Village survey of 28 May<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1866</b> of Newton Street, and all later references, from that time to
this, as the old tales say, call it Central Avenue as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Of course, that is not the
end of the story. The Village bounds were increased twice more, and streets
were altered, added and had their names changed, sometimes in odd wondrous ways.
Spinning off of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miss Crocker’s</b>
article entitled “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mechanic St. Named by
the</i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trustees</i>” originally published in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> and republished in her <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Yesterdays</i>,
our own historical research has concluded those eight streets were existent in
Fredonia in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1830</b>, but many more were
soon on the way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">We should understand that
these eight streets were not created by the Village but, in a sense, inherited.
Until the Village was incorporated, all the thoroughfares were Town of Pomfret
roads, and each one was designed to lead from one fixed point to another. The
act of incorporation defined the outline of the new Village and the parts of
the roads within those new boundaries became our streets. It was not until two
years later that the first street created just for the Village appeared.
Canadaway Street, laid out on November 15,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
1832</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The most significant fact
about the first street to be created by the Village was that it led nowhere;
there was as yet no Water Street bridge. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Isaac
Saxton</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alanson Buckingham</b>
had petitioned the Trustees to lay out the street through their property,
solely so that they could sell off building lots to prospective home owners. A
notable “first” in the history of the Village, but a practice that was to
become the norm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Three years later on May 18,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1835</b> the next street was recorded as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> Street. Since <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hezekiah Barker</b> had died on July 5,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1834</b>, it would seem this was the first
opportunity to honor one of Fredonia’s pioneers who was safely departed, unless
it was named for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Leverett Barker</b>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">It is worth pointing out here
that there is almost no record of the deliberations that must have gone into
choosing each street’s name. Except for an extended article such as the one by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt</b> or chance remarks in other
sources, we have no way of being sure what the namers had in mind. We are
forced to guess as with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker </b>Street.
On the same date as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker </b>Street, two
others were also added to the list, Nassau and Green. Green for a local family?
For local trees? Unfortunately, we don’t know.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">For Nassau Street we are told
the source. In the April 12,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1899</b>
article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> in which <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Franklin Burritt</b> objected to changing
Mechanic Street to Forest Place, he mentioned in passing, that Nassau Street
“had been suggested by the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risleys</b>
in honor of a great historical personage and a street in New York City.” Nassau
Street in lower Manhattan was named in honor of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maurice of Nassau, </b>Prince of Orange<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (1567-1625)</b> who first freed the Netherlands from Spanish rule.
However that does not explain why either a short New York City street or a
Dutch prince was something a short Fredonia street should honor. Our Nassau
Street only ran as far as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker </b>Street.
For that matter, why the English chose to change Pye-Woman Lane, its name at
least until <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1696</b>, to honor a Dutch
prince is equally mysterious. Nevertheless, they did and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risleys</b> did. Where Nassau Street was to
run had been an alleyway from Main Street giving access to the rear of a large,
wooden hotel – in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1835</b> it was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Abell’s </b>hotel – where the trash bins,
outhouses and horse stables were located. No wonder when Nassau Street was
opened, the local wags referred to it as Nasty Street. Unfortunately, there
were other unpleasant aspects to the street yet to come, but that we will get
to soon enough.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">In May<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1837</b>, the Village of Fredonia enlarged its bounds. The new
configuration was a square 1 ½ mile on each side with its center at the west
side of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker </b>Common. That meant
the eastern bounds along Main Street moved from today’s Newton Street out to Clinton
Street<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>and the north bounds from
Terrace Street to today’s Cottage Street. What that meant was more roads within
the Village jurisdiction. So by March<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
1839</b>, the Board<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>of Trustees were
ready to name the roads and paths it had recently acquired: Ridge (later <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>), Chautauque, Chesnut (it was
frequently spelled that way), Garden (the street from Mechanic to Temple, i.e.,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>), and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Berry</b> (where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Samuel Berry’s</b>
home stood).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">In <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1846 </b>Ridge Street changed to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>
and in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1847</b> the Nassau Street
troubles began. The three <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>
brothers had built their packet seed business into the largest enterprise in
Fredonia at the time. To put things into perspective, in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1847</b> when each field worker in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> concern earned $6.00 a month, property taxes ranged from
$1.00 to $4.00 and up to $10.00 for those with homes and businesses. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles Burritt</b> the druggist, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Franklin’s</b> father, paid a respectable
$11.87 that year, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry Frisbee</b>,
owner of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> $11.87. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risleys</b> paid a total if $71.01! Their
closest competitor was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Leverett</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> for whose brick home (the Barker
Historical Museum) and tannery he paid $53.57. Clearly, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risleys</b> were very important. Another
sign of their standing in the community was having the architect <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">John Jones</b> design and build their three
Greek Revival<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>mansions at the
northern edge of their seed gardens. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The three were spaced out
along Garden (now <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley </b>Street); <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elijah, Jr.’s</b> near the Creek, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William’s</b> in the middle and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Levi’s</b> near Temple Street. It was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William Risley</b> who took the next step.
On April 7, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1847</b>, he presented an
“Application” to the Village<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Trustees
proposing that Nassau Street be “extended across <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker </b>Street to Garden<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Street.”
A two-man committee was appointed to go with a surveyor to look into the
matter. The committee consisted of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Suel
H. Dickinson</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thomas Warren</b>. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Warren</b> had married a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> sister, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Philena</b>, in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1810</b> and, in
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1840s</b>, with a small seed company
of his own, had used the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley </b>Seed
Co. wagons to distribute his seeds country-wide. We could not call him entirely
disinterested, so it is not surprising that the committee returned at 7 PM that
same day with a report in favor of extending Nassau Street according to a
survey already completed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The survey itself is a very
peculiar document. The center line of the proposed street began at Main Street
and ran northwest 1,160 feet to today’s Terrace Street. There it stopped
abruptly, made a right angle turn some 60 feet, left 97 feet, left again 60
feet, and then northwest on its original course some 1,115 feet to Garden Street.
The odd jog was to avoid running Nassau Street extension through a building
that happened to be standing in the way, a building owned by the other local
power, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">General Leverett Barker</b>. So
the evening meeting concluded with instructions to the Clerk to “draw [up] a
notice & serve [it] on <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L.</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> tomorrow that the street is laid
according to the same [survey].”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">In May<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1847 Barker</b> took his case to the Court of Common Pleas, claiming
that the Nassau Street extension crossed his land, which had been improved and
cultivated. The court decided in favor for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b>
and declared the Trustees’ action reversed and annulled. (At the same time, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> had his own street, Terrace Street
surveyed, although it was not officially opened until August<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1851</b>.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The Trustees – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thomas Warren</b> was the one to make the
motion – agreed that no work was to be done on the stretch of road between
“Garden Street & the South line of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gen.</b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker’s</b> Land” and that nothing was
to be paid to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William Risley</b> for
work on that section. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>, for
his part, appealed the decision, lost his appeal and then requested and was
granted permission by the Board “to bring <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a
</b>Writ of Certiorari in the name of the Corporation” provided he execute a
bond of $500 “to save and keep harmless the said President [Mayor] &
Trustees & their successors in office from all costs and expenses in the
prosecution and determination of said suit.” The Writ of Certiorari was to ask
a superior court to review the lower court’s decision. The Trustees had said
“you’re on your own” and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> had
answered “I haven’t given up yet.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">There is no further record in
the Trustees’ Minutes of the outcome of all this, except that Nassau Street did
go through. Perhaps the issue became moot when <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gen. Barker</b> died on May 11,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
1848</b>. The next mention of the street, on April 5,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1851</b>, is that its name was to be changed to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Center Street</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">That too raised a fuss,
according to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Franklin Burritt</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">I remember distinctly the clamor that was raised over
the changing of the name….It was a question for some time whether the name, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Center</b>, should stick or that of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nassau</b> be restored….The questions were
pertinently asked. Why <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Center Street</b>?
Center of what?</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Of course, the answer, as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Burritt</b> knew perfectly well, was the
center of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William Risley’s</b> Greek
revival mansion standing midway between those of his two brothers. No longer
would one have to go down Mechanic or Temple streets and then in on Garden.
There was now a single, grand avenue going directly from Main Street to the
heart of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> enclave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">There is another set of
Village streets that came about through a lawsuit. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hezekiah</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker’s</b> son <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles</b> died intestate on July 7,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1840</b>. The estate was probate, but a
dispute between some of the heirs caused the whole matter to end up in the
courts. Ultimately, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William Barker</b>
brought suit against his brother, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Samuel
Barker</b>, “and others.” The outcome was that three Commissioners in Partition
were appointed to settle the matter. They determined that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles Barker’s</b> property, a large rectangular parcel on the east
side of Central Avenue with a kind of blunt arrow shape at the south end,
should be surveyed into building lots and the lots auctioned off with the
proceeds divided among the heirs. The formal survey was dated October 18,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1852</b>. It had taken twelve years to
settle the matter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The lots along Central Avenue
were immediately accessible, but to reach into the rest of the land required
laying out some new streets. Therefore, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b>
Street was to run from today’s Church Street northwest to Dunkirk Street
(Central Ave.), while Free Street <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(</b>Lambert
Avenue) was laid from Temple<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>northeast
to a corner, then north parallel to Central Avenue. Those two streets gave
access to the lots on the south and east. To do the same for interior lots,
another street was laid across the middle of the land dividing it roughly into
two halves, It was called Division Street, today’s Curtis Place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Day</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Division
and Free were officially admitted as public streets in November<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1852</b>. The fact that Day Street began
at Church Street calls for some explanation. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1851 </b>map of Fredonia shows <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker
</b>Common with <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> Street running
from East Main Street to Church, and Church Street from <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> almost to Center Street. However both are outlined with dotted
lines meaning they were proposed streets, not yet officially accepted by the
Village, because the Village did not own the land. On April 18,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1825 Hezekiah Barker</b> had finally
deeded the Common he had long promised to the Town of Pomfret. In November<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1852</b>, it still belonged to the Town, which
meant that Village residents, when walking along the paths they called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> Street and Church Street, were
legally walking on the edges of the Town Common. For the same reason the
Village’s <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> Street as laid out in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1852</b> could only begin at the edge of
the Common and run down to Central Avenue.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">It was not until some twenty
years later that a transfer was made. On May 6,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1878 M.M.</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fenner </b>Supervisor
of the Town of Pomfret appeared before the Board and stated that he did not
feel authorized to expend the sum usually ordered by the Board of Trustees<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>for Care and Keeping of the Parks [the
two halves of the Common]. He therefore offered in behalf of the Town of
Pomfret to place the custody of the Parks in the hands of the Board<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>of Trustees – until the Voters of said
Town at the next annual meeting shall have an opportunity to take action. The
offer was accepted, and on March 17,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
1879</b>. The following communication was ordered on file and the proposition
accepted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Fredonia N.Y. March 17,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1879</b><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">To the President and Board of Trustees of the Village
of Fredonia.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Gentlemen:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The following is a correct copy of a resolution
adopted by the electors of the Town of Pomfret at noon of Tuesday February 18,
1879 in town Meeting assembled.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Resolved – That the Public Parks belonging to the Town
of Pomfret but located in the Village of Fredonia be placed in the custody of
the President and Board of Trustees of<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>said
village.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">I have the honor as present custodian of the public
property of the town, to tender you the custody of the public parks, in
accordance with this Resolution.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Respectfully yours<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Milton M. Fenner</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">That is when Fredonia’s <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> Street was finally allowed to begin
at Main Street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Church Street had a similar
history that adds to our understanding of how Fredonia’s streets developed. Its
presence on the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1851 </b>map makes clear
that there was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">de facto</i>, a street
named “Church” long before it became official. The first Baptist meeting house
on the corner of Temple and Church streets was dedicated on December 4,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1823</b>. Earlier that year the
Presbyterians had purchased the second floor of the Academy building on the
opposite corner of Temple Street. There can be no doubt where the “Church”
street name came from. The name for Free Street appears first<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the survey of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles Barker’s</b> estate in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1852</b>
and must be related to the furious debates then raging over the Fugitive<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Slave Act and all the other free <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vs.</i> slave states issues. The same is
probably true for Liberty and Union streets, which appear, like Church and Day,
within dotted lines, as proposed streets on the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1851 </b>map.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">It seems odd that in a
self-consciously patriotic place as Fredonia there are so few “patriotic”
street names other than Washington Avenue<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
(1891)</b>. There was a Ludivici<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Street
established in February<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1904</b>. Some
speculate that this was the early Link Street, given the name Link in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1914</b>, and others might have proof of a
different story. Also, there was Pulaski Street in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1947</b>. Both apparently honoring foreigners of note, but otherwise no
Adams, Jefferson, Franklin or even Lincoln.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">By far the most frequently
used source has been personal names, either to honor those who were gone or
commemorate the owners through whose lands the streets were laid. We have
already noted <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Berry</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seymour</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hart</b> (for a while, then <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Davis</b>,
then <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hart</b> again) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Leverett</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Day</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lambert</b>. To these we could add <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Newton</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Forbes</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Glisan</b> (the original name of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Newton </b>Street leg at East Main Street),
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gillis</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clinton</b> (originally <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ball Street</b>),
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cushing</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Norton</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dunn</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Howard</b>, and many more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">There is one other class of
streets we should touch on before we close. That is Fredonia streets of record
that never existed. The compilers of certain kinds of reference books, for
example biographical directories such as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who’s Who</i></b> or city directories, work
very hard gathering and verifying the accuracy of their listings. An
unscrupulous competitor could easily copy the whole thing – claiming to have
done the research himself – or abstract a group such as Doctors and Dentists of
Western New York to make a separate publication and an easy profit. To fight
this kind of piracy, compilers build in fake biographies and, more important for
us, fake streets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Fredonia residents in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1972</b> were probably quite surprised to
find their Village streets included Dresden Avenue, which ran from Nellie Lane
south to Pasture Street. Or that Griffin Way reached from La Bonte Avenue to
McCormick Lane, and Pepper Road went from Nellie Lane, at least according to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manning’s Dunkirk and Fredonia Directory. </i>By
the time of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1979 </b>Directory,
Nellie ran from Dresden to Hill Road, while Hill Road didn’t seem to run
anywhere. Griffin Way survived into <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1980</b>
as did Nellie, Pepper and Emily. In addition, Sand Hill Drive was added,
running from “Gansett easterly” although, according to this listing, Gansett
didn’t run anywhere either.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">There are a multitude of ways
we can look at our Village streets, past, present and non-existent, but as we
have seen, the one consistent theme that links them all is that each has a
story to tell.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-32879532182068352262013-04-25T14:39:00.003-07:002013-04-25T14:39:36.440-07:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Orpha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Buried in the “Family Histories” files of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> Historical Museum is a
typewritten copy of an original handwritten autobiographical sketch. It is
unsigned, but the exuberant piece by a young woman just turned 21 on 9 February
1854 has a note on it: “Found in Family History file under <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b>,” which is not a lot of help since the young woman’s name
was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b>, not <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Taylor</b>. Orpha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b>.
Once that identification was made, it was obvious that this is the young woman
referred to by Elizabeth <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cowden</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rink</b> in her article entitled, “The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turners</b> in Chautauqua County” from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Chautauqua Genealogist</i> Vol.15, No.2
(May 1992). In fact the early portion of the article summarizes much of what
Orpha had originally written for her 21<sup>st</sup> birthday. Orpha’s sketch
is so charming and so filled with local details that it should be available for
anyone interested in our Pomfret predecessors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[Some few typographical errors have been silently
corrected.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Feb.9<sup>th</sup>.
Heigho! My 21<sup>st</sup> birthday!<sup>1</sup> Yes another year has gone to
that bourne from whence no lost moments can return, yes and 20 have proceeded
this since I first began an existence and how have they profited me? Much of it
I remember with remorse as having been misspent alas too much, but how can we
better make amend for lost time than by improving to the best of our ability
what remains with — How well I remember 17 years ago today — We had just got
comfortably settled in our Spring Creek<sup>2</sup> home which was a little log
house with only one room surrounded by stately pines and hemlock so near that
we feared their falling on the house in times of heavy wind. And one mile and a
half to our nearest neighbor, on one side and two on the other and all the way
through a dense forest. There all the childhood associations that I can
remember were formed or most of them. I remember of being sent to John <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Evers</b> to attend school when quite young
and Oh I remember how sadly those few weeks past, my home was humble but I
loved it and many were the tears I shed at that short separation. After that I
went to school from home always attended by little George who led me by the
hand so tenderly that my heart still yearns toward those days and I had one
friend<sup>3</sup> in those days that I still remember with much love, with her
how oft have I wandered through the dark forest and beside the well remembered
Spring Creek, she was a participator in all my childish joys and sorrows and I
in hers. But we are separated now, she is doomed to new cares and interests as
Mrs. Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Donaldson</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the year 1842, March 30<sup>th</sup>,
father and mother took me to George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">White’s</b>,
a cousin of mothers that lived in Lodi, now Gowanda, to go to school. He was
wealthy kept public house and 15 months was spent there much to my advantage.
There again I had two warm hearted little friends, Mary <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Locks</b> and Hepsabah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tucker</b>
and I remember many of the hours spent there with pleasure. I first attended a
female school taught by Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fisk</b>
and Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bradish</b> from there I went
to a select school by Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">House</b>
next Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bacon</b>. I then returned home
and staid I think a year during which I went from home one term to Albert <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Eldred</b>. Father had a pair of steers
that he wanted broke and the boys liked the fun so Augustus use to drive us to
school with them. I enjoyed that winter well. The next year H.<sup>4</sup> and
I went to Ringsville, Ashtabula Co. O. She to work at her trade and I to attend
school and I remember my stay there as the happiest part of my school girl
days. The school was a very flourishing one, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Graves</b>, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Marks</b> and Mr.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spencer</b> were the teachers. There too
I had many warm friends among whom were Cornelia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, Lucy <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pratt</b>,
Angeline <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ring</b> and Harriet <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Davis</b>. While there I had the reputation
of writing excellent compositions more on account of the fun they contained
than anything else. Oh that I could redeem the precious moments that were spent
there in inventing mischief. But Oh those were happy moments such as did my
very soul good and I guess more than I remember them. I also spent 15 months in
K. George was with me there and I can see but few dark spots in that time I think
none excepting two fits of sickness of a few weeks duration also Hannah being
ill a short time. Oh yes I can not forget the pains we felt on receiving a
letter from home bearing the sad news of Geo. being very ill with the small pox
or varzoloid.<sup>5</sup> Poor mother she endured a great deal there in the
woods alone! After our return from K. I went to a school of 18 or 20 scholars
in the same old school house where I had so often received instruction. It
seemed strange that the scholars who had been to school with me so long should
stand at all in fear of me, still a little girl with short dresses, high apron
and hair curled in my neck; but I only went in for a short time as they had
three months school already and I succeeded tolerably well. The ensuing summer
I taught near Columbus in what was called the Win district, 15 scholars and 1
dollar per week, boarded around and had some times long to be remembered
especially while I boarded at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Minnegars</b>.
They had six cats and about twice as many dogs. Cooked by a fire place and the
dogs and cats invariably regaled themselves from the same dish before the
family. The geese always came into my room and awoke me in the morning and oh
much more that I have not room to write here. Had the measles which laid me
aside for four weeks and I heartily wished it could have been as much longer or
at least long enough to keep me from going into that school again and I cared
not how sick; but this was not to be and I was doomed to drag out three months
which passed as drearily as any that I remember. The next winter Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McGlachan</b> made a kind offer to take me
home with him and attend school three months free gratis but the winter was far
enough from being one of enjoyment. The ensuing summer I commenced a school in
Concord and taught about six weeks when our folks moved to this place and I
could not make up my mind to stay after they left. I well remember our moving,
it was some time near the first of July, 1848. Father and I started about
sundown (and that was the last look I gave to my old home till last winter)
with a load, I walked most of the way to Samples and the roads being so rough
our progress was slow, it was dark and muddy and I had to walk nimbly to keep
up with the wagon and was all besmeared with mud by the time we reached
Columbus. We spent the night there and proceeded on our journey the next day,
arrived at Westfield about dark and spent the night. Arrived at this place the
next day and I must say I was somewhat disappointed, the house<sup>6</sup> a
little old white washed thing with only two rooms but we have since built a
comfortable house and we know how to appreciate it the better. The next fall
after I came here I attended school at Fredonia<sup>7</sup> half a term, walked
from home and I think I went another half term in the winter, the next summer I
taught one mile east of Fredonia, 14 shillings per week, 30 scholars and good
satisfaction. The ensuing winter half a term at the academy again which was the
last of my school days, S. and I had a room and boarded ourselves and enjoyed
it first rate only one remarkable thing transpired during the time and I can
not suppress a smile as I think of the manner that I performed. Oren<sup>8</sup>
was living in Fredonia and he being gone, Martha<sup>9</sup> wished S.<sup>10</sup>
and I to stay with her, we had sat up that night very late attending to our
studies that night and had only been in bed a short time when we heard a great
noise but it being the usual time for serenaders it did not create sufficient
alarm to thoroughly awaken us although we were partly conscious; but soon we
saw the flames bursting furiously from the adjoining building<sup>11</sup> and
with no thought save our own safety we leaped from our own beds I only putting
on nothing save my stockings and a skirt keeping on my night clothes the while
and I do not know how I came by it but an old shawl about my shoulders we ran
down stairs and up street rail road speed. The ground was frozen like a rock,
my stockings rolled down around my ankles and nothing but a night cap on my
head and my hair braided up (so as to wave the next day) in to little horns
each side of my face, I do not wonder that Olive <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hamilton<sup>12</sup></b> thought me crazy. Mart saved mostly all her
furniture and oh how comical she looked with the old leghorn bonnet stuck on
two hairs holding Samalia on one side and I on the other as firmly as though we
were her prisoners ploughing her way through the crowd and I might say through
the fire for she made me go so near that I burnt me. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woleben</b> block and three or four dwelling houses and a nice cabinet,
and I think carriage shop was burned. Shall I ever forget that night! S. and I
went to school no longer. The next summer we taught in Laona, 14 shillings per
week, between 30 and 60 scholars for me and nearly the same in her school, bad
success, hard scholars and discouragement. Taught three months and here Sept 1,
1850, my first journal was commenced.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This
is a brief outline of my education and teaching from my fourth birthday which
is as vivid to my mind as most that have succeeded it. Oh how my little heart
leaped for joy that morning as I stood in that “old armed chair” splint
bottomed and ancient, singing to the top of my voice, “I’m four years old
today!” But alas my joy as it has so often been since was changed by a trifling
circumstance. Our folks were eating breakfast and I asked for a piece of bread
and butter, because I was waiting, father handed me a piece of bread but
instead of butter, covered it with potato peelings, my dignity was insulted and
I could only find relief in a hearty bawling spell.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Oh
what a delightful eve this is, light fleecy clouds with now and then a bright
jewel sparkling upon its bosom and the crescent moon riding in grandeur on the
blue expanse and shedding its solemn silvery radiance on this earth makes the
evening one of surpassing loveliness, and what makes it the more pleasant to
me, my dear brother G.<sup>13</sup> and friend S. are with me. Take it all
together, this has been what kind of birthday! Ah some as happy moments as I
ever experienced I have seen today, and some have been dark and gloomy<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Orpha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b> was born on 9 February 1834.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">9 February 1837.
There was an early <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Evers</b> family in
Spring Creek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">This was probably
Mary Amanda <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Deming</b>, born 3 December
1831. She married Daniel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Donaldson</b>
of Spring Creek village.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Probably her
older sister Hannah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Varioloid, a
milder form of smallpox.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner’s</b> house is shown on the 1854 map
of Chautauqua County on the south side of today’s Webster Street between
Seymour Street and Chautauqua Road.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Orpha Elizabeth <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b> was at the Fredonia Academy for
three terms in 1848-1850 beginning when she was 16.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Oren may be her
brother Orren.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Martha/Mart:
unidentified.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“S.” is apparently Samaria (misspelled Samalia) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bartholomew</b> who attended the Academy
with Orpha in 1848-50. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bartholomew</b>
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b> families lived next door
to each other on Webster Street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">11.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An arsonist set a building afire just west of
the Main Street bridge on the north side of the street on the night of 27
February 1850. The fire spread, destroying five buildings there. At the same
time the old <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woleben</b> Block (45-53
West Main Street) was set on fire and completely destroyed. Orpha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner’s</b> account reads as though she
and Samaria were rooming next to the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woleben</b>
Block, either in the small house just behind it on today’s Forest Place or in
the house next east of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woleben</b>
Block owned by Joshua <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">12.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Olive A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hamilton</b>,
who attended the Academy for four terms in 1849-1852.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“G.” is probably her brother George. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7671578674432180955.post-6438519190654804992013-04-25T14:39:00.001-07:002013-04-25T14:39:03.269-07:00
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Early School Houses of Fredonia, 1807-1907<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By Douglas H. Shepard, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
earliest “school house” in Fredonia was probably the log cabin home of the
Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodcock</b> family. Mrs. Sophia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b>, daughter of Richard and Sophia <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, wrote in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia Censor</i> of 25 June 1873 an account of her family’s
arrival here. They were accompanied by the Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodcock</b> family and the James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgan</b>
family. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> family, with
their six children, left Sangerfield NY on 1 June 1807. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodcocks</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgans</b> had gone on ahead by a few days. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> family settled in a small cabin about two miles downstream
from the spot where Richard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>
and Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> would build a
saw mill and a grist mill.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mrs. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris’</b>
cousin, Mrs. Ursula (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodcock</b>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ashley</b> had written her own account in
the issue of 18 June 1873. She too described how the group left Sangerfield,
where her father Oliver <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodcock</b> had
traded his cart and oxen for 700 acres that an unnamed man had in Pomfret. That
would be two of the Holland Land Company’s lots which were about 360 acres
each. Their home here “was built of logs; one door of plank, hewed out with a
broad-axe; no window, low roof; stone fire-place, hemlock bark roof, and the
floor of hemlock bark — the whole only 18 feet square. It was chinked on the
outside with clay, and the family of eight considered themselves quite snug
that winter.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
neighbors requested Mrs.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Woodcock</b> to
teach the children that winter, and she did so, according to these accounts. It
was the first school in Pomfret, and had 16 children. Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harris</b> dated the groups’ arrival here as 1807. Although Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ashley</b> gave the date as 1806, that
seems unlikely since we have a detailed account of what “Canadaway” looked like
then. Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fay</b> wrote in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 19 July 1871 that he “came in
June, 1806. . . . At that time there was no house where Fredonia is, and the
nearest one east was owned by Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mann</b>,
since known as the Jeremiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Baldwin</b>
farm [about at 430 East Main Street]. The owner of the land where your village
is situated was Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McClintock</b>,
who kept a public house a little south of there. Coming on west, [that is, on
the old Erie Road along Webster Street]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I saw Philo <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Orton</b> with his
axe and provisions, going to cut logs to build a house on what is called the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Crocker</b> farm [about 509 West Main
Street]. The first house west of Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McClintock’s</b>
was Captain James <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dunn’s</b>, a little
west of what is now the center of Portland.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
earliest <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">built</i> school house in
Fredonia was made of logs and built in 1807 at the side of a trail running
through the grove of trees on what we now call Barker Common. That may sound
simply picturesque, but it has real significance for the history of the
Village. In 1807 it is not a village; it is Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker’s</b> 360-acre lot that he has “articled,” contracted to buy
from the Holland Land Company, and it is almost entirely covered with trees.
There are no streets and no buildings except for the small log cabin the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barkers</b> live in, situated in a clearing
on the flats east of today’s Water Street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
cabin was built by the previous occupant, Thomas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">McClintock</b>, where the ancient trail from Buffalo to Erie crossed
Canadaway Creek at a shallow ford. The first settlers found two other old
trails snaking down from the shore of Lake Erie through the forest, paralleling
the contours of the Creek on the high ground west of it (Chestnut and Seymour
streets) and east (Temple, Main, Eagle streets). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Why,
then, was the first school house not built near the crossroads where <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker’s</b> cabin was situated? For several
reasons. This was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker’s</b> farm and
the land was valuable. His contract with the Holland Land Company stipulated
that the occupant had to “improve” what he was intending to own by clearing it
and raising crops on it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
grove where the school house was located, on the other hand, was not valuable.
For a ceremony naming the Common in his honor, his great-granddaughter, Mrs. Flora
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Clothier</b>, wrote an account of its
history, which was printed in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
of 5 June 1931. In it she wrote, “One would not belittle the generosity of an
ancestor, but one must recall a certain family tradition that when Hezekiah
spoke of dividing his lands among his children, several of them were known to
inform him that they would under no circumstances accept that ‘pesky black
walnut grove’.” [The black walnut tree roots give off a toxic substance that is
harmful to many plants.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To
this she added another element in choosing the location. “The real reason for
the donation [of the Common], however, must be sought in the New England origin
of these people. To them a village had only one pattern and that pattern
consisted of a central green about which to group the churches, the school, the
town hall.” The “central green” that Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> had in mind was the black walnut grove at the center of his
farm, and there he placed the school.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The school house itself was
probably what Phin M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miller</b>
described as typical in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">County
Schools and Education: 1807-1902</i>. The building was made of logs, was 16 to
18 feet wide by 22 to 24 feet long, with the side walls 8 feet high. “At one
end was built a stone or stick chimney, with a stone fire-place and projecting
hearth-stone.” There were five windows, two on each side and one opposite the
fire-place. Each had four lights, 7 x 9 inches. Desks were long planks on
supports along three walls, and seats were made the same way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> wrote in a letter in the 22 March 1871 issue of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>, “I commenced my education by
attending school with my older sister one half day at the old log school house,
standing then on the common near where Temple street [in 1871] divides it, and
about between the fountains [installed in the 1850s] which school was presided
over by Miss Nabby <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brigham</b>, now my
beloved and bereaved sister, [Mrs. Gen. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>
— Ed.].” Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley’s</b> older brother
William attended that school and, in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
of 5 December 1877, repeated that “it was taught by Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brigham</b>, afterwards the wife and now the widow of the late Gen. Elijah
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>.” That was in the summer of
1807 since he goes on to say, “The first winter school was taught by Samuel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Perry</b> [i.e. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Berry</b>].”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In 1808 a number of
significant events occurred. The Erie Road was rerouted to where today’s Main
Street runs, across Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker’s</b>
farm, past his common, and between the saw mill and grist mill by Canadaway
Creek. Although a bridge was not put across the creek until 1809, in
anticipation of the change, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b>
built a log inn by the Erie Road facing the common, and Richard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> did the same at today’s 189
West Main Street, the beginning of the competition between the east and west
sides as to where the center of the community would be.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">It was also in 1808 that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> hired Israel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lewis</b> to clear the common of trees. An
article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 27 January
1869, which noted that Israel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lewis</b>
was still alive, remarked that in 1808 “there were then only a few acres
cleared in the vicinity and no roads but paths through the forest followed by
marked trees.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
his account of early school days in Fredonia in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fredonia</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 25
June 1884, Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> explained
that in 1809 the original school district was divided. “The west side had no
school-house, but a school was opened in an old dilapidated house or stable
standing near the south line of the old common that was afterward laid out by
Judge <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Houghton</b>.” It seems a little
odd that a building put up no earlier than late 1806, according to Elisha <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fay’s</b> account, would be “old” and
“dilapidated” less than three years later. It may be that Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>, who was five at the time, was
remembering what the building looked like some years later. There was no school
held on the west side in 1810 and in 1811 the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risleys</b> moved to Ohio, not returning until May 1814.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">By
the time the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risleys</b> returned, much
had changed. The War of 1812 had broken out and, in 1813, had taken the life of
Abner <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b> in the Battle of Lake
Erie. Earlier, on 12 November 1812, Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> finally received the deed to his land from the Holland Land
Company, permitting him to begin selling off house and business lots as he
worked to develop the community around the common. At some point late in 1812
he built a new school house, this time of planks from his saw mill. With the
common now free from trees, he located the building on the northern edge of the
common next to today’s Temple Street. It is referred to in a 25 January 1813
survey “of an amendment of a Road [Temple Street] from Canadaway Common to Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Eastwood’s</b>, beginning at a stake
standing on the Common 50 links south of the new schoolhouse.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">It
was that “new schoolhouse” that Levi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b>
seems to be describing in his article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 25 June 1884, although he confuses it with the earlier
log schoolhouse. “The school house was a frame building and made from some of
the lumber sawed at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker’s</b> new
sawmill, which stood just above the west bridge on the Canadaway Creek. The
school house was about twenty-five feet by thirty feet square.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">When
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risleys</b> returned from Ohio in
May 1814 they found “both sides of the creek much improved, and both claiming
to be the center of gravity…. The west common had been cleared off and the
stumps taken out and a school-house built near its center, and a Rev. Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">West</b> had taught school in it one
winter.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Years
later, when a dispute arose about a fence around the West Hill Common, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fredonia Advertiser</i> commented in an
article that was reprinted in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i>
of 29 May 1867, “That Common was dedicated to the people in the year 1814 (as
near as we can learn), by a public celebration, and was used as such for about
thirty-six years. The address on that occasion [in 1814] was delivered by Dr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whaley</b>, son-in-law of Richard <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Williams</b>, the donor of the Common, and
one of the early settlers of that town, and who was, with others at the time,
ambitious to have that locality [West Hill] considered the center of the town
or village.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">(John
P. M. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whaley</b> was a physician in
Chautauqua County. He is recorded as being in Pomfret in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Douglass</b>-<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Houghton</b> Ledger on 12 March 1813; he was an ensign, later a
Lieutenant in the State Militia, 169<sup>th</sup> Regiment in 1817 and 1818;
and he was one of the founding members of the Chautauqua County Medical Society
which was formed in June 1818.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
his article, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risley</b> adds that the
school house on the West Hill Common burned down around 1816. A new one was built
at the corner of Chestnut and Berry streets. Around 1820 that building also
burned. A fancier one, one with a steeple, replaced it on the same lot. It was
dubbed “Trinity School” by Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Houghton</b>,
perhaps because the Episcopalians worshipped there. The Rev. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Garland</b> in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History</i> of Trinity Church adds that someone unnamed made a sign for
“Trinity School” and put it over the entrance. “There is plenty of evidence of
the resulting antagonisms,” apparently on the part of local Presbyterians and
Baptists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">While
this was going on, other elements in the tug of war between the west and east
sides were at work also, involving religious groups and the schools. Among the
early congregations was one of twelve settlers who met in September 1810 at the
home of Asa <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> on West Hill and
entered into “a Christian Covenant.” In 1811 they incorporated as the “Pomfret
Religious Society” and in December 1819 reincorporated as the First
Presbyterian Society of Pomfret. At that point the decision was made to put up
a permanent meeting house, and on 8 February 1820 it was decided “that the site
for the meeting house be located on the hill.” The locations suggested were on
the north side of West Main Street just east and just west of Chestnut Street.
This would have been the first church building in the community and given real
weight to the west side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
reaction was immediate. A subscription list was circulated in 1821 to raise
enough funds to put up an Academy building on land to be donated by Hezekiah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barker</b> just north of the school house
on his Common. The wording of the preamble to the list is telling. “We the
subscribers, having it in contemplation to build a house, which shall answer
the purposes of an academy and a [blank space] meeting house. . . .” A space
was left where a later hand inserted “Presbyterian” indicating that any one of
the local congregations, none of whom had a church building, would be welcome.
In the end, it was the Presbyterians, although not those with land on West
Hill, who signed on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Actual
work on the Academy building seems to have begun in 1822 with the massive
frames going up on 9 July 1822. On 11 October 1823 the Presbyterians met on the
second floor of the Academy building for the first time. The Academy itself
took much longer to organize. While efforts were being made to have the
Legislature grant a charter, a front room on the ground floor was leased to
School District No. 8 and the plank school house was abandoned. However, once
the Academy began to function, in October 1826, that room had to be vacated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">On 7
June 1827 a lot on Temple Street was purchased and a stone school building put
up. (It was not so lovingly referred to as the “jail.”) In 1848 a new site was
acquired at Center and Barker streets and a two-story wooden building constructed
there. Early in June 1853 it burned and was replaced by a four-room brick
building that served until 1901.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
order to have enough students for their practice department, as it was called,
the District No. 2 school on West Hill was closed down and the students
transferred to the Barker Street School and some to the Normal School. That
West Hill school house was a red brick building located on the site of today’s
48 Houghton Street. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> of 22
January 1834 reported that it had lost its roof during a severe storm on 12
January. However, it was repaired and can be seen on the 1851, 1854 and 1867
maps. Addison <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cushing</b>, at the time
President [Mayor] of Fredonia, referred to it in a speech at the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor’s</i> Semi-Centennial on 1 February
1871 as a “dilapidated brick structure.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
1938 the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Censor</i> ran a series of
pictures and articles about the old days in Fredonia. In the issue of 4
February 1938, a local columnist asked “who knows anything about the old brick
schoolhouse that stood on the lot at 48 Houghton Street? Mrs. Bessie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blodgett</b> who now lives there in a home
built by her father 50 years ago would be very much interested in finding
someone who can tell her more about the old structure. She remembers hearing
her father tell about inkwells, pens, and fragments of desks — articles
undeniably connected with the schoolroom.” In the following issue appeared an
answer. “Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blodgett</b> received a
letter from the former Miss ‘Dilly’ <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ranney</b>,
now Mrs. Leslie <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kelley</b>, of
Jamestown; parts of which follow:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘I read
in the Censor that you want to know about the little school house that stood on
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Houghton</b> lands. That land belonged
to Jacob <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Eleck</b> and Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bradish</b>. The school was the first one I
went to; I must have been between five and six. I will try to tell you how it
looked on the inside. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘You
went into a small entry where you hung your wraps — the boys on one side and
girls on the other, dinner pails on the floor. The seats and desks were made of
wide boards. If necessary three could sit in one of the seats; they were so
very long. Originally they were painted a dark red.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘I
can still see the way the top of the inkwell came through the top of the desk.
All the seats faced the back of the room. There were several benches around the
room where we sat for our recitations and when the weather was very cold we drew
the benches up near the stove to get warm. Our great joy was to pass the water
out of a tin pail, giving each one a drink out of the old tin cup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘We
had only two terms of school then — the older boys came in the winter and
things were lively then! Paper wads decorated the room. My teacher, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tate</b>, on snowy mornings would rap on
the door and say, “Little girl, get your wraps on and I will carry you on my
arm to school.” At night he brought me home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘Among
the students were the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ives</b> boys and
a sister whom they called “Pickles,” John and Sarah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pratt</b>, Norah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barclay</b> and
brother Leonard, a family by the name of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moss</b>,
Flora Wilbur and her brothers, my two brothers and many others whose names I
can’t recall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘In
the summer a Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Colvin</b> taught. How
we all liked her! We were moved down town to the school back of the Normal and
Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carlisle</b> taught the room of
older pupils while Mrs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merritt</b> had
the smaller ones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘Many
of the boys carved their initials in those desks. I never knew what became of
the schoolhouse.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">‘And
so Time Marches On and only memories of the little old schoolhouse remains’!”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
date of Della <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ranne’s</b> attendance in
the last days of West Hill school can be pretty well narrowed down to
1866-1867. Her teacher, Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tate</b>,
was George <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tate</b>, who had attended
the Fredonia Academy, volunteered in the Civil War, returned and was married
and spent one year in the grocery business before beginning a long career as a
teacher. He may have boarded at the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ranne’s</b>
home, which was directly opposite the school house on the north side of West
Main Street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Flora
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilbur</b> was born about 1863, so she
may have been five years old when she and Della were classmates. Apparently
Della attended Mr. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tate’s</b> winter
term (when the older, trouble-making boys could attend school) and then Miss <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Colvin’s</b> summer term, after which they
all moved down to the Barker Street school around 1868.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">That
school building sufficed for a number of years. In 1894 the voters agreed to
form a “Union Free School” district, combining the old Districts No. 2 and No. 8
and build a four-room addition on the front of the Barker Street School. It was
finished in 1895 and served until 1901, when additional space had to be rented
to take care of the increasing population. Not long after, it was necessary to
buy 101 Eagle Street, the former <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stoddard</b>
residence. But again, by 1905 three additional buildings were rented for
classrooms. By 1907 a new arrangement was seen as inevitable and a new era in
Fredonia’s educational system began.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Many,
many changes had taken place in local education and in the school houses since
1807 when that little log school house first stood by the side of a trail
running through the grove of pesky black walnut trees.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Darwin R. Barker Historical Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15002537785584767628noreply@blogger.com0